Письменный англо-русский перевод. Учебно-методическое пособие

Crimea, Ukrainian Krym, also spelled Krim, autonomous republic, southern Ukraine. The republic is coterminous with the Crimean Peninsula, lying between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. In 2014 Russia covertly invaded and illegally annexed Crimea, a move that was denounced by the international community. Area 10,400 square miles (27,000 square km). Pop. (2001) 2,033,736; (2013 est.) 1,965,177.

https://www.britannica.com

РЕСПУБЛИКА КРЫМ

Авторы: Е.В. Баранчиков (Население, Хозяйство), А.Н. Прокинова (Здравоохранение), П.С. Павлинов (Архитектура и изобразительное искусство), О.В. Фраенова (Музыка)

РЕСПУ́БЛИКА КРЫМ, субъект Рос. Федерации. Расположена на Крымском п-ове, омывается водами Чёрного (на западе и юге) и Азовского (на северо-востоке) морей (длина береговой линии св. 1 тыс. км). На севере граничит с Украиной. Входит в состав Южного федерального округа. Пл. 26,1 тыс. км2. Нас. 1912,2 тыс. чел. (2017; 1201,5 тыс. чел. в 1959; 2430,5 тыс. чел. в 1989). Столица – г. Симферополь. Адм.- терр. деление: 14 районов, 16 городов (из них 11 имеют статус гор. округа), 56 поселков гор. типа.

https://bigenc.ru

Baikal, Lake Russian Ozero Baykal \xxxx\ Lake, southern SIBERIA, Russia, in Asia. With a length of 395 mi (636 km) long and an area of some 12,200 sq mi (31,500 sq km), it is the largest freshwater basin in Eurasia. It is also the deepest continental body of water on Earth (5,315 ft [1,620 m]), containing onefifth of the fresh water on Earth’s surface. More than 330 rivers and streams flow into it; on its east it receives the Barguzin and SELENGA rivers, and most of its outflow is through the ANGARA at the northern end. The island of Olkhon is in its centre. Plant and animal life are rich and various; at least 1,500 species are unique to the lake. Growing industrialization along its shores has produced threatening pollution. In 1996 the Lake Baikal Coastal Protection Zone was designated a UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE.

Britannica Concise Encyclopedia, 2006

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БАЙКАЛ – пресноводное озеро на юге Вост. Сибири. Расположено на высоте 456 м и окружено горами. 31,5 тыс. км2, длина 636 км, средняя ширина 48 км. Самое глубокое (до 1620 м) в мире. Тектонического происхождения. Впадает 336 рек (в т. ч. Селенга, Баргузин, В. Ангара), вытекает р. Ангара. 27 островов (крупнейший Ольхон). Замерзает в январе, вскрывается в мае. Флора и фауна Байкала включает ок. 1800 видов (3/4 – эндемики: байкальская нерпа, бычки, живородящая рыба голомянка и др.). Промысел омуля, хариуса и др. Судоходство; сплав леса. На Байкале – города Слюдянка, Байкальск. В пос. Листвянка – Лимнологический институт Сибирского отделения РАН. Байкал в составе Баргузинского и Байкальского заповедников. Прибайкальский национальный парк. В результате антропогенных воздействий ухудшилась экологическая обстановка; ведётся поиск научно обоснованных путей восстановления природных комплексов Байкала.

Большой энциклопедический словарь под ред. академика А.М. Прохорова, 2002.

Задание 43. Используя шаблон, сделайте ППА текста British Columbia. Переведите текст с АЯ на РЯ, уделяя особое внимание средствам компрессии.

British Columbia province, Canada. WRITTEN BY

Robert A.J. McDonald See All Contributors

Assistant Professor of History, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Coeditor of Vancouver Past: Essays in Social History; British Columbia: Historical Readings.

British Columbia, westernmost of Canada’s 10 provinces. It is bounded to the north by Yukon and the Northwest Territories, to the east by the province of Alberta, to the south by the U.S. states of Montana, Idaho, and Washington, and to the west by the Pacific Ocean and the southern panhandle region of the U.S. state of Alaska. It stretches some 730 miles (1,180 km) from north to south and 640 miles (1,030 km) from east to west at its widest point. The land has a diversity of climate and scenery unparalleled in Canada, from the island-studded and fjord-

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indented coast to the great peaks of the western continental cordilleras, with their large interior plateaus.

One of the last regions of the North American continent to be explored and settled, British Columbia emerged in the second half of the 20th century as one of the leading provinces of Canada in population, economic wealth, and overall growth. Its main cities include Vancouver, one of the largest ports of Canada and of western North America, and Victoria, the provincial capital, located on the southeastern tip of Vancouver Island. Area 364,764 square miles (944,735 square km). Pop. (2016) 4,648,055; (2019 est.) 5,071,336.

https://www.britannica.com/place/British-Columbia

Газетно-журнальный информационный текст

Задание 44. Прочитайте раздел «Газетно-журнальный информационный текст» параграфа «Транслатологическая характеристика отдельных типов текста» в учебном пособии И.С. Алексеевой «Введение в переводоведение» и сделайте план-конспект.

Задание 45. Используя шаблон, сделайте ППА текста

Brazil football legend Pele released from hospital. Проанализируйте логику подачи информации в ИТ. Какие структурные преобразования на уровне абзаца потребуются при переводе с АЯ на РЯ? Переведите текст с АЯ на РЯ.

Brazil football legend Pele released from hospital – report Football great Pele has been released from hospital in Paris

and will return to Brazil in the “coming hours,” Brazilian media reported Monday, citing his spokesman.

The 78-year-old’s discharge came after Neymar paid him a visit in hospital in the suburbs of the French capital.

The Paris Saint-Germain forward posted a photo on his Instagram account Monday of himself alongside a smiling Pele in his hospital bed with the two holding hands.

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“I want to thank you deeply for your positive thoughts and get-well wishes,” Pele said in a statement cited by Brazilian news website Globo Sport.

“Thanks to the great affection of the medical team at the American hospital of Paris, I am travelling home soon.”

The three-time World Cup winner was admitted to hospital with a urinary infection last Wednesday, the day after appearing at a promotional event with France striker Kylian Mbappe.

Brazil’s G1 reported that Pele had intended to come out of hospital on Saturday to return to Brazil but had been delayed by further tests.

The infection was not serious and was under control, members of Pele’s entourage had said.

“Thank you so much for all the love! The antibiotics are working,” Pele tweeted on Friday. “I’m feeling much better and I think I’m ready to play again!”

Pele has had several health issues in recent years.

A similar infection put him in intensive care in November 2014.

In 2016, Pele, who played 1,363 professional matches, scoring 1,281 goals, was unable to light the flame at the Rio Olympics because of severe pain in the hip.

“I was not physically fit to participate in the opening of the Games,” he said at the time.

In January 2018, he cancelled a trip to London fearing a “stressful” and “tiring” journey.

https://www.afp.com – 13 April 2019

Задание 46. Используя шаблон, сделайте ППА текста WHO clears Sinopharm vaccine in big victory for state-run Chinese maker. Уделите особое внимание прецизионной лексике, клишированным ЯС и «модным» словам. Проанализируйте логику подачи информации в ИТ. Переведите текст с АЯ на РЯ.

WHO clears Sinopharm vaccine in big victory for state-run Chinese maker

Donato Paolo Mancini — Rome

Christian Shepherd — Beijing

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The World Health Organization has added a Sinopharm vaccine to its list of approved Covid-19 jabs, boosting the credentials of the China-made dose amid doubts over its efficacy.

The emergency use listing for the shot, developed in partnership with the Beijing Institute of Biological Products, is for a two-dose regimen for all adults aged 18 and over, said Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO director-general.

It is the first vaccine made in China to receive emergency use authorisation from the WHO. The approval is a signal to countries that the Sinopharm vaccine is safe to use and means the jab will be added to Covax, the WHO’s vaccine procurement programme.

Alejandro Cravioto, chair of the WHO’s Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunisation, said the panel had made “a thorough assessment” of the vaccine, and that there was “enough evidence” it was safe and reduced cases of severe or symptomatic disease by at least 79 per cent.

Early-stage studies for the vaccine were mainly conducted in China, where coronavirus has been contained. Finalstage, or phase 3, studies were held in other countries. Sinopharm has a second two-dose coronavirus vaccine, which it developed with the Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, that has not yet been approved by the WHO.

WHO authorisation is a victory for state-owned Sinopharm, the dominant producer of vaccines for China’s home market. It supplies most of the jabs for state-run immunisation drives but has yet to establish itself as an exporter.

The company did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

China has pledged to supply Covid vaccines across the developing world. But the international rollout has been hampered by lingering concern over its efficacy, as Chinese manufacturers have been slower than western candidates to release detailed trial data.

The approval means the jab could be used in countries suffering from devastating Covid waves, such as India and Brazil, the WHO said.

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Mohga Kamal-Yanni, health policy expert at the People’s Vaccine Alliance, said the approval was “great news for people in developing countries who, for months, have been watching people in rich countries being vaccinated while they have been left at the back of the queue”.

FT Weekend Europe edition, SATURDAY 8 MAY / SUNDAY 9 MAY 2021

Научно-популярный текст

Задание 47. Прочитайте раздел «Научно-популярный текст» параграфа «Транслатологическая характеристика отдельных типов текста» в учебном пособии И.С. Алексеевой «Введение в переводоведение» и сделайте план-конспект.

Задание 48. Используя шаблон, сделайте ППА текста Ongoing fragmentation. Особое внимание уделите ЯС, оформляющим КИ и ЭмИ. Переведите текст с АЯ на РЯ.

ONGOING FRAGMENTATION

Plastic does not break down chemically, but it does in a physical sense, under the influences of sunlight, oxygen, and wave action. To start with, there are the kind of plastic objects that everyone is familiar with. Then you get the larger, easily visible pieces, which are broken down in turn into even smaller fragments. And those become microplastics, sometimes invisible to the naked eye. The process can then continue further, with the microplastics becoming nanoplastics. This fragmentation does not reduce the overall weight of plastic soup, it only affects its composition. The amount of microplastics and nanoplastics have risen exponentially in a relatively short time. It may mean that it is already better to speak of a plastic broth rather than a plastic soup.

The process of continuous fragmentation means that the world is confronted with two insoluble problems. There is, after all, no possible way of getting all the fragments out of the water. Anyone attempting to extract the particles would also be catching living organisms, as the two are so closely intertwined. Even if it were technically possible, the costs would be exorbitantly high.

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And then there is the second problem: the smaller the particles, the greater the chance that animal species will swallow them. Nanoparticles can spread through the bodies of animals and even reach organs. For that reason, it is suspected that they are particularly harmful.

From Plastic Soup: An Atlas of Ocean Pollution by Michiel Roscam Abbing

Научно-публицистический текст

Задание 49. Прочитайте параграф «Научно-публицистиче- ский текст» раздела «Описание типов текста» в учебном пособии И.С. Алексеевой «Письменный перевод» и сделайте планконспект. Сопоставьте транслатологические характеристики научно-популярного и научно-публицистического текстов: в чем состоит основное отличие между ними.

Задание 50. Используя шаблон, сделайте ППА текста Plastic measures. Особое внимание уделите ЯС, оформляющим КИ и ЭмИ. Переведите текст с АЯ на РЯ.

Plastic measures

Microplastics now contaminate the food we eat and the air we breathe. The race is on to see if our health is at risk, reports

Graham Lawton

This morning I tried to count how many plastic objects are in my house. I got as far as the bottom drawer in my kitchen cabinet – which contained 147 assorted plastic boxes, lids, cups, straws and disposable cutlery – then gave up. I had to get to work. Good job I didn’t get down on my hands and knees with a microscope to look for really small bits of plastic, because I would never have left. By some estimates, the average household generates 6 kilograms of plastic dust every year, around 700 billion fragments known as microplastics. Like snowflakes, every one is different. Every one may also be harmful.

They aren’t just indoors. “They are everywhere,” says Dick Vethaak, an environmental toxicologist at the Deltares research institute in Delft, the Netherlands. “In the water, in food, in

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the air – you are surrounded by a cloud of them. Everything is contaminated.” More are created every day and they will be with us for centuries.

Big plastic debris has been on our radar for years. Yet this is just the start of something more insidious. Plastic waste doesn’t biodegrade but it does break down, fragmented by wind, waves and sunlight into ever-smaller pieces. They may be too small to see, but they are still there, worming their way into every nook and cranny of the environment – including our bodies.

This, in a nutshell, is the pervasive problem of microplastics. But beyond knowing that they exist and are everywhere, we are woefully ignorant about them and their potential impact on us. That is why the search for answers is taking on a new urgency.

It is widely assumed that microplastics are harmful to the environment and ongoing research suggests that this is a fair assumption. But when it comes to human health, we are flying almost blind.

New Scientist, Australia, 7 December 2019

Список рекомендуемой литературы по теме «Стратегия перевода отдельных типов текста: транслатологический подход»

1.Алексеева И.С. Введение в переводоведение. М.-СПб.: Академия: Филологический факультет СПбГУ, 2012. 368 с.

2.Алексеева И.С. Письменный перевод. СПб.: Союз, 2006. 368 с.

3.Алексеева И.С. Профессиональный тренинг переводчика. СПб.: Союз, 2005. 288 с.

4.Комиссаров В.Н. Теория перевода. М.: Высшая школа, 1990. 253 с.

5.Письменный перевод. Рекомендации переводчику, заказчику и редактору. М.: Р. Валент, 2013. 164 с.

6.Швейцер А.Д. Контрастивная стилистика. Газетно-пу- блицистический стиль в английском и русском языках. М.: УРСС. 254 с.

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Приложение 1 КРИТЕРИИ ОЦЕНИВАНИЯ КОНТРОЛЬНОГО ПИСЬМЕННОГО ПЕРЕВОДА

При оценке контрольного письменного перевода применяется система оценки перевода с точки зрения репрезентативности на макроуровне (на уровне текста в целом) и микроуровнях (на уровнях языковых единиц).

Оценивание на макроуровне носит холистический характер (подробнее см. в табл. ниже).

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Оценивание перевода на микроуровнях представляет собой оценивание перевода выбранных преподавателем пяти элементов текста, содержащих переводческие трудности на разных языковых уровнях, присущие текстам определенного транслатологического типа. Студентам заранее неизвестно, какие элементы текста будут оцениваться, они должны перевести текст с соблюдением критериев репрезентативности

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