Нормальная физиология. В 3 частях. Ч.1. Центральная нервная система, высшая нервная деятельность, сенсорная и эндокринная системы. Учебное пособие

1ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ

ɢɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ ɫɩɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɚ ɰɢɟɣɢɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦɧɟɪɜɧɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɯɩɭɬɟɣɫɩɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɚ

2 ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɞɨɥɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɤɨɦ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɝɧɟɬɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɢɠɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɪɟɡɤɢ ɍ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫɩɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɲɨɤ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɵɜɟ ɫɩɢɧ ɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɣ ɬɪɚɜɦɵ ɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɞɪ ɗɬɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭ ɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɥɢɱɚ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɧɨɣ ɦɭɫɤɭɥɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɜɧɭɬ ɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɚɧɟɫɬɟɡɢɟɣ ɧɢɠɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ

ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɒɜɚɪɰ ɢ ɑ ɒɟɪɪɢɧɝɬɨɧ ɨɛɴɹɫ ɧɢɥɢ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ ɫɩɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɲɨɤɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɸ ɚɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɢ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɭɩɪɚɫɩɢ ɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɣ ɬ ɟ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɯ ɤ ɫɩɢɧɧɨɦɭ ɦɨɡɝɭ ɢɡ ɜɵɲɟɥɟɠɚ ɳɢɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɨɜ ɐɇɋ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɟɡɤɚ ɫɩɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɧɢɠɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɲɨɤ ɧɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ȼ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɫɩɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɲɨɤɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɩɢɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɡɝ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɬ ɧɟɣɪɨ ɧɨɜ ɪɟɬɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɡɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɜɨɥɚ

3 ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɫɩɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɲɨɤɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɦ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ Ɍɚɤ ɭ ɫɩɢɧɚɥɶ ɧɨɝɨ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɟ ɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɤɪɨɜɹɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ ɦɨɱɟɢɫɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɮɟɤɚ ɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɹɞ ɩɨɥɨɜɵɯ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɍ ɫɩɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɬɟɥɚ ɩɨɣɤɢ ɥɨɬɟɪɦɧɨɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɟ – ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɬɟɥɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɋɩɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɠɢɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɵɲɟɪɚɫ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɚɯ ɐɇɋ ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɵɟ ɭ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɲɟɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɩɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɲɨɤɚ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ ɫɩɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ.

Ɍɹɠɟɫɬɶ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɫɩɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɲɨɤɚ ɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ

ɚɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵ ɭ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ – ɨɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɦɢɧɭɬ ɞɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɧɟɞɟɥɶ ɢ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ ɑɟɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɧɚ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɰɟ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɬɟɦ ɪɟɡɱɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɟɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɲɨɤ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɭ ɥɹɝɭɲɤɢ ɫɩɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɲɨɤ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɢɧɭɬɚɦɢ (2–3), ɭ ɩɬɢɰ – ɱɚ ɫɚɦɢ ɭ ɫɨɛɚɤ – ɞɧɹɦɢ ɭ ɨɛɟɡɶɹɧ – ɧɟɞɟɥɹɦɢ ɍ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫɩɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɲɨɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɥɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ

31

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɱɟɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɟɪɜɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɠɢ ɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɦ ɫɢɥɶɧɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɞɟ ɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ

ɉɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɫɩɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɧɚ ɫɩɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɦ ɭɫɬɚ ɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡ ɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɤ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɠɢ «ɫɩɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɹɝɭɲɤɢ» ɩɨɳɢ ɩɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɢɧɰɟɬɨɦ ɭɤɨɥ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɟɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨ ɜɚɥɶɧɨɣɛɭɦɚɝɢ ɫɦɨɱɟɧɧɨɣɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦɫɟɪɧɨɣɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɫɝɢɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɝɢɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɦɵɜɚ

ɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɬɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ

ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɱɢɤɨɦ ɩɢɧɰɟɬɚ ɩɨɞɨɲɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɥɚɩɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɥɚɩɤɢ ɜ ɫɥɚɛɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɦɵɲɰ ɷɬɨɣ ɥɚɩɤɢ – ɨɧɚ ɫɝɢɛɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɚɡɞɪɚ ɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɗɬɨɫɝɢɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɪɟɮɥɟɤɫ. ɋɝɢɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵɧɚɢɡ ɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ – ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ ɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɫɝɢɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨ – ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɜɵɟ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɵ ɤɨɠɢ ɦɵɲɰ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡ ɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɢ – ɨɬ ɦɢɟɥɢɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ Ⱥ ɞɨ ɧɟ ɦɢɟɥɢɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɜɨɥɨɤɨɧɝɪɭɩɩɵɋ Ⱦɥɹɫɝɢɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɨɜɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɫɢɧɚɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɭɬɢ ɤ ɦɨɬɨɧɟɣɪɨɧɚɦ ɢ ɜɨɜɥɟ ɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɹɞɚ ɦɵɲɰ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɞɜɢ ɠɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɨɣ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ

ȿɫɥɢ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɬɵɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɩɚɥɶɰɟɜ ɥɚɩɤɢ ɬɨ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɝɢɛɚ ɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫ ȼɚɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɝɢɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɝɥɚɜ ɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ

ɉɪɢɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɤ ɤɨɠɟ ɛɨɤɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɤ ɡɚɞɧɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨ ɫɬɢ ɛɟɞɪɚ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɥɚɩɨɤ ɫɩɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɹɝɭɲɤɢ ɤɭɫɨɱɤɚ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ ɫɦɨɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɜɥɟɱɟɬ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɨ ɞɹɳɢɯ ɦɵɲɰ ɥɚɩɤɢ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɨɬɢɪɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɢ ɫɛɪɚɫɵ ɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɚɤɬ ɭ ɡɟɦɧɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟ ɮɥɟɤɫɚ ɩɨɬɢɪɚɧɢɹ. ȿɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɦ ɭ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟ ɮɥɟɤɫ. ɉɨɬɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɱɟɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɪɢɬɦɢɱɟ ɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɗɬɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɨ ɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɦɵɲɰ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɬɭɥɨɜɢɳɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɱɟɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɝɢ ɛɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɝɢɛɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɬɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ

32

ɦɵɲɰ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɤɨɠɧɨɣ ɩɨ ɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ

ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɠɢ ɫɩɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɹɝɭɲɤɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɦɢ ɥɚɩɤɚɦɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɭɦɚɝɨɣ ɫɦɨɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɦɵɜɚ ɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫ.

ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬ ɦɟ ɫɬɚ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɨ ɢ ɨɬ ɫɢɥɵ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɹ. ɗɬɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɉɮɥɸɝɟɪɨɦ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ:

1.Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ

2.Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ

3.Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ

4.Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɢɪɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ

5.Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ

Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɤɨɠɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɟ ɚɤɰɢɹ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɦɵɲɰ ɷɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ

Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɢɥɶ ɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɦɵɲɰ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɚ ɟɦɨɣ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨ ɢ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ

Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ: ɨɬɜɟɬɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɚɟɦɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɚ ɱɟɦ ɧɚ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɣ ɉɪɢ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɟɳɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɤɨɧ ɢɪɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɫɨ ɫɬɨ ɪɨɧɵ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɦɵɲɰ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɵɲɰɵ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚɞɧɢɯ ɧɨ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ

ɇɚɤɨɧɟɰ ɩɪɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɟ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɝɟɧɟɪɚ ɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɯ ɦɵɲɟɱɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɬɟɥɚ ɠɢɜɨɬ ɧɨɝɨ

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɢɥɵ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɟ ɚɤɰɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɗɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɡ ɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɬɨɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ ɫɩɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ

ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ ɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɱɟɝɨɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɟɬɫɹɛɨɥɶɲɟɟɱɢɫɥɨɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯɧɟɣɪɨ ɧɨɜ ɍɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɪɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɟɣ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢɪɪɚɞɢ ɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɵ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɞɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɭɸ ɞɟɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ ɉɪɢ

33

ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɫɨɜɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɫɭɦɦɚɰɢɢɜɛɨɥɶɲɟɦɱɢɫɥɟɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜɫɢɧɚɩ ɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɩɨɪɨɝɚɢɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɤɢɯɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɣɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɍɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɢ

ɜɚɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚɯ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɧɚɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɥɢɹ ɧɢɣ

Ɍɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɨ ɬɨɧɟɣɪɨɧɵɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɚɟɦɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɫɩɢɧɧɨɝɨɦɨɡɝɚɜɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɫɟɝɦɟɧ ɬɨɜ ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɨɬɨɧɟɣɪɨɧɵ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫɩɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟ ɮɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɉɪɢ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɪɪɚɞɢɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɨ ɫɩɢɧɧɨɦɭ ɦɨɡɝɭ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɹ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɗɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜ ɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɢɪɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ

Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɪɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɩɢɧɧɨɦ ɦɨɡɝɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ

ɜɟɝɨ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɤɨɥɥɚɬɟɪɚɥɟɣ ɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ

2.2. ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂȿ ȼɊȿɆȿɇɂ ɊȿɎɅȿɄɋȺ ɉɈ ɌɘɊɄɍ

Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɱɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɫ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɨɬɜɟɬɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ, ɢɥɢ ɫɤɪɵ ɬɵɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ

ȼɪɟɦɹ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ

1)ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ

2)ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɩɨ ɚɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɨɦɭ ɩɭɬɢ

3)ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɚ ɤ ɜɫɬɚɜɨɱɧɨɦɭ

4)ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɫ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ ɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɷɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɨɦɭ ɩɭɬɢ

5)ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɯ ɨɤɨɧɱɚ ɧɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɪ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɯ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɪɚ

ɍ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɭɸ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɭɯɨɠɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɤɨɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɫɟɝɨ 20–24 ɦɫɟɤ Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ ɦɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɟɤɚ ɢɥɢ

34

ɹɪɤɨɦ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɝɥɚɡ (36–186 ɦɫɟɤ ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɟɮɥɟɤ ɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɤɪɨɜɟɧɨɫɧɵɯɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɢɩɨɬɨɜɵɯɠɟɥɟɡ ɢɦ ɩɭɥɶɫɵ ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɧɟɪɜɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ Ɍɚɤ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ ɩɨɤɪɚɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɠɢ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 20 ɫɟ ɤɭɧɞ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ

Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ,ɜɪɟɦɹɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚɧɟɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɢɡɚɜɢɫɢɬɨɬɪɹɞɚɩɪɢɱɢɧ

1)ɫɢɥɵ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɢɥɵ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ ɭɤɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ

2)ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɞɭɝɢ

3)ɜɢɞɚ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ ɫɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ

4)ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɐɇɋ ɭɬɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟ ɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɭɯɭɞɲɚɸɳɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɐɇɋ ɭɞɥɢɧɹɸɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ

5)ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ

6)ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɞɪ

Ɂɚɩɨɦɧɢɬɟ ɱɬɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛ ɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɬ ɩɚɥɶɰɵ ɡɚɞɧɟɣ ɥɚɩɤɢ ɥɹɝɭɲɤɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɲɬɚɬɢɜɟ ɜ ɫɨ ɫɭɞ ɫ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (0,5 %) ɢ ɨɬɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɚɯ ɫ ɦɨ ɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɝɢɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ

2.3. ȺɇȺɅɂɁ ɊȿɎɅȿɄɌɈɊɇɈɃ ȾɍȽɂ

Ɂɚɩɨɦɧɢɬɟ ɱɬɨ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɟɣ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ

ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɞɭɝɚ – ɷɬɨ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɛɭɠ ɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɤ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɪɭ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɉɨ ɫɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɞɭɝɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨ ɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɚɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɬɢ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ

ɷɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɨɝɨɧɟɪɜɧɨɝɨɩɭɬɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɢɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣɫɜɹɡɢɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɚɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ

Ɋɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɵ ɥɚɬ receptum – ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ – ɷɬɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɶ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹɜ ɫɥɟ ɞɭɸɳɟɦ 1) ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɪɟɰɟɩ ɬɨɪɵ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɵ ɤ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɸ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɡ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ 2) ɜ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɚɯ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɞɪɚ ɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɸ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ

35

ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡ ɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɧɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɚ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚ ɫɬɢ ɬɟɥɚ ɋɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɬɟɥɚ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨ ɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ

ɪɟɰɟɩɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɟɦ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ Ⱥɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɞɭɝɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧ ɚɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɧɟɣɪɨ

ɧɨɦ ɬɟɥɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɩɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɚɧɝɥɢɹɯ ɢɥɢ ɝɚɧ ɝɥɢɹɯɱɟɪɟɩɧɵɯɧɟɪɜɨɜ ȼɚɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɨɦɩɭɬɢɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɤɨɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɜɯɨɞɹɳɟɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɐɇɋ – ɤ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɦɭ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ

Ʉɨɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɟɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɤɨɞ

– ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ – ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɜɨɢɱɧɵɦ ɤɨ ɞɨɦ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ©ɡɚɥɩɚª ©ɩɚɱɟɤª ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɜ ɬɨɬ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɦɨ ɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɦ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɟ

ȼɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɞɭɝɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɣɧɟɪɜɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ. ɋ ɚɧɚɬɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ – ɷɬɨ ɫɤɨɩ ɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɐɇɋ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɨɫɭ ɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɤɨɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚ ɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ II–IV ɩɨɹɫɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɚ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɩɨɞɨɲɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ – ɜ I–II ɤɪɟɫɬɰɨɜɵɯ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɫɩɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɉɨɞɨɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧ ɬɪɚɤɚɤɭɡɤɨɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦɨɡɝɚ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨ ɧɨɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ Ɉɧɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɐɇɋ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Ɉɧɨ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹ ɰɢɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɦ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɚɤɬɟ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɭɡɤɨɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɧɨ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɪɭ ɝɢɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɡɛɪɨɫɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɐɇɋ

ɋ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ – ɷɬɨ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ©ɚɧɫɚɦɛɥɶª ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɐɇɋ ɧɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨ ɜɚɧɧɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɉɪɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɮɢ ɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɩɢɧɧɨɦ ɦɨɡɝɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɝɨɜɚɬɨɦ ɝɢɩɨɬɚɥɚɦɭɫɟ ɤɨɪɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɣ

ɗɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɞɭɝɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧ ɷɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɧɟɣɪɨ ɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɯ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɢɡ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɤ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ

36

ɗɮɮɟɤɬɨɪ – ɪɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɯ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɯ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ ɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɞɭɝɢ ɗɮɮɟɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɦɵɲɰɵ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɧɵɟ ɝɥɚɞ ɤɢɟ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ

ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣɞɭɝɢɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɛɪɚɬɧɚɹɫɜɹɡɶ ɨɛ ɪɚɬɧɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɚɹ ɚɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɚ ɜɨɡɛɭɠ ɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɟ ɇɟɪɜɧɵɟ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɵ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɭɠɟ ɨɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɜ ɐɇɋ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɟɩɪɟ ɪɵɜɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɮɥɟɤ ɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ

Ɉ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɧɚ ɠɢɜɨɬ ɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɪɟɡɤɨɣ ɜɫɟɯ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɟɪɜɨɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɞ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɟɣ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ɍɚɤ ɭ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɩɪɨɩɪɢɨɰɟɩɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɯɨɞɶɛɚ ɭɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɩɥɚɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɚ ɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɩɨɪɵɜɢɫɬɵɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɛɵ ɧɟɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɪɵɜɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɡ ɤɨɝɨ ɬɨɥɱɤɚ ɗɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɟɪɜɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɬɪɚɱɢ ɜɚɟɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɚɞ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ

ȼɬɨɪɢɱɧɚɹ ɚɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɨ ɢ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɵɯɚ ɧɢɹ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɨɜɹɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɚɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɢɦ ɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɨɬ ɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɵɯ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ ɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ – ɨɬ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ ɢ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɟɦɨɪɟ ɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ Ɍɚɤ ɞɟɧɟɪɜɚɰɢɹ ɚɨɪɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɢɧɨɤɚɪɨɬɢɞɧɨɣ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɝɢɩɟɪɬɨɧɢɢ – ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟ ɧɢɸ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɬ ɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɬɢɩ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɞɭɝɚ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɬɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɡɚ

ɦɤɧɭɬɵɣ ɜ ɤɨɥɶɰɨ

Ɋɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɞɭɝɢ ɩɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦɢ ɦɨɧɨɫɢɧɚɩɬɢ ɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɢɫɢɧɚɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ . ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪ ɧɨɣ ɞɭɝɢ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɞɜɚ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɚ – ɚɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ

37

ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɢɧ ɫɢɧɚɩɫ ɉɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɞɭɝɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɮɥɟɤ ɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɞɭɝɢ ɫɭɯɨɠɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɤɨɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ. Ɋɟɮɥɟɤ ɬɨɪɧɵɟɞɭɝɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɨɜɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɫɥɨɠɧɵɦɢ ɜɢɯɫɨɫɬɚɜɜɯɨɞɹɬɬɪɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɚ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɚɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɫɬɚɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɪɟɧɬ ɧɵɣ.

ɉɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɭ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɞɭɝɢ ɫɨɦɚɬɢɱɟ ɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɨɜ ȼ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɞɭɝɟ ɫɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɧɚɹ ɦɵɲɰɚ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ – ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɝɥɚɞɤɚɹ ɦɵɲɰɚ ɦɢɨɤɚɪɞ

Ɂɚɩɨɦɧɢɬɟ ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ

1)ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɫɜɟɪɯɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ

2)ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɞɭɝɢ

ɉɪɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɞɭɝɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɟɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɢ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ ɧɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ

2.4. ȼɂȾɕ ȻȿɁɍɋɅɈȼɇɕɏ ɊȿɎɅȿɄɋɈȼ

ȼɚɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɚɟɦɵɯ ɪɟ ɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɷɤɫɬɟɪɨɰɟɩɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɨɰɟɩɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɩɪɢɨɰɟɩɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ

1. ɗɤɫɬɟɪɨɰɟɩɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ – ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɚɝɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɯɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɨɧɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɤɭɫɨɜɵɯ ɬɚɤɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɤɨɠɢ ɢ ɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɵɯ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɟɤ Ɂɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɷɤɫ ɬɟɪɨɰɟɩɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟ ɚɤɰɢɢ ɧɨɫɹɳɢɟ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫ ɨɬɞɟɪɝɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɜɨɟ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɠɢ ɪɭɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɨɝɢ

Ɉɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɜ ɷɤɫɬɟɪɨɰɟɩɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɨ-ɩɨɥɨɫɚɬɵɟ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɧɵɟ ɦɵɲɰɵ ɫɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧ ɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ Ɍɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɤ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɷɤɫɬɟɪɨɰɟɩɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɞɟɪɦɨɜɢɫɰɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ, ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɞɪɚ ɠɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɤɨɠɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɇɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɹɞɚ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɠɢ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɥɹɯ ɜɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ

38

ȼɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɵɯɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɯ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɫɥɟ ɞɭɸɬ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟ ɧɢɢ ɤɨɠɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹ ɩɨ ɧɟɣ ɬɭɩɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɍ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɡɞɨ ɪɨɜɵɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɫɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɨɥ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟɧɟɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɨɛɥɟɞɧɟɧɢɹɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɚɟɦɨɝɨɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɤɨɠɢ(ɛɟɥɵɣɞɟɪ ɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɡɦ). ɉɪɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɚɫɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɨɤɚɣɦɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɥɟɞɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɨɫɚɦɢ ɫɭɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨ ɫɭɞɨɜ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɞɟɪɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɡɦ), ɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ – ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɠɢ ɟɟ ɨɬɟɤ

2. ɂɧɬɟɪɨɰɟɩɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ – ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɨɪɟ ɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɟɫɫɨ-, ɦɟɯɚɧɨ-, ɯɟɦɨ-, ɨɫɦɨɢɬɟɪɦɨɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯɜɨɜɫɟɯ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ Ɂɚɫɱɟɬɷɬɢɯɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɨɜɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɜɹɡɶɦɟɠɞɭɨɬɞɟɥɶ ɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ Ʉ ɢɧɬɟɪɨɰɟɩɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚɦ ɨɬɧɨ ɫɹɬɫɹ ɜɢɫɰɟɪɨ-ɜɢɫɰɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɢɫɰɟɪɨ-ɦɵɲɟɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɢɫɰɟɪɨ-ɞɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ.

ȼɢɫɰɟɪɨ-ɜɢɫɰɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ – ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡ ɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯɜɨɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɢɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ Ʉ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɜɢɫɰɟɪɨ-ɜɢɫɰɟ ɪɚɥɶɧɵɯɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɨɜɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɧɭɫɚ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɤɪɨɜɟɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɥɟɡɟɧɤɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɧɢ ɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɚɨɪɬɟ ɤɚɪɨɬɢɞɧɨɦ ɫɢɧɭɫɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɟɪɞɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɥɟɝɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɚɯ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɛɪɸɲɧɨɣɩɨ ɥɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɧɤɨɝɨ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɝɥɚɞɤɨɣ ɦɭɫɤɭɥɚ ɬɭɪɵ ɦɨɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɭɡɵɪɹ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɮɢɧɤɬɟɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɩɭɡɵɪ ɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ

ȼɢɫɰɟɪɨ-ɦɵɲɟɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ – ɷɬɨ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ ɫ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨ-ɩɨɥɨɫɚɬɭɸ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɧɭɸ ɦɭɫɤɭɥɚɬɭɪɭ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɢɝɚ ɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɦɵɲɰ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɛɪɸɲɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɦɵɲɰ ɪɚɡɝɢɛɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɩɢɧɵ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɚɮɪɚɝɦɵ ɢ ɦɵɲɰ ɛɪɸɲɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɫɫɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɭɡɵɪɹ ɢ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɤɢɲɤɢ ɪɚɫɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɵɲɰ ɛɪɸɲɧɨɝɨɩɪɟɫɫɚɩɪɢɪɚɫɬɹɠɟɧɢɢɠɟɥɭɞɤɚɩɢɳɟɣɢɞɪɭɝɢɟ ȼɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɪɚɤ ɬɢɤɟ ɜɢɫɰɟɪɨ-ɦɵɲɟɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɹɞɟ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ ɇɚɩɪɢ ɦɟɪ 1) ɩɪɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɦ ɚɩɩɟɧɞɢɰɢɬɟ ɪɟɡɤɚɹ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɨɳɭɩɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɜɡɞɨɲɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɵɲɰ ɧɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧ ɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɦɹɝɤɨɫɬɢ ɛɪɸɲ ɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɜ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɚ 2) ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɢɬɨɧɢɬɟ ɛɨɥɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɚ

39

ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɦ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɵɲɰ ɛɪɸɲɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɫɫɚ ɦɵɲɰɵ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɞɨɫɤɚ

ȼɢɫɰɟɪɨ-ɞɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɬɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟ ɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɠɢ ɢ ɤɨɠɧɨɣ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɬɟɥɚɤɚɤɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɧɚɞɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɬɚɤɢɜ ɨɬɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɤɨɠɢ ɡɨɧɵ Ɂɚɯɚɪɶɢɧɚ – Ƚɟɞɚ Ɍɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɫɜɹ ɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɠɧɨɣ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɤɨɠɢ ɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɚ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧ Ɏɟɧɨɦɟɧ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɢ ɤɨɠɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɨɥɢ.

3. ɉɪɨɩɪɢɨɰɟɩɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ– ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɞɪɚ ɠɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɦɵɲɰɟ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɧɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫɜɹɡɤɚɯ ɫɭɯɨɠɢɥɢɹɯ ɨɤɨɥɨɫɭɫɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɫɭɦɤɚɯ ɧɚɞɤɨɫɬɧɢɰɟ

Ⱥɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɩɪɢɨɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɬɹɠɟɧɢɟɭɞɥɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɵɲɰɵ ɩɪɢ ɟɟ ɪɚɫɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɢ ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɯɨɠɢɥɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɭɤɨɪɨ ɱɟɧɢɢ ɦɵɲɰɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɫɬɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɚ ɩɪɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɯɜɫɭɫɬɚɜɚɯ ȼɨɬɜɟɬɧɚɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɩɪɨɩɪɢɨɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɫɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɦɵɲɰ – ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɛɨ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ

Ʉ ɩɪɨɩɪɢɨɰɟɩɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ ɫ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɟɫɬɢɛɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɢ ɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɹɦɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɜɪɚɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɥɨɜɵ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɬɭɥɨɜɢɳɭ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɥɚ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ Ɂɟɦɥɟ

ɉɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɦɵɲɟɱɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɮɚɡɧɵɟ ɢ ɬɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɨɰɟɩɬɢɜɧɵɟɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ ɱɬɨɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɢɯɪɨɥɶɜɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɮɭɧɤ ɰɢɣ Ɍɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɸ ɦɵɲɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɧɭɫɚ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɵ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɥɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ Ɍɨɧɢ ɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɧɵɯ ɦɵɲɰ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɮɨɧɨɜɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɮɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ Ɏɚɡɧɵɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ ɨɛɟɫ ɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɥɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨ ɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɬɭɥɨɜɢɳɭ

ɉɪɨɩɪɢɨɰɟɩɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɢ ɫɩɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɢ ɫɬɜɨɥɚ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɂɯ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɞɭɝɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦɢ ɦɨɧɨɫɢɧɚɩ ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɢɫɢɧɚɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ

40