Иностранный язык (Английский). Практикум

PART II. SOCIAL WORK

ernment is going to transfer 120,000 children from institutions into families every year from 2007 until 2010 and reduce the number of residential care institutions by one-third (Nesterova 2007). But the likelihood of family placement is small, with the exception of the adoption of infants without serious pathologies, and the attempts of precipitant de-institutionalization (when children’s homes are closed and children are distributed among families) have failed (children were returned into children homes). According to the opinion of the Ministry, the key obstacle to effective de-institutionalization is the lack of professionals in adoption and foster care (Vazhdaeva 2006).

There are three related tasks for achieving not only de-institutionaliza- tion, but creating a better care system for children:

•prevention of orphanhood, that is, intervention with biological families at risk such as birth of the child with special needs, poverty, and prevention of secondary orphanhood;

•the development of family placement and kinship care; and

•humanization of the institutions, that is providing dignified, rightsbased care and de-stigmatizing institutionalized children.

Creating a better system is a task that requires the participation of helping specialists, but the context of social work development in Russia and the organizational design of the residential care system produce a number of barriers for social work and other helping professionals in the system. So a primary task of social workers will be to identify these obstacles and redefine the role of social work in the process of de-institutionalization and service improvement.

5.Summarize the idea of the texts.

6.Answer the questions:

1.Who are the urban homeless?

2.Why there were no homeless in the Soviet era?

3.What have private charities in Russian suffered from?

4.What will the quality of future Russian society depend on?

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UNIT 18

ELDERLY AND DISABLED PEOPLE

Цель занятия: развитие лексических навыков; повторение грамматического материала; развитие коммуникативных навыков с целью преодоления языковых барьеров в разговоре на английском языке.

В результате изучения темы студент должен:

–знать новую лексику по теме;

–уметь применить изученную лексику в процессе общения; работать в паре;

–владеть навыками диалогической речи; языковыми и предметными знаниями, необходимыми в межличностном и межкультурном общении на иностранном языке (ОК-2).

Актуальность темы: умение понять собеседника и поддержать разговор необходимо для эффективного межкультурного и межличностного общения в профессиональной деятельности.

Теоретическая часть

▪ Disabled People in Sweden

The Swedish living standard is high compared with many other countries. Disabled people should thus be able to live a good life in Sweden, at least in material terms. In many respects it should be possible to prevent handicaps and reduce their impact on individuals and on society. The disabled should be in a position to live an active life, be treated as equals, and participate fully in public life. Is this actually the case?

What do we mean by handicaps?

In Sweden, when we speak of handicaps, we mean a wide variety of conditions. "Handicap" is a concept covering a broad spectrum of definitions. It may refer to the condition of an individual. It may also mean that factors in people's environment cause them to be handicapped, or it may allude to combinations of these conditions. Handicaps may be related both to individuals and environments.

Handicap is a collective concept. It is generally used in legislation and in other contexts as a label for phenomena or characteristics and for certain people as individuals or in groups. Handicaps and the handicapped, i.e. handicapped people, are commonly occurring labels in the Swedish language.

It is frequently necessary for us to indicate which people are being referred to in specific contexts. The label "handicap" determines the thrust of programs aimed particularly at certain people.

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On the other hand, the concept of "handicap'' does not tell very much about what characteristics or other conditions are associated with the fact that a person is handicapped. The concept is far too ambiguous and all-em- bracing for that. A handicap is a condition or state which may have been caused by a large number of illnesses, by accidents, or by conditions in society as a whole or in the immediate environment. When it comes to describing a person and his or her situation, the term "handicapped" provides little guidance.

The label "handicapped"—the fact that someone is described as a handicapped person in relation to other people—may also entail a segregation of people into categories: one category of people without illnesses, defects, and imperfections, and another category of people known as "the handicapped" with all kinds of such problems. When the concept is used in this fashion, it has a negative, depersonalizing effect that creates high barriers between these people and ordinary human concerns.

Being handicapped may thus imply being considered a special kind of person who is not automatically a member of the general community. It may imply that one's needs and desires are regarded as manifestations beyond ordinary human ones; compared with the needs of others, they are conditional and dependent upon the transitory benevolence of society.

A concept as ambiguous as "handicap" is obviously interpreted in different ways. The definitions are frequently dependent on the context. In Sweden we say that a person is handicapped if he or she has major difficulties in daily life for physical or psychological reasons. Thus we use definitions in which a handicap is regarded more as the result of conditions in a person's environment than as something caused by a defect in the individual. Such an interpretation implies that everyone bears a responsibility to work for improved conditions, both in Sweden as a whole and in people's immediate environment. At the same time, we use the concepts of "handicap" and "the handicapped" in daily speech as synonymous with functional disabilities and the people who have them.

Vocabulary Notes

1.allude to – ссылаться на

2.ambiguousдвусмысленный

3.benevolence of society –доброжелательность общества

4.depersonalizing effect –эффект лишающий личности

5.disabled people – инвалиды, люди с физическими или умственными недостатками

6.functional disability – функциональная неспособность

7.handicap – физический или умственный недостаток

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8.impact on individual – влияние на личность

9.imperfections – дефект, недостаток

10.legislation – законодательство

11.living standard – уровень жизни

Вопросы и задания

1.Read and translate the text.

2.Give Russian equivalents to the following words and phrases

living standard, disabled people, prevent handicaps, peoples environment, legislation, ambiguous and all-embracing, to entail into categories, imperfection, depersonalizing effect, a member of community, physical and psychological reasons, to bear a responsibility, functional disabilities.

3. Give English equivalents to the following words and phrases

инвалид, уровень жизни, жить нормальной жизнью, уменьшать влияние на общество, обращаться как с равными, состояние человека, человеческое окружение, большое количество заболеваний, категория людей с недостатками, эффект лишающий личности, создавать барьер.

4. Match the words with its definitions

5. Complete the sentences with the phrases from the text

1."…" is a concept covering a broad spectrum of definitions.

2.We say that a person is … if he or she has major difficulties in daily life for physical or … reasons.

3.The Swedish … is high compared with many other countries.

4.In many respects it should be possible to … handicaps and reduce their … on individuals and on society.

5.The concept is far too ambiguous and … for that.

6.Translate the Russian sentences into English

1.Уровень жизни в Швеции сравним со многими другими странами.

2.В Швеции мы называем человека инвалидом, если у него или нее есть проблемы в повседневной жизни по физическим или психологическим причинам.

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3.Инвалиды должны жить нормальной жизнью в Швеции, по крайней мере, в материальном отношении.

4.Физически или умственно неполноценный – это состояние, причиной которого может быть большое количество заболеваний, несчастные случаи или условия общества.

5.Мы используем концепт “увечье” или “физически неполноценный”

вповседневной жизни как синоним для “функционально неспособный”.

7.Summarize the idea of the text

8.Answer the questions:

1.What do we mean of handicaps in Sweden?

2.Is handicap a collective concept? Why?

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UNIT 19

HANDICAPPED PEOPLE

Цель занятия: развитие лексических навыков; повторение грамматического материала; развитие коммуникативных навыков с целью преодоления языковых барьеров в разговоре на английском языке.

В результате изучения темы студент должен:

–знать новую лексику по теме;

–уметь применить изученную лексику в процессе общения; работать в паре;

–владеть навыками диалогической речи; языковыми и предметными знаниями, необходимыми в межличностном и межкультурном общении на иностранном языке (ОК-2).

Актуальность темы: умение понять собеседника и поддержать разговор необходимо для эффективного межкультурного и межличностного общения в профессиональной деятельности.

Теоретическая часть

▪ Who is handicapped?

The broad nature of the "handicap" concept in ordinary speech means that people with various kinds of functional disabilities are referred to as handicapped. They include the mentally retarded, people with seeing and hearing disabilities, the mobility-disabled, people with chronic or long-term illnesses, the mentally ill, and people with multiple disabilities. We also refer to people as being handicapped in particular contexts, such as the vocationally handicapped.

There are an estimated 1.5 million disabled people in Sweden. This should be seen in relation to our population, which is now approximately 8.3 million. The figure on the number of disabled is very uncertain, however. It increases or decreases depending on how we assess impairments of physical and mental abilities and how we define the standards to be fulfilled.

As for the numbers who are classified as disabled solely on the basis of injury or illness, we usually say that about 80,000 are mentally retarded, and of these roughly 35,000 are registered under the Act on Provisions for Mentally Retarded Persons. An estimated 70,000 people have impaired vision. About 330,000 have impaired hearing. The number of mobility-disabled people is put at roughly 380,000 and about 120,000 of them use technical aids to move about. People whose working capacity is reduced as the result of long-term illness are believed to number approximately 600,000.

As mentioned above, the way of defining disabilities affects these figures. There is no comprehensive report on the occurrence of disabilities in

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Sweden. Attempts have been made to obtain such information in connection with the national census. They have failed. The estimates that are made are based on nat80ional statistical studies of people's health and living conditions. Other figures are based on the number of people with disabilities who are registered in particular contexts. This applies, for instance, to the nationwide health check-up given to all children aged 4, and to the statistics kept by the National Labor Market Administration regarding job applicants with disabilities. As for the mentally retarded, all of those receiving the care available to them by law are registered. The disabled people's organizations provide additional data on which we can base our estimates.

The available data does not tell us much about trends. On the one hand, we can admittedly observe that medical progress is reducing the incidence of disabilities caused by specific diseases. Polio, for example, has now been entirely eradicated in Sweden. At the same time, the number of disabled people tends to rise because they survive longer than before, as a result of better methods of treatment and other medical efforts. In addition, a growing number of people are injured in traffic accidents or in other kinds of mishaps directly related to social developments. The decline in the number of people now becoming disabled thanks to better medical care and other factors is thus reduced or even perhaps outweighed by other factors that increase the number of disability cases. As a consequence, we do not really know whether the number of disabled people in Sweden is rising or falling.

Existing data merely indicates the people who have a disability or handicap. It tells little about the number of people living in a handicap situation. Aside from handicapped people themselves, many relatives or friends are affected by such a situation. The disabled and the handicapped are thus not an inconsequential minority. What we refer to in everyday speech as "handicap issues" affect most of the people in Sweden in some way. Only a small number of people can be regarded as spending their lives without any contact whatsoever with disabilities or handicaps, either their own or those of other people.

In describing what it is like to be a disabled person in Sweden, different points of departure may be used. One is to try and see whether (and in what respects) the situation of disabled people is the same as that of other people, very broadly speaking. This implies examining whether disabled people partake of the Swedish standard of living under reasonable conditions.

Vocabulary Notes

1.caused by – причиненный

2.disability – нетрудоспособность, инвалидность

3.eradicate – искоренять

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4.impaired hearing – ослабленный слух

5.impaired vision – ослабленное зрение

6.medical care – медицинское обслуживание

7.mentally retarded – умственно отсталый

8.polio – полиомиелит

9.receive the care – получать помощь

10.survive – выживать

11.traffic accidents – дорожное происшествие

12.vocational – профессиональный

Вопросы и задания

1.Read and translate the text.

2.Give Russian equivalents to the following words and phrases

Mentally retarded, seeing and hearing disabilities, mobility-disabled,

vocationally handicapped, disabled people, to assess impairments, injury or illness, impaired vision, impaired hearing, to use technical aids, working capacity, health and living conditions, nationwide health check-up, job applicants, to receive the care, medical progress, specific diseases, polio, to eradicate, methods of treatment, injured in traffic accidents, social developments, medical care, handicap, functional disability.

3. Give English equivalents to the following words and phrases

статистика, метод лечения, выживать, получить травму в дорожном происшествии,социальноеразвитие,существующиеданные,нетрудоспособность, ослабленное зрение, искоренять, функциональная беспомощность, умственно отсталый, определять ухудшение, работоспособность, получать уход, социальное развитие, ослабленный слух, использовать технические средства.

4. Match the words with its definitions.

5. Complete the sentences with the phrases from the text.

1.We also refer to people as being handicapped in particular contexts, such as the … handicapped.

2.Existing data merely indicates the people who have a disability or ….

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3.An estimated 70,000 people have … vision.

4.The estimates that are made are based on national statistical studies of people's health and living ….

5.Polio, for example, has now been entirely … in Sweden.

6.Translate the Russian sentences into English

1.Они включают в себя умственно отсталых, людей, лишенных зрения и слуха, парализованных, людей с хроническими заболеваниями и людей с многими лишениями.

2.Растущее число людей, получивших травмы в дорожных происшествиях напрямую связаны с социальным развитием.

3.В Швеции, например, полностью искоренен полиомиелит.

4.Около 70000 людей утратили зрение, и около 330000 слух.

5.Приведенная оценка основывается на статистические изучение здоровья и жилищных условий людей.

7.Summarize the idea of the text

8.Answer the questions:

1.What is the broad nature of the "handicap" concept?

2.What is the number of disabled people in Sweden?

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UNIT 20

CHILD CARE

Цель занятия: развитие лексических навыков; повторение грамматического материала; развитие коммуникативных навыков с целью преодоления языковых барьеров в разговоре на английском языке.

В результате изучения темы студент должен:

–знать новую лексику по теме;

–уметь применить изученную лексику в процессе общения; работать в паре;

–владеть навыками диалогической речи; языковыми и предметными знаниями, необходимыми в межличностном и межкультурном общении на иностранном языке (ОК-2).

Актуальность темы: умение понять собеседника и поддержать разговор необходимо для эффективного межкультурного и межличностного общения в профессиональной деятельности.

Теоретическая часть

▪ Children

Children are youngsters who are under the legal age of responsibility or emancipation. In most states this age is 18 years. Social workers deal with children having different problems. There are some groups of children who need care and supervision of specialists. These are runaway children, exceptional children, adultified children, stolen children, latchkey children, home alone children, thrown away children and many others.

A runaway child is a minor who has departed the home of his or her parents or legal guardians contrary to their wishes and who intends to remain independent of their control. The federal government maintains a National Runaway Hotline to help these youngsters and possibly reunite them with their parents.

«Exceptional children» is a designation applied to dependent youngsters who, because of unusual mental, physical, or social abilities or limitations, require extraordinary forms of education, social experience, or treatment. These children include mentally retarded youngsters who can benefit from educational training facilities designed to help them reach their potential. Other such children may be those with physical disabilities and deformities, mental disorders, special talents, very high intelligence, or unusual physical abilities.

A youth who, because of family relationship patterns, psychopathology, or socioeconomic circumstances, is compelled to assume roles and responsibilities normally reserved for older people, is called an adultified child. An

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