Основы информатики и прикладной лингвистики. Планы практических занятий 6.020303 «Филология»

scenarios, the second being innovation) the potential growth rate of the Russian economy will not exceed 3.5%-3.6% per year, the Economic Development Ministry calculates. The conservative scenario is based on the active modernization of the fuel and energy and primary commodities sectors of the Russian economy given the retention of a relative lag in the civilian high and middle technology sectors.

Вариант 3.

Recent months have been kind to Ukraine’s economy. Inflation has hit record lows, growth is hanging on despite a global slowdown, and state finances are looking healthier. Tax collection is growing and the central budget ran a surplus of Hr 4.8 billion ($600 million) in the first two months of the year, up from Hr 4.1 billion a year ago. Positive sentiment is further reinforced by the recent nominations of Finance Minister Yuriy Kolobov and Economy Minister Petro Poroshenko. While admitting that the upcoming elections make strategic policy shifts unlikely, a recent report by Morgan Stanley highlighted both ministers’ business experience. “Kolobov’s ties with the central bank and strong relationship with Governor [Sergiy] Arbuzov may improve coordination between the central bank and the ministry of finance,” analysts from the bank wrote. The amendments passed by the Verkhovna Rada to the 2012 budget, however, are pure electioneering, experts say. In order to fulfill President Viktor Yanukovych’s pledge to increase pensions, subsidize mortgages, and compensate Soviet Sberbank’s depositors, parliament agreed to raise spending by Hr 33 billion to Hr 391 billion, representing an increase of 16 percent from last year. Deputy Prime Minister Sergiy Tigipko initially put the costs of the social program at Hr 16 billion.

21

Вариант 4.

A white-haired and noticeably svelte Clinton, 65, pounded the podium with his fingers and palms and gestured vividly while addressing about 500 Obama supporters outside the Virginia home of his friend and Democratic advisor Terry McAuliffe. "Barack Obama deserves to be re-elected," Clinton told the crowd in his signature raspy voice, warmly introducing the man who was the main rival to his wife Hillary Clinton during the 2008 presidential primaries."I think he's done a good job," Clinton said. "We are moving this country forward, we are going the right direction under President Obama's leadership." When he took the outdoor podium, Obama, 50, noted Clinton's "remarkable" economic record in his two White House terms and referred frequently to the political powerhouse standing behind him, who stands to be a huge fundraising force in the final months of this year's campaign. "I didn't run for president simply to get back to where we were in 2007. I didn't run for president simply to restore the status quo before the financial crisis. I ran for president because we had lost our way since Bill Clinton was done being president," Obama said. The Obama campaign is keen to seize on the former Democratic president's popularity to help raise money and sell Obama's economic message to voters who may be receptive to Republican criticisms of his economic leadership, given U.S. unemployment is still relatively high and growth appears to be slowing. Last week, the Obama campaign also released a video of the former president praising Obama for his decision to approve the raid that resulted in the death ofOsama bin Laden last year. Neither Obama nor Clinton referred to George W. Bush, the Republican who served two presidential terms in between their tenures, nor the presumptive Republican nominee for this year's White House race,Mitt Romney, by name in their outdoor remarks.

Вариант 5.

Since the global recession ended in 2009, the world economy has been fueled by rising powers in the developing world led by China,

22

India and Brazil. Now, all three are running into trouble. China's manufacturing weakened in May, according to surveys out Friday. Factory output was the weakest in three months. Some economists say China's economic growth will fall to an 8 percent rate in the April-June quarter. That's high by Western standards, but it would be the weakest growth for China in nearly three years. In response, China is rolling out an economic stimulus program. Having rebounded strongly from the recession of 2007-2009, China's economy grew a sizzling 10.4 percent in 2010 and 9.2 percent in 2011. For the past two years, it's helped drive global growth. Australia and Asian countries have come to rely on Chinese markets for their exports. India is suffering an even sharper slowdown. Its economic growth slowed to a 5.3 percent annual rate in the January-March quarter, the lowest in nine years. Output from India's factories has declined. Its consumers have seen inflation — which has averaged 9.2 percent a year since the start of 2010 — devour their wages. "It's beyond anything that we would have imagined," said Samiran Chakraborty, head of research at Standard Chartered in Mumbai. "Real wages are falling ... The consumption slowdown along with the investment slowdown has been a double-whammy for the GDP number." As recently as last year, Indian politicians were claiming their economy could rival China's and surge into double-digit growth, lifting hundreds of millions out of poverty in the process.

Вариант 6.

Instead, India is mired in a deepening crisis of confidence. Asia's third-largest economy is widely regarded as performing below its potential. Indians are losing hope that their country's fractious political system will deliver the policies that might unlock a rebound — investments in roads, ports and other projects and lighter regulations to attract more foreign investment. One encouraging corner of Asia has been Japan's economy, the world's third largest. It grew at an annual rate of 4.1 percent in the first quarter of 2012 as it recovered from last year's earthquake and tsunami. But factors that could crimp expansion, such as weaker European demand for Japanese exports, have

23

raised fears that Japan's growth will slow or even stall. In Brazil, the economy practically stalled in the first quarter of 2012. It grew at just a 0.2 percent annual rate from the final three months of 2011, the government said Friday. That was below expectations of 0.5 percent growth. Flooding punished farmers. But Brazilian officials, like analysts in China, also pointed to another culprit, one that shows how problems in one part of the world cause problems in another: The ongoing trouble in Europe is taking a toll on exports.

Вариант 7.

Unemployment in the 17 countries that use the euro is already at 11 percent, the European Union's Eurostat office reported Friday. It's the highest rate since the euro was introduced in 1999. European countries have been struggling with their debt crisis for three years. Three nations — Greece, Ireland and Portugal — have already required bailouts because of unsustainable levels of debt. Austerity has been the main prescription for the crisis. But spending cuts and tax hikes are causing economies to shrink across the eurozone. In a blunt warning, European Central Bank chief Mario Draghi last week called the existing setup of the euro single currency "unsustainable" without stronger political and financial ties among eurozone countries. The fear is that Greece will drop the euro, and other weak countries, such as Spain and Portugal, will be forced to follow. Financial chaos could rage across Europe. Spain is facing punishing borrowing costs on bond markets because investors fear it won't be able to pay its debts. Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy declared Saturday that his government will stick with harsh austerity measures as long as necessary. But Spain's unemployment is already 24.4 percent. For those under age 25, unemployment is 51.5 percent. Businesses are being crushed. "This shop has been here for close to 100 years, and I've worked here for 48 years," says Manuel Cabrejas, a salesman at a cushion store in Madrid whose shop windows were covered in signs saying, "Closing down sale, big discounts, everything must go." "For the last two years, we have only just been covering running costs," Cabrejas said. "It's time to let go."

24

Вариант 8.

American employers added just 69,000 jobs in May. Since averaging a healthy 252,000 a month from December through February, job growth has slowed to a lackluster average of 96,000 a month. On Friday, after the government issued the May jobs report, the Dow Jones industrial average sank 275 points. It was the Dow's biggest loss since November, and it's now down 0.8 percent for the year. The dismal news suggested that the U.S. economy is enduring a midyear slump just as in 2010 and 2011. Unemployment rose to 8.2 percent from 8.1 percent in May as 642,000 more Americans poured into the work force, and only 422,000 more people got jobs. The jobs report came out a day after the government said the U.S. economy grew at just a 1.9 percent annual rate in the first three months of 2012. That's a meager pace nearly three years after the recession officially ended in June 2009. And it's too slow to generate many jobs or to lower the unemployment rate. In good economic times, the rate would be below 6 percent. Many U.S. companies are finding it more efficient to invest in machinery, not people. "We're not hiring, and we're not replacing" workers who leave, says Joe Glenn, who runs Glenn Metalcraft in Princeton, Minnesota.His sales jumped 40 percent last year. Yet Glenn's shop has kept employment flat at about 35 workers. He's added more computer-controlled metalworking machines and robots to load the raw material into them. "We're producing as much as we were with a lot less manpower," Glenn says. "And I don't foresee that those jobs are going to come back." Other companies are reluctant to hire until they feel more confident that their customer demand will keep growing. Adding to their uncertainty are Europe's troubles and America's dysfunctional politics.

Вариант 9.

WASHINGTON (AP) — The global economy's foundations are weakening, one by one. Already hobbled by Europe's debt crisis, the world now risks being hurt by slowdowns in its economic powerhouses. The U.S. economy, the world's largest, had a third straight

25

month of feeble job growth in May. High-flying economies in China, India and Brazil are slowing, too. Fears of a global economic downturn have sent investors rushing toward the safest possible investments: U.S. and German government bonds. As a result, the interest rate on the 10-year U.S. Treasury note has hit a record-low 1.46 percent. The rate on the German 10-year bond is even lower: 1.17 percent. "Treasurys are at 1.46 because people are freaking out," says Mark Vitner, senior economist at Wells Fargo Economics. The gravest fear is Europe. The most urgent threat is that in mid-June, Greek voters will reject the terms of a $170 billion bailout — which called for painful budget cuts — and abandon the euro. The move could ignite economic and financial chaos as Greek debts shift from denominations in euros to Greek drachmas of uncertain value. Yet the global economy's troubles go well beyond Greece. Here's a look at the global economy's vital signs:

Вариант 10.

Global growth continues to be a dominant priority on the agenda for CFOs and finance leaders worldwide, with a majority citing overseas expansion as a specific business priority, according to Deloitte's CFO surveys. The challenges of global mobility -- the who, what and how of deploying and developing executives across geographies -- is a critical part of the global business equation and, given its potential impacts and generally high costs, an area of growing interest -- and often concern -- of CEOs.

The results from Deloitte's recent "Strategic Moves: A new direction for global mobility" survey of 141 HR and business executives from around the world provide critical insights into global mobility programs, priorities and strategies. The specific finding: While global mobility programs are critical -- and expensive -- they are generally not perceived as strategic or well aligned with business priorities. Most of the surveyed executives see significant upside in capturing the value of these programs. Let's look more closely at the findings and central recommendations.

26

Here are some of the specific findings from the survey:

Nearly 50% of respondents identified emerging markets as their top strategic business issue.

Three quarters of survey participants anticipate that the total number of global employees will increase or increase significantly over the next three to five years.

Nearly 80% of respondents anticipate that global mobility will become more important or significantly more important during the same period.

Fully 88% of respondents feel it is important or critically important to align their organization's global mobility strategy with its business and talent objectives. Yet only 2% feel there is full alignment at present.

Вариант 11.

The increasing importance of the global mobility function within the organization is prompting some companies to reevaluate their view of mobility as simply a tool for short-term resourcing to that of strategic enabler of global growth, and builder of leadership capabilities and strengths. As highlighted in "Smarter Moves: Improving the value of global mobility by aligning strategy, investments and operations," effective global mobility requires a formal strategy that focuses on a company's long term business requirements and global talent priorities, rather than simply reacting to individual opportunities as they arise.

Although many organizations spend substantial sums on international assignments, these investments are often made on an ad-hoc basis to fill short-term requirements, rather than with a view to the enterprise's strategic business and talent priorities. An integrated global mobility and workforce strategy that establishes objectives and guidelines for the company's global mobility efforts can help leaders make better decisions about how to focus their investments and achieve the desired returns, both in the short and long term.

An effective global mobility and workforce strategy should:

27

Identify which business objectives should be supported by global mobility, e.g., development of capabilities in strategic growth markets, accelerated development of management bench strength.

Identify the talent objectives supported by global mobility. Who should go on international assignments? Why? How are they selected?

Identify roles and career paths for which international assignments are important to supporting business goals.

Вариант 12.

Despite the stated importance of global mobility, the majority of survey respondents gave their company's efforts a generally low assessment. This disconnect can provide finance leaders with the opportunity to raise the bar by contributing to transforming the global mobility function from an engine that simply moves employees from one country to another into a strategic business collaboration focused on deploying global talent in service of business strategies.

An effective global mobility program should be able to provide guidance to the business and assignees with high quality services that are cost-effective, consistent, and easy to use, manage and administer. To that end, an effective program should:

Provide guidance to businesses on mobility-related decisions. These include estimating the cost and developing the business case for particular assignments; selecting assignment goals and developing related metrics; helping managers evaluate candidates for assignment opportunities; advising managers on policy selection and assignment duration.

Provide a full spectrum of assignee-required services, including: coordinating physical moves; assisting with tax and other compliance issues; assisting with acculturation and integration; delivering services including reimbursement, payroll, benefits, and administration services.

28

Integrate global mobility and talent management practices to determine appropriate deployment to suitable positions upon home country return or reassignment.

Utilize both internal resources and external service providers as needed to provide cost-effective, high-quality service.

Вариант 13.

Those organizations with an effective global mobility strategy are typically those with leadership focus and guidance. The fact that so many organizations require significant or radical improvement in their mobility program may be, in part, the result of a lack of clear direction and sponsorship from senior executive leadership.

Expanding the opportunity in global and emerging markets can effectively be done with the desirable talent and specialization. This likely requires that organizations change their approach and what they expect from their global mobility programs. Increasingly, the effective global mobility programs expect strategic results, higher returns (in terms of business impact, and leadership and talent development), and more efficient and new deployment options.

There is no generic, leading-practice model for global mobility management, but there are some emerging insights as summarized here. Specific among these are raising expectations and aligning the organization's global mobility efforts with its business priorities. Transforming global mobility from an administrative function to a component of an organization's business strategy requires deliberate planning and organization, focused investments, and the development of new capabilities.

The need for improvement is clear. The opportunity can be significant. This is an effort finance executives are well positioned to sponsor and assume an increasingly central collaborative role with business and HR leadership.

29

Вариант 14.

Oil was the only market bucking the downtrend earlier in the day, but they also turned negative as other markets deepened their slide. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu assured President Barack Obama on Monday that Israel has not made any decision on attacking Iran's nuclear sites, sources close to the talks said, but the Israeli prime minister gave no sign of backing away from possible military action. Brent crude fell 0.2 percent to $123.60 a barrel while U.S. crude dipped below $106.70 a barrel. The euro eased 0.2 percent to $1.3193, inching closer to Monday's two-week low of $1.3160. a bearish technical outlook sent spot gold down 0.2 percent to $1,702 a tonne. "There is very little incentive to buy gold at the moment, keeping prices sideways," said Yuichi Ikemizu, branch manager for Standard Bank in Tokyo. "But there is also no sign that investors are moving funds out of gold to other assets, given no change in factors supporting gold," he said. Among such factors is the uncertainty surrounding Greece, which needs to complete a bond exchange with private holders, scheduled to close on March 8, before a second bailout is paid. It is still not clear how much participation Athens will see for its bond swap and a failure to agree on the swap would put the country back on the brink of a messy default, and could reignite fears about the collapse of the single currency. Greece's major bondholders voiced their support on Monday for a deal that will halve the value of their debt holdings and aims to put the country back on a sustainable debt-repayment footing. "This uncertainty is likely to weigh on risk appetite and European assets (including the EUR)," Barclays Capital analysts said.

Вариант15.

After years of preparations, the Euro 2012 football championship kicked off in Poland and Ukraine on June 8. It brought a flood of emotions to many fans who traveled to support their team, as well as millions of viewers who are watching the games across the world.

30