Иностранный язык (Английский). Практикум

МИНИCTEPCTBO ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ АВТОНОМНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

«СЕВЕРО-КАВКАЗСКИЙ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»

ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК (АНГЛИЙСКИЙ)

ПРАКТИКУМ

Направление подготовки 39.03.02 Социальная работа

Профили подготовки: «Социальная работа в системе социальных служб», «Социальное обслуживание и стандартизация социальных услуг»

Бакалавриат

Ставрополь

2017

Содержание

Предисловие . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Unit 1. COUNTRIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Unit 2. CULTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Unit 3. EDUCATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Unit 4. AMERICANS, BRITISH, RUSSIANS AND THEIR MEALS . . . . . 36 Unit 5. PLACES OF INTEREST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Unit 6. HOLIDAYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Unit 7. POLITICAL SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Unit 8. NATIONAL LIFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

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Unit 24. WOMEN EMPLOYMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Unit 25. GENDER DISCRIMINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

GRAMMAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Литература . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

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Предисловие

Пособие подготовлено в соответствии с требованиями программы по дисциплине «Иностранный язык для неязыковых вузов» и предназначено для студентов 1–2 курсов, обучающихся по направлению подготовки 39.03.02 Социальная работа. Включает лексико-грамматическую часть

(Part I, Part II, Part III) и грамматический справочник (Grammar).

Цель пособия заключается в формировании у студентов профессио- нально-значимых речевых навыков понимания, извлечения, обработки и воспроизведения информации.

Основой пособия послужили адаптированные и неадаптированные тексты на английском языке, взятые из оригинальных зарубежных публикаций последних лет и интернет-ресурсов. Данные материалы различны по степени языковой трудности. Тексты представлены в градации от начального этапа обучения до более высокого уровня языковой подготовки.

Структура пособия включает тексты общей и профессиональной направленности, упражнения и практические задания комплексного характера для закрепления основных знаний по тематике соответствующего урока, что предполагает реализацию общекультурной компетенции: владение коммуникативно-речевой культурой в устной и письменной формах на русском и иностранном языках для решения задач межличностного и межкультурного взаимодействия и самообразования (ОК-2).

Важную роль в формировании данной компетенции играют практические занятия. Они призваны обогащать теоретические знания обучающихся, будить их творческую активность и приближать к практической жизни и будущей работе. Особое значение практические занятия имеют еще и потому, что при проведении практических работ формируются не только профессиональные умения и навыки, но и развиваются следующие способности:

–понимание и перевод литературы по специальности с английского языка на русский;

–развитие навыков устной речи на английском языке;

–закрепление лексического и грамматического материала при помощи различных упражнений;

–выработка умения аннотировать и реферировать прочитанный материал;

–применение научной терминологии и основных научных категорий, формировать общие модели анализа по соответствующим дисциплинам;

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–практическое владение системой английского языка и принципами

еефункционирования применительно к различным сферам речевой коммуникации, речевого воздействия;

–ведение беседы по прочитанному или прослушанному тексту, правильно используя лексический и грамматический минимум;

–краткая передача содержания текста, анализ текста, его характеристика;

–чтение про себя и понимание без перевода на русский язык оригинального текста средней трудности профессиональной направленности и публицистического жанра;

–написание орфографически правильно в пределах активного лексического минимума.

Пособие реализует личностно-ориентированный подход к обучению, развивает самостоятельность студента,

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PART I

COUNTRIES, CULTURES, PEOPLE

Unit 1

COUNTRIES

Цель занятия: развитие лексических навыков; развитие и совершенствование коммуникативных навыков.

В результате изучения темы студент должен:

–знать терминологию по теме занятия;

–уметь применять на практике лексику, необходимую для беседы с англоязычным партнером; работать в паре;

–владеть навыками диалогической речи, необходимыми в межличностном и межкультурном общении на иностранном языке (ОК-2).

Актуальность темы: знание базовой лексики необходимо для эффективного межкультурного и межличностного общения на иностранном языке.

Теоретическая часть

▪ The Russian Federation

The Russian Federation emerged as a great power in the early twen- ty-first century, also considered to be an energy superpower. The country is considered the Soviet Union’s successor state in diplomatic matters, and is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council.

The Russian Federation stretches across much of the north of the supercontinent of Eurasia. Because of its size, Russia displays both monotony and diversity. As with its topography, its climates, vegetation, and soils span vast distances.

Russia shares land borders with the following countries: Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It is also close to the United States (the state of Alaska), Sweden, and Japan across relatively small stretches of water (the Bering Strait, the Baltic Sea, and La Perouse Strait, respectively).

Russia has an extensive coastline along the Arctic and the Pacific Oceans, as well as the Baltic, the Black and the Caspian seas. Some smaller bodies of water are part of the open oceans; the Barents Sea, the White Sea, the Kara Sea, the Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Sea are part of the Arctic, whereas the Bering Sea, the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan

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belong to the Pacific Ocean. With access to three of the world’s oceans – the Atlantic, the Arctic, and the Pacific – Russian fishing fleets are a major contributor to the economy.

With an area of 17,075,400 square kilometers Russia is by far the largest country in the world, covering almost twice the total area of the next-larg- est country, Canada, and has significant mineral and energy resources.

Most of the land consists of broad plain with low hills west of the Urals, and vast plains in Siberia. These plains are predominantly steppe to the southand heavily forestedto thenorth, with tundraalong thenortherncoast.

Mountain ranges are found along the southern borders, such as the Caucasus (containing Mount Elbrus, Russia’s and Europe’s highest point at 5642 meters), and the Altai, and in the eastern parts, such as the Verkhoyansk Range or the volcanoes on Kamchatka. The more central Ural Mountains, a north-south range that form the primary division between Europe and Asia, are also notable.

Russia has a largely continental climate because of its sheer size and compact configuration. In much of the territory there are only two distinct seasons – winter and summer – spring and autumn are usually brief periods of change between extremely low and extremely high temperatures. The climates of both European and Asian Russia are continental except for the tundra and the extreme southeast. Winters vary from cool along the Black Sea coast to frigid in Siberia, while summers vary from warm in the steppes to cool along the Arctic coast. A small part of the Black Sea coast around Sochi is considered in Russia to have subtropical climate.

Russia has thousands of rivers and inland bodies of water, providing it with one of the world’s largest surface-water resources. The most prominent of Russia’s bodies of fresh water is Lake Baikal, the world’s deepest and most capacious freshwater lake. Truly unique on the Earth, Baikal is home to more than 1700 species of plants and animals, two thirds of which can be found nowhere else in the world. Of 100,000 Russian rivers, the Volga River is the most famous – not only because it is the longest river in Europe but also because of its major role in the Russian history.

Russia has major deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, timber and many strategic minerals. Russia has the world’s largest forest reserves, which supply lumber, pulp and paper, and raw material for woodworking industries.

Moscow is the capital and the country’s economic, financial, educational, and transportation center.

▪ The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK) occupies most of the territory of the British Isles. It consists of four main parts:

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PART I. COUNTRIES, CULTURES, PEOPLE

England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the official name of the state which is sometimes referred to as Great Britain (after its major island), England (after its major historic part) or the British Isles.

The UK is one of the world’s smaller countries (it is twice smaller than Spain and France) with an area of some 244.100 square kilometers. The UK is situated on the west coast of Europe between the Atlantic Ocean on the northwest and the North Sea on the east and it is separated from the European continent by the English Channel (or La Manche) and the Strait of Dover (or Pas de Calais).

The population of the UK is 65 million people. There are twenty other countries in the world with a larger population.

English is not the only language which people use in the UK, English is the official language. But some people speak Gaelic in western Scotland, Welsh in some parts of northern and central Wales.

The flag of the United Kingdom, known as Union Jack, is made up of three crosses. The upright red cross is the cross of St. George, the patron saint of England. The white diagonal cross is the one of St. Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland. The red diagonal cross is the cross of St. Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland.

Of the four parts which make up Great Britain England is the largest, industrial and most populated part of the United Kingdom. Over 53 million people of the population of the UK live in England.

The greatest concentrations of population are in London, Birmingham and northwest industrial cities. The coasts of England are washed by the North Sea, the Irish Sea, the English Channel and the Strait of Dover. No part of England is more than 120 kilometers from the sea.

It is interesting to note that the sea has always played an important role in the history of England. It was a good protection against the attacks of outside peoples. Fishing has always been an important industry especially in the east. The sea also has a great effect on England’s climate.

There are many rivers in England. The longest is the Severn (354 km), the most important is the Thames (346 km). The rivers are of great importance for the communication and especially for carrying goods.

England is mostly a lowland country. There are upland regions in the north and the southwest, but the rest of England is almost flat.

Each part of England: Northern England, the Midlands and Southern England are different. The Lake District in northern England with its lakes, mountains and valleys is a favourite holiday area. On either side of the Apennines the plains of Yorkshire and Lancashire stretch to the sea. In Yorkshire

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swift rivers flow down from the hills into valleys called «dales». The wool industry is centered in Leeds and Bradford, the cotton industry in Manchester, iron ore goes to the steel, heavy machinery and shipbuilding industries of Newcastle and other cities. The industries of the Midlands, with Birmingham as its chief city, produce metal goods, from motor cars and railway engines to pins and buttons. The Midland plain makes good farmland.

In Southern England are found some of the oldest British settlements and traces of ancient monuments such as Stonehenge.

▪ The USA

The United States of America form a state which has existed only since 1776.

The country is situated in the North American continent and washed by the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. The territory of the state is about 9 363 million square kilometres.

The western half of the territory is occupied by mountain ranges and plateaus. The Rocky Mountains are the highest mountains of the country with the peaks Mount McKinley in Alaska, Mount Rainier in the state of Washington, Mount Shasta in California. The Appalachian Mountains go along the eastern coast washed by the Atlantic. Their highest peak is Mitchell.

The biggest lakes are the Great Lakes (Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario). Great Salt Lake in the state of Utah is also known. The longest river is the Mississippi with the Missouri and the Ohio, the Columbia, the Colorado and the Yukon (in Alaska). There are many national parks and monuments (Grand Canyon, Death Valley, Big Bend, Everglades).

The USA borders on Canada in the north and on Mexico in the south. It has a sea-border with Russia.

The USA is rich in mineral resources such as coal, gas, oil and metals. The climate of the country is mostly continental, temperate or subtropical. The winter temperature varies from 25 below zero in Alaska to 20 degrees above zero in Florida. In summer the average temperature is about 20 to 25 degrees above zero.

The country is a federative republic which consists of 50 states and District of Columbia, where Washington, D.C., the capital of the country, is situated. The head of the country is the President, who is elected every four years. Every state has its own Constitution and the system of power. The supreme legislative organ is Congress of the US. The members of Congress are called congressmen. Congress consists of two chambers – the House of Representatives and the Senate.

The main law of the USA is the Constitution. It was created and adapted in Philadelphia in 1787.

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