Нормальная физиология. В 3 частях. Ч.2. Система крови, кровеносная и лимфатическая системы, дыхательная система. Учебное пособие

ȼɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟ ɧɢɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ȼ -ɯ ɝɨɞɚɯ ɏ,ɏ ɜɟɤɚ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɢɣ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝ Ƚɨɥɶɰ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɥ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɟ ɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɢ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤɚ ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɭɱɢɬɵ ɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɛɪɸɲɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɨɤɚɭɬɟ ɭ ɛɨɤɫɟɪɨɜ

ȿɳɟ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɫɨɩɪɹɠ ɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɪɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɚ ɡɨɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɵɣ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫ Ⱦɚɧɶɢɧɢ – Ⱥɲɧɟɪɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɛɪɚɞɢɤɚɪ ɞɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɞɚɜɥɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɝɥɚɡɧɵɟ ɹɛɥɨɤɢ

ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɬɟɪɨ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ Ɍɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɡɤɨɦ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɠɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɭɝɧɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɢɦ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɵɪɹɧɢɢ ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ

Ɋɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɡɢ ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɩɪɢɨɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɤɟ ɥɟɬɧɵɯ ɦɵɲɰ ɩɪɢ ɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɬɨɧɭɫ ɹɞɟɪ ɛɥɭɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɟ ɪɜɨɜ

ɇɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɚɪɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɩɪɢ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɉɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɮɥɟɤ ɫɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫ Ȼɟɰɨɥɶɞɚ – əɪɢɲɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɜɟɞɟ ɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɨɪɨɧɚɪɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɵ ɧɢɤɨɬɢɧɚ ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɤɨɦ ɭɝɧɟɬɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ

2 Ƚɢɩɨɬɚɥɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ

Ƚɢɩɨɬɚɥɚɦɭɫ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɶɸ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɗɬɨɬ ɨɬɞɟɥ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɲɢɦ ɩɨɞɤɨɪ ɤɨɜɵɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɞɰɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɹɞɪɚ ɛɥɭɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɟɪɜɨɜ

ȼ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ ɧɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱ ɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ ɝɢɩɨɬɚɥɚɦɭɫɚ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɢɡ ɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɹ ȼɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɝɢ ɩɨɬɚɥɚɦɭɫɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɚɦɵɦɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɫɟɪ ɞɟɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ Ⱦɚɧ

71

ɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɝɢɩɨɬɚɥɚɦɭɫɟ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶ ɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨ

Ɋɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɹɞɟɪ ɝɢɩɨɬɚɥɚɦɭɫɚ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟ ɫɤɢɦɢɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ©ɡɚɳɢɬɵª ɫɹɪɤɨɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦɢɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢ ɹɦɢɱɚɫɬɨɬɵɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɵɯɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɇɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɜɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢɫɟɪ ɞɟɱɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɩɚɪɚɜɟɧɬɪɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɜɟɧɬɪɨɦɟɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɪɟ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɹɞɪɚ ɝɢɩɨɬɚɥɚɦɭɫɚ

ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɝɢɩɨɬɚɥɚɦɭɫ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɤɨɬɨ ɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟ ɤɭɳɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɟɝɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɯ

2 Ʉɨɪɤɨɜɚɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ

Ʉɨɪɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɲɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɜ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ

Ɇɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɬɢɪɩɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɤ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɨɦɚɬɨɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɚɹ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɩɪɟɦɨɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɢ ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɨɧɵ ɤɨɪɵ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɣ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɪɟɚɤɰɢɣɫɟɪɞɰɚɧɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɪɚɡɞɪɚ ɠɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ Ʉɨɪɚ ɛɨɥɶ ɲɢɯ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɣ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɦɨɞɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɬɚ ɤɢɯ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɪɨɜɨɩɨ ɬɟɪɸ

ɍɫɥɨɜɧɨɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɛ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɢ ɤɨɪɵ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɣ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɥɟɝɱɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɜɭɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ȼ ɨɩɵɬɟ ɧɚɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯɡɜɨɧɨɤɫɨɱɟɬɚɥɢɫɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦɛɨɥɟɜɨɝɨɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɹ ȼɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɚɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɥɚɫɶ ɬɚɯɢɤɚɪɞɢɟɣ ɑɟɪɟɡ – ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɛɥɸ ɞɚɥɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɡɜɨɧɤɚ ɍɫɥɨɜɧɨ-ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɪɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɟɳɟ ɞɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɠɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ

Ʉɨɪɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɤɚɤ ɤ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɦ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɤ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɹɳɢɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ

72

2 Ƚɭɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ

ɇɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ȼɫɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɹ ɸɳɢɟɪɚɛɨɬɭɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɦɨɠɧɨɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶɧɚɞɜɟɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɫɢɫɬɟɦ

ɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ

Ƚɭɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤ ɢ ɫ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɤ ɫɟɪɞɰɭ Ʉ ɧɢɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɵ ɢ ɝɨɪ ɦɨɧɵ

ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɵ ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɢ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɢ ɦɟɠɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɇɟɛɨɥɶ ɲɨɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɨɧɨɜ Ʉ+ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɠɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɢɡ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɂɡɛɵɬɨɤ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɭɝɧɟɬɚɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢ ɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨɣ ɦɵɲɰɵ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɤɪɚ ɳɟɧɢɣ

ɂɡɛɵɬɨɤ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɋɚ2+ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɜɟɥɢ ɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɢɥɚ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɦɢɨɤɚɪɞɚ ɉɪɢɜɵɫɨɤɨɣɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢɢɨɧɨɜɤɚɥɶɰɢɹɩɨɥɧɨɝɨɪɚɫ ɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨɣ ɦɵɲɰɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɫɢɫɬɨɥɵ

Ƚɨɪɦɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɚɞɪɟɧɚɥɢɧɨɦ Ⱥɞɪɟɧɚɥɢɧ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɯ ȿɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ȕ - ɚɞɪɟɧɨɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɚɞɟɧɢɥɚɬɰɢɤɥɚɡɵ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɞɟɪ ɠɚɧɢɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɰȺɆɎ ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɬ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚ ɸɳɢɟ ɦɢɨɤɚɪɞ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɞɥɹɋɚ2+ ȼɢɬɨɝɟɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɫɢɥɚɢɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɵɯɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ ɦɢɨɤɚɪɞɟ ɢ ɭɥɭɱɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɤɪɨɜɨɫɧɚɛɠɟ ɧɢɟ Ʉɨɪɬɢɤɨɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɵɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɧɚɫɟɪɞɰɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɹ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɝɥɸɤɨɤɨɪɬɢɤɨɢɞɵ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ Ʉ+ ɢ ɢɡ ɦɟɧɹɹ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɤɨɪɬɢɤɨɢɞɵ Ƚɥɸɤɚɝɨɧ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɞɰɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɧɨɬɪɨɩɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɥɟ ɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɚɞɟɧɢɥɚɬɰɢɤɥɚɡɭ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɹ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɂɧɫɭɥɢɧ ɜɵɡɵ ɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ Ɍɢɪɨɤɫɢɧ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɨ ɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɢɨɤɚɪɞɚ ɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɚɞɪɟɧɚɥɢɧɚ

Ƚɭɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɦɟɞɢɚɬɨɪɵ ɤɢ ɧɢɧɵ ɩɪɨɫɬɚɝɥɚɧɞɢɧɵ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɬɵ

73

Ɇɟɞɢɚɬɨɪ ɩɚɪɚɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɚ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɚɰɟ ɬɢɥɯɨɥɢɧ ɭɝɧɟɬɚɟɬ ɚ ɦɟɞɢɚɬɨɪ ɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɚ ɧɨɪɚɞɪɟɧɚɥɢɧ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢ ɪɭɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɤɢɧɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɛɪɚɞɢɤɢɧɢɧ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɞɰɟ ɭɥɭɱɲɚɹ ɤɨɪɨɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤ ɢ ɫɧɢɠɚɹ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɨ ɫɬɚɝɥɚɧɞɢɧɨɜɧɚ ɫɟɪɞɰɟɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬ ɞɨɡɵ Ʉɚɤɩɪɚ ɜɢɥɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɚɝɥɚɧɞɢɧɵ ȿ ɢ ) ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɞɰɟ ) Į – ɭɝɧɟɬɚɸɳɟɟ Ɇɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɬɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɫɨɜ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ

2 ɄɊɈȼȿɇɈɋɇɕȿ ɋɈɋɍȾɕ

2 Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɤɪɨɜɟɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ

ɉɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɤɪɨɜɟɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɵ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɟɦ ɤɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɲɭɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ

Ⱥɦɨɪɬɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɵ – ɚɨɪɬɚ ɥɟɝɨɱɧɚɹ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɨɬ ɧɢɯ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɜɟɬɜɢ ɗɬɢ ɫɨɫɭɞɵ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɋɬɟɧɤɚ ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɷɥɚɫɬɢɱɟ ɫɤɢɟɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɵɢɷɥɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɢɷɥɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɬɢɩɚ Ɂɚɫɱɟɬɜɵ ɫɨɤɨɣ ɷɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɸɬ ɩɭɥɶɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɵɛɪɨɫ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɢɡ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɜ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɵɣ ɢ ɩɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤ

ɋɨɫɭɞɵɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ– ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟɢ ɦɟɥɤɢɟɚɪɬɟɪɢɢɦɵɲɟɱɧɨɝɨɬɢɩɚ Ɉɧɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɩɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɢ ɬɤɚɧɹɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɨɧɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɹ 10–20 ɨɬ ɜɫɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɗɬɢ ɫɨɫɭɞɵ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɝɨ ɝɥɚɞɤɨɦɵɲɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɫɜɨɣɩɪɨɫɜɟɬ ɱɬɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɦɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɤɪɨ ɜɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ

Ɋɟɡɢɫɬɢɜɧɵɟɫɨɫɭɞɵ ɫɨɫɭɞɵɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ –ɩɪɟɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɦɟɥɤɢɟ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɢ ɢ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɨɥɵ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɜɟɧɭɥɵ ɢ ɦɟɥɤɢɟ ɜɟɧɵ ɫɨɫɭɞɵ ɫɨɩɪɨ ɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɋɬɟɧɤɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɥɨɟɜ ɝɥɚɞɤɨɦɵɲɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨ ɥɨɤɨɧ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɱɟɝɨ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɤɪɨɜɢ Ɉɧɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɤɪɨɜɹɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɚɯ

74

Ɉɛɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɵ – ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɵ ȼ ɧɢɯ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬ ɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɬ ɟ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɪɨɜɶɸ ɢ ɬɤɚɧɹɦɢ

ȿɦɤɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɵ – ɜɟɧɨɡɧɵɣ ɨɬɞɟɥ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɨ ɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɞɨ –80 ɜɫɟɣ ɤɪɨɜɢ

ɒɭɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɟɫɨɫɭɞɵ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɨɜɟɧɨɡɧɵɟɚɧɚɫɬɨɦɨɡɵ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɚɪɬɟɪɢ ɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɟɧɨɡɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɵ ɜ ɨɛɯɨɞ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɨɜ

Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɤɪɨɜɟɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫ ɫɟɪɞ ɰɟɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɬɪɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɝɟɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ

1.ɋɢɫɬɟɦɧɭɸ ɝɟɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɭɸ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɸ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɜ ɡɚ ɦɤɧɭɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ

2.Ɉɪɝɚɧɧɭɸ ɦɟɫɬɧɭɸ ɝɟɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɤɪɨɜɨɫɧɚɛ ɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ

3.Ɇɢɤɪɨɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɸ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɤɚɩɢɥ ɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɨɛɦɟɧ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ

2 Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɭɞɚɦ

Ⱦɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɭɞɚɦ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ

ȼ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɞɜɚ ɬɢɩɚ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɥɚɦɢɧɚɪɧɨɟ ɢ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɟ

Ʌɚɦɢɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɚɯ ɫɨɫɭ ɞɢɫɬɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Ɉɧɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɨɛɨɣɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɤɪɨɜɢɫɥɨɹɦɢɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɨɫɢ ɫɨɫɭɞɚ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɨɣ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɣ ɤ ɫɬɟɧɤɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɚ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɦ ɩɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɥɨɸ ɫɤɨɥɶɡɢɬ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɬɪɟɬɢɣ ɢ ɬ ɞ Ɏɨɪɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɥɟ ɦɟɧɬɵ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɫɟɜɨɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɩɥɚɡɦɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɬɫɹ ɛɥɢɠɟ ɤ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɟ

ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɱɟɦ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɫɨɫɭɞɚ ɬɟɦ ɛɥɢɠɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɟɝɨ ɫɬɟɧɤɟ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɜ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɚɯ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ

Ɍɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɥɚɦɢɧɚɪɧɵɦ Ɍɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɣɬɨɤɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦɱɚɫɬɢɰɤɪɨɜɢɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɢ ɫɨɫɭɞɚ ɧɨ ɢ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɟɣ ©ɡɚɜɢɯɪɟɧɢɟª ɤɪɨɜɢ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɥɚ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ

ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɨɜɢ

75

Ɍɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɣ ɜ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɤɪɭɬɵɯ ɢɡɝɢɛɨɜ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ

Ⱦɜɢɠɭɳɟɣɫɢɥɨɣɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤɚɫɥɭɠɢɬɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɜɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɨɬɞɟɥɚɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɤɪɨɜɶ ɬɟɱɟɬ ɢɡ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɉɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨ

ɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɨɟ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɭɞɚ ɟɝɨ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɢ ɞɪ

2 ɋɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɵɣ ɬɨɧɭɫ

Ⱦɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɤɪɨɜɢɩɨɫɨɫɭɞɚɦ ɤɪɨɦɟɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɟɬɫɹɢɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢ ɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɱɟɝɨɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɜɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜɨɜɬɨɪɵɯ ɬɨɧɭɫɨɦ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ

Ɍɨɧɭɫɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ– ɷɬɨɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɚɹɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹɫɬɟɧɨɤ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɫɨɡɞɚ ɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɝɥɚɞɤɨɦɵɲɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ Ɉɧ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɢɨɝɟɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɝɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ

Ɇɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɬɨɧɭɫɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɩɨ ɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɝɥɚɞɤɨɦɵɲɟɱɧɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɤ ɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɗɬɢ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɟɣɫɦɟɤɟɪɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɚɸɬ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɟ ɦɢɨɰɢɬɵ ɗɬɨ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɝɥɚɞɤɢɯ ɦɵɲɰ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɢɧɧɟɪ ɜɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɧɟɪɜɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɫɨɫɭɞɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɧɭɫɚ.

Ȼɚɡɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɧɭɫ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɧɟɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜ Ɉɧ ɜɵɫɨɤ ɜ ɤɨɪɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɚɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɚɯ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɧɵɯ ɦɵɲɰ ɢ ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɜ ɫɨɫɭɞɚɯ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɤɨɠɢ ɋɨɫɭɞɵ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɬɨɧɭɫɨɦ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɬ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣ ɫɬɜɢɣ ɪɚɫɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɚ ɫɨɫɭɞɵ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɬɨɧɭɫɨɦ – ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ

ɇɟɣɪɨɝɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɬɨɧɭɫɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɦɩɭɥɶ ɫɚɦɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɤ ɫɨɫɭɞɚɦ ɢɡ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɂɦɩɭɥɶɫɵ ɩɨ ɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɫɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɧɟɪɜɚɦ ɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɚ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɗɬɢ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɵ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɧɭɫ ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɦɢɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɥɭɱɢɥɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɨɧɭɫɚ ɩɨɤɨɹ.

ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɬɨɧɭɫɚɝɥɚɞɤɨɣɦɭɫɤɭɥɚɬɭɪɵɫɨɫɭɞɨɜɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɤɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɚ ɚ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ – ɤ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɪɨɜɹɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɋɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɨ ɧɭɫɚ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɨɜɢ

76

2 ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɣ ɝɟɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɣ ɝɟɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɪɨɜɹ ɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɚɹ ɢ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɪɭɝɨɨɛɨ ɪɨɬɚ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɵɣ ɜɵɛɪɨɫ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɢ ɞɪ

Ʉɪɨɜɹɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ – ɷɬɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɤɪɨɜɟɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ Ʉɪɨɜɹɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ

1)ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɬ ɟ ɫɢɥɨɣ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ

2)ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɬɨɧɭɫɨɦ ɫɨ ɫɭɞɨɜ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ

3)ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɪɨɜɢ ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɤɪɨɜɹɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱ ɧɵɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɚɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɟɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɚ ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɤɪɨɜɹɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ 2.1

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.1

ɋɪɟɞɧɟɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ

ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɢɞɚ ɫɨɫɭɞɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɟɧɨɡɧɨɟ ɢ ɤɚ ɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ȼɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ

1.ɋɢɫɬɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ – ɷɬɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɣ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɫɢɫɬɨɥɵ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɤɨɜ Ɉɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɹɟɬɫɹ – ɦɦ ɪɬ ɫɬ ɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɢɨɤɚɪɞɚ ɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɤɚ

2.Ⱦɢɚɫɬɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɞɢɚ ɫɬɨɥɵɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɤɨɜɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ – ɦɦɪɬ ɫɬ Ⱦɢɚɫɬɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɯɚɪɚɤ ɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɬɨɧɭɫ ɫɬɟɧɨɤ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ

3.ɉɭɥɶɫɨɜɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ – ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɞɢɚɫɬɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ɉɧɨɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹɨɬ ɞɨ ɦɦɪɬ ɫɬ ɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɫɢɥɭ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɚɨɪɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɵ

4.ɋɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɞɢɚɫɬɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɩɭɥɶɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ – ɦɦ ɪɬ ɫɬ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ

77

ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣɞɥɹɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɫɭɞɚɢɜɵ ɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɸ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɭɞɚɦ

ɇɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɤɚɤ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɢ ɬ ɞ

ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɣ ɮɢ ɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ ɢ ɬ ɞ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɚɪɬɟɪɢ ɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɋɬɨɣɤɨɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɚɪ ɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɩɟɪɬɟɧɡɢɟɣ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ – ɝɢɩɨɬɟɧɡɢɟɣ

ɍ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɪɹɦɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɩɨ ɇ ɋ Ʉɨɪɨɬɤɨɜɭ ɜ ɩɥɟɱɟɜɨɣ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɢ ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɜɵɫɥɭɲɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɵɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɟɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɚɯ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɬɨɧɨɜ Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɫɮɢɝɦɨɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪ ɢ ɮɨɧɟɧɞɨɫɤɨɩ Ɇɚɧɠɟɬɭ ɫɮɢɝɦɨɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɚ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɩɥɟɱɨ ɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɝɪɭɲɢ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɚɧɠɟɬɟ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɫɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɢ ȼ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɥɨɤɬɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɝɢɛɚ ɧɚ ɩɥɟɱɟɜɭɸ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɸ ɩɨ ɦɟɳɚɸɬ ɜɨɪɨɧɤɭ ɮɨɧɟɧɞɨɫɤɨɩɚ ɉɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ ɢɡ ɦɚɧɠɟɬɵ ɨɬɦɟ ɱɚɸɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɡɜɭɤɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɨɦɟɧɬɢɯɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟ ɧɢɹ ɞɢɚɫɬɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ

Ɉɛɴɟɦɧɚɹɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤɚ– ɷɬɨɨɛɴɟɦɤɪɨɜɢ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɟɣɱɟɪɟɡɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɚ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ Ɉɛɴɟɦɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤɚ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɨɫɭɞɚɯ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨ ɧɚɥɶɧɚ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɬɨɤɭ ɤɪɨɜɢ

ȼ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɬɬɨɤ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɨɬ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɡɚ ɦɢɧɭɬɭ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɤ ɫɟɪɞɰɭ ɩɨ ɩɨɥɵɦ ɜɟɧɚɦ ɡɚ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɗɬɨɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɱɬɨɨɛɴɟɦɧɚɹɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤɚɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɚɜɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɦɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ

ɉɪɢɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɨɪɝɚɧɨɜɜɧɢɯɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟɫɨɫɭɞɨɜɢɭɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɨɣ ɫɤɨ ɪɨɫɬɢ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɟ

Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɱɚ ɫɬɢɰ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɫɨɫɭɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɥɚɦɢɧɚɪɧɨɦ ɬɨɤɟ ɤɪɨɜɢ Ɉɧɚ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɜ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɭ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤɚ ɤ ɩɥɨ ɳɚɞɢ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɭɞɚ Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɚ ɜ ɨɬ ɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɚ ɫɨɫɭ ɞɨɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɥɢɛɪɚ

ɇɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɟɟ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɚɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɱɟɦ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɨɬɦɟɱɚ ɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɚɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤɚ – 0,5– ɦ ɫ ȼ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɚɯ

78

ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ – ɪɚɡ ɋɨɨɬ ɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤɚ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɦɦ ɫ Ɇɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɜ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɚɯ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɥɭɱɲɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ

ȼɜɟɧɨɡɧɵɯɫɨɫɭɞɚɯɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɣɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɦ ɫ

ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤɚɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɭɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɬɚɤɤɚɤ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɹɯ ɧɟɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɚ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɫɨ ɫɭɞɚ ɨɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɥɨɹɯ ɩɪɢɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɤ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɟ

ȼɪɟɦɹ ɤɪɭɝɨɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨ ɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨɢɦɚɥɨɝɨɤɪɭɝɨɜɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɍɡɞɨɪɨɜɨɝɨɜɡɪɨɫɥɨɝɨɱɟ ɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɦɢɧɭɬɭ ɩɨɥɧɵɣ ɤɪɭɝɨɨɛɨɪɨɬ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɫ ɂɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɵɣ ɤɪɭɝ ɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ȼɪɟɦɹ ɤɪɭɝɨɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹ ɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɨɜ

ɉɪɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɪɭɝɨɨɛɨ ɪɨɬɚ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ

2.4.5. Ⱥɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɭɥɶɫ

Ⱥɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɭɥɶɫ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɞɥɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɧɨɤ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɣ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɦ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɢɡ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɢɫɬɨɥɵ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱ ɤɨɜ ȼ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɢɡ ɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɤɚ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɚɨɪɬɟ ɩɨɜɵ ɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɬɟɧɤɚ ɟɟ ɪɚɫɬɹɝɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɩɭɥɶɫɨɜɚɹ ɜɨɥɧɚ ɉɭɥɶɫɨɜɵɟ ɤɨ ɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤɚ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɭɥɶɫɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ

ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɥɶɫɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɭ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨ ɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɚɯ ɧɟɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɚ ȼ ɫɨɫɭɞɚɯ ɷɥɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɨɧɚ ɤɨɥɟɛ ɥɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɞɨ ɦ ɫ ɜ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɹɯ ɦɵɲɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɨɬ ɞɨ ɦ ɫ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɪɚɡ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɚɯ ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɩɭɥɶɫɨɜɨɣɜɨɥɧɵɜɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɡɚɜɢɫɢɬɨɬɪɚɫɬɹɠɢɦɨɫɬɢɫɨ ɫɭɞɨɜ ɢ ɨɬ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ ɢɯ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɤ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɭ ɑɟɦ ɪɢɝɢɞɧɟɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɥɳɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɚɹ ɫɬɟɧɤɚ ɢ ɱɟɦ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɪɚɞɢɭɫ ɫɨɫɭɞɚ ɬɟɦ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɧɟɦɭ ɩɭɥɶɫɨɜɚɹ ɜɨɥɧɚ

ɋ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɨɦ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɫɤɨ ɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɥɶɫɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ Ɉɧɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ

79

ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɦ ɤɪɨɜɹɧɨɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɚɹ ɫɬɟɧɤɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɚ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢɯ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɚ ɇɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɜ ɜɟɧɨɡɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɚɯ ɫɬɟɧɤɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɷɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɥɶɫɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɨɧɚ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 1 ɦ ɫ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɣ ɜɟɧɟ ɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɦ ɫ ɜ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɜɟɧɚɯ ɪɭɤɢ

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɥɶɫɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɷɥɚ ɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ

Ⱥɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɭɥɶɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɥɶɩɚɰɢɟɣ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɢ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɟɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯ ɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞ ɧɟɣ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɢ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɬɪɟɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɥɟɱɶɹ

ɉɚɥɶɩɚɬɨɪɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɥɶɫɚ

1.ɑɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɭɥɶɫɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ ɜ ɦɢɧɭɬɭ ɍ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɨɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜ ɦɢɧɭɬɭ

2.Ɋɢɬɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɚɜɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɱɟɪɟɞɨɜɚ ɧɢɟ ɩɭɥɶɫɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ

3.ɇɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹɫɢɫɬɨɥɵɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɤɨɜɜɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɫɨɫɭɞɵɢɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɟɨɛɴ ɦɚ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɣ

4.ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɢ ɬɨɧɭɫ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɭɥɶɫɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɢɥɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɧɚɞɨ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɫɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɢ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɱɟɡɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɥɶɫɚ

5.ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɫɬɟɧɨɤɚɪɬɟɪɢɣ ȼɧɨɪɦɟɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɚɹɫɬɟɧɤɚɦɹɝɤɚɹ ɷɥɚɫɬɢɱ ɧɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɚɥɶɩɚɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ

Ⱦɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɥɶɫɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɝɢ ɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ Ʉɪɢɜɚɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹɩɪɢɡɚɩɢɫɢɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɭɥɶɫɚ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɫɮɢɝ ɦɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ.

ɇɚɫɮɢɝɦɨɝɪɚɦɦɟɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɟɤɨɥɟɧɨ ɚɧɚɤɪɨɬɭɢɧɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɤɨɥɟɧɨ ɤɚɬɚɤɪɨɬɭ Ⱥɧɚɤɪɨɬɚ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɧɨɤ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟ ɧɢɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɮɚɡɟ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɢɡɝɧɚɧɢɹ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɢɡ ɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɤɚ ɋɩɚɞ ɩɭɥɶ ɫɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɮɚɡɟ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɝɧɚɧɢɹ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɬɨɞɢɚɫɬɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɟɪɢɨɞ Ɇɨɦɟɧɬɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɹɩɨɥɭɥɭɧɧɵɯɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɜɚɨɪɬɵɪɟ ɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɮɢɝɦɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɢɧɰɢɡɭɪɵ Ʉɪɨɜɶ ɭɞɚɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɨ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɩɨɥɭɥɭɧɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɵ ɚɨɪɬɵ ɢ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɚɹ ɩɭɥɶɫɨɜɚɹ ɜɨɥɧɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɞɢɤɪɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɩɭɥɶɫ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɤɚɬɚɤɪɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ

ȼ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɥɶɫɚ ɫɭɞɹɬ ɨ ɪɚ ɛɨɬɟ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ

80