Иностранный язык (английский язык). Сборник упражнений по переводу и разговорной речи. Учебное пособие

passes through it. LCDs also make it possible for laptop owners to enjoy high quality images, text and video on thin, lightweight screens.

20. Translate the text from English into Russian Computer languages

Computer Languages can be categorised broadly into three categories. MACHINE LANGUAGE: The most elementary and first type of computer, which was invented, was machine language. A program written in machine language cannot be run on another type of computer without significant alterations. Machine language is some times also referred as the binary language i.e, the language of 0 and 1 where 0 stands for the absence of electric pulse and i stands for the presence of electric pulse. Very few computer programs are actually written in machine language.

ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE: As computer became more popular, it became quite apparent that machine language programming was simply too slow for most programmers. Assembly languages are also called low level language in which operation codes and operands are given in the form of alphanumeric symbols instead of 0’s and l’s. These alphanumeric symbols are known as mnemonic codes and can have maximum up to five letter combination e.g. ADD for addition, etc.

HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE: The assembly languages started using English like words but still it was difficult to learn these languages. High level languages are the computer language in which it is much easier to write a program than the low level language. A program written in high level language is just like giving instruction to person in daily life. It was in 1957 that a high level language called FORTRAN was developed by IBM especially for scientists and engineers.

21. Translate the text from English into Russian. Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi is increasingly becoming the preferred mode of internet connection all over the world. To access this type of connection, one must have a wireless adapter on their computer. Wi-Fi provides wireless connectivity by emitting frequencies between 2.4GHz to 5GHz based on the amount of data on the network. Areas which are enabled with Wi-Fi connectivity are known as Hot Spots. One can use advanced software to detect and request connection to Hotspots. To start a Wireless connection, it is important that the wireless router is plugged into the internet connection and that all the required settings are properly installed.

Wireless technology has widely spread lately and you can get connected almost anywhere; at home, at work, in libraries, schools, airports, hotels and

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even in some restaurants. Wireless networking is known as Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) or 802.11 networking as it covers the IEEE 802.11 technologies. The major advantage of Wi-Fi is that it is compatible with almost every operating system, game device and advanced printer.

Like mobile phones, a Wi-Fi network makes use of radio waves to transmit information across a network. The computer should include a wireless adapter that will translate data sent into a radio signal. This same signal will be transmitted, via an antenna, to a decoder known as the router. Once decoded, the data will be sent to the Internet through a wired Ethernet connection. As the wireless network will work as a two-way traffic, the data received from the Internet will also pass through.

22. Translate the text from English into Russian. Keyboard

A keyboard is used mainly for typing text into your computer. Like the keyboard on a typewriter, it has keys for letters and numbers, but it also has special keys:

•The function keys, found on the top row, perform different functions depending on where they are used.

•The numeric keypad, located on the right side of most keyboards, allows you to enter numbers quickly.

•The navigation keys, such as the arrow keys, allow you to move your position within a document or webpage.

The invention of the modern computer keyboard began with the invention of the typewriter. Christopher Latham Sholes patented the typewriter that we commonly use today in 1868. The Remington Company mass marketed the first typewriters in 1877.

A few key technological developments created the transition of the typewriter into the computer keyboard. The teletype machine, introduced in the 1930s, combined the technology of the typewriter (used as an input and a printing device) with the telegraph.

Keypunches, the basis of early adding machines and IBM, were made by combination of punched card systems with typewriters. Early computer keyboards were first adapted from the punch card and teletype technologies. In 1946, the Eniac computer used a punched card reader as its input and output device. In 1948, the Binac computer used an electromechanically controlled typewriter to both input data directly onto magnetic tape (for feeding the computer data) and to print results.

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ЧАСТЬ 2

КОСВЕННАЯ РЕЧЬ И СОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЕН DIRECT SPEECH AND REPORTED SPEECH

Утвердительные предложения Positive Sentences

Вопросительные предложения Questions

а) Общие вопросы Yes or No Questions

b) Специальные вопросы Wh-questions

Повелительное наклонение Imperatives

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Если глагол, который вводит косвенную речь, употреблен в настоящем или будущем времени, в косвенной речи время глагола не меняется.

СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ В КОСВЕННОЙ РЕЧИ REPORTED SPEECH FOR PASSIVE VOICE

При обращении прямой речи в косвенную меняются не только формы глагола, но и наречия места и времени и указанные местоимения.

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Упражнения

Упражнение 1. Reported speech

Choose the correct answer.

1.“I am going to change both of them,” the director said.

A.The director told that I was going to change both of them.

B.The director said that he would change both of them.

C.The director said that he was going to change both of them.

2.The lecturer said: “When will you come to pass this exam?”

A.The lecturer asked the student when will he come to pass that exam.

B.The lecturer asked the student when he would come to pass that exam.

C.The lecturer asked the student when he came to pass that exam.

3.“You may lose your job,” said the manager.

A.The man said that he/she might lose the job.

B.The manager said that he/she may lose the job.

C.The manager said that he/she may have lost the job.

4.“It’s the best book I’ve ever read,” said Barbara.

A.Barbara said that it’s the best book she has ever read.

B.Barbara said that it was the best book she had ever read.

C.Barbara said that it was the best book I had ever read.

5.The goal-scorer said: “We will lose the game”.

A.The goal-scorer told the team that they would lose the game.

B.The goal-scorer said the team that they would lose the game.

C.The goal-scorer said that they will lose the game.

6.“I will never tell your secrets to anybody,” the psychologist told the patient.

A.He said the patient that he will never tell his/her secrets to anybody.

B.He promised to the patient that he would never tell his/her secrets to anybody.

C.He told the patient not to tell his secrets to anybody.

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7.“How it is unfair that she has been alone!” said Vanessa.

A.Vanessa exclaimed how was it unfair that she has been alone.

B.Vanessa exclaimed how it was unfair that she had been alone.

C.Vanessa exclaimed how it is unfair that she had been alone.

8.“Do you like pasta?” asked Antonio.

A.Antonio asked if you like pasta.

B.Antonio asked if you do like pasta.

C.Antonio asked if you liked pasta.

9.“I want to have a picnic but I don’t know who wants to go,” said Brian.

A.Brian said that he wanted to have a picnic but he doesn’t know who wants to go.

B.Brian told that he wanted to have a picnic but he not to know who wanted to go.

C.Brian said that he wanted to have a picnic but he did not know who wanted to go.

Упражнение 2. Reported speech

Choose the correct words.

1. Please don’t take reference books from the reading room.

The librarian wanted/told us not to take/ to take books from the reading room.

2. Can you lend me your pen?

My fellow student asked/ ordered me to lend them/her my pen. 3. Don’t use any voice recorders on the lectures.

The teacher persuaded /ordered us to use/ not to use any voice recorders on the lectures.

4. You should speak more to improve your English fluency.

Our teacher warned /advised us speaking/ to speak more to improve our English fluency.

5. Join the local sport club.

Mum want/ wanted me join /to join the local sport club. 6. Will you give me your dictionary?

Мy brother persuaded /asked me if I would give/ to give him /her my dictionary.

7. They’ll have to meet with him tomorrow.

The director said to/ asked us they would/will have to meet with him tomorrow/ the next day.

8. How much time does it take you to get to the university?

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My friends asked /told me how much it took/takes me to get to the university.

9. “Give me your test papers!” Mr Clark ordered the students.

Mr Clark ordered the students if he could get/to give him their test papers. 10. “You shouldn’t read in bad light”, the doctor said.

The doctor advised me to read /not to read in bad light.

Упражнение 3. Reported speech

Write a new sentence with the same meaning.

1.“When you go to the doctor, ask him the best remedy,” I said to my brother.

2.“I won’t start a new article until I have finish the book,” the lecturer said to his students.

3.“When I get a new job, I’ll buy a new computer,” said Brian’s brother.

4.When you come to see me on Sunday, I will show you my flat.

5.If Mark arrives before nine, bring him to us for the dinner, said Linda to George.

6.The manager said to the employees, “Next year we will work six days a week.”

7.My doctor said to me, “You look very well, much better than you looked yesterday.”

8.“I came to live in this city several years ago,” said my friend.

ЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ

1.Числительные от 13 до 19 включительно образуются от соответствующих числительных первого десятка с помощью суффикса – teen [ti:n]:

4 four – 14 fourteen/ 6 six–- 16 sixteen

7 seven – 17 seventeen

9 nine – 19 nineteen

Несколько видоизменяются только числительные three, five и eight: three – thirteen

five – fifteen eight – eighteen

2.Числительные, обозначающие десятки, образуются от соответствующих числительных первого десятка с помощью суффикса ty [ti]:

seven – seventy.

Некоторые числительные изменяются: two, three, four, five: two – twenty, three – thirty, four – forty, five – fifty

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3.Числительное «восемьдесят» образуется с помощью добавления только [i] (-у):

eight [eit] — eighty [’eiti].

4.Между десятками и следующими за ними единицами ставится дефис:

twenty-five.

5.Перед числительными hundred, thousand, million в единственном числе ставится неопределенный артикль а или числительное one:

a (one) hundred; a (one) million

6.К числительным hundred, thousand и million не прибавляется окончание -s множественного числа, когда перед ними стоит количественное числительное (two, three, four и т. д.). Классы чисел отделяются на письме запятыми, а в речи паузами:

two hundred, four thousand, three million, etc.

7.В составных числительных c hundred, thousand, million перед десятками (а если их нет, то перед единицами) ставится союз and (правило не действует в американском варианте английского языка):

316 – three hundred and six

2,061 – two thousand and sixty-one

507 – five hundred and seven

8.В английском языке годы обозначаются количественными числительными:

1800 – eighteen hundred

1915 – nineteen fifteen

1905 – nineteen hundred and five

[Матюшкина-Герке Т. И.]

ПОРЯДКОВЫЕ ЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ

1.Первые два порядковых числительных «первый»/ “first”, «второй»/ “second” – образованы не от тех корней, от которых образованы соответствующие количественные числительные. Числительное «третий» имеет особую форму: third.

2.Остальные порядковые числительные образуются от соответствующих количественных числительных с помощью суффикса -th:

fourth, sixth, seventh.

В числительных five, twelve -ve меняется на -f: fifth, twelfth; в числительном eight при добавлении в орфографии окончания -th на стыке двух одинаковых букв одна из них выпадает: eighth; в числительном nine

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опускается буква -е: ninth; в числительных, обозначающих десятки, конечная буква -у меняется на -ie:

twenty — twentieth, forty — fortieth.

3.У остальных порядковых числительных только последняя цифра выражена порядковым числительным, все предшествующие – количественными числительными:

тридцать первый – thirty-first

двести двадцать первый – two hundred and twenty-first

четыре тысячи двести тридцать девятый – four thousand two hundred and thirty-ninth

4.Существительное, определяемое порядковым числительным, употребляется с определенным артиклем:

Is the first day of the week Monday or Sunday?

5.Для обозначения дней (дат) употребляются порядковые числительные; в этом случае перед числительным всегда выступает определенный артикль:

18 марта – the eighteenth of March; March, the eighteenth

6.Если номер дома, комнаты, страницы, учебной группы и т. д. обозначен количественным числительным, следующим за существительным, перед этим существительным артикль не употребляется:

room five, page twenty-four, group three.

[Матюшкина-Герке Т. И.]

АЛГОРИТМ ПЕРЕСКАЗА ТЕКСТОВ

Тексты этого раздела подлежат краткому изложению основного содержания. Понимание содержания текста без использования словаря

ипередача его в нескольких предложениях является основной задачей. Пересказ содержания на английском языке должен производиться без искажения смысла, логично и связно, с достаточным словарным запасом, грамматически и фонетически правильно оформленными высказываниями.

Необходимо учитывать структуру и логику речевого высказывания. В процессе подготовки рекомендуется ознакомиться с выражениями для структурирования речи, как это принято в английской речевой культуре,

иследующими правилами.

1.Быстро просмотрите текст, стараясь понять общее содержание

инайти (выделить) абзац или предложение, в котором, заключена основная идея.

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2.Прочтите текст во второй раз, подчеркните ключевые слова, убедитесь, что их значение вам известно или понятно из контекста.

3.Если вы не уверены, что сможете правильно произнести «трудные» слова, постарайтесь заменить их словами, близкими по значению.

4.Составьте план пересказа, в высказывании должны присутствовать вступление, главная часть и заключение:

A. Вступление (introduction): заголовок статьи или текста, автор, тема, идея публикации, история вопроса, причины выбора данной темы. Под «темой» (subject) имеется в виду сфера деятельности, о которой идёт речь в тексте. «Идея» (idea, message) – это основная, главная мысль, определяющая содержание текста, а также представление автора, выражающее его отношение к ней. «История вопроса» (background, profile) – это сведения общего характера, которыми вы владеете в рамках заданной темы, а также присутствующая в тексте информация по сути проблемы

ипричины её (проблемы) возникновения.

B.Основная часть (body of the text): характеристика ситуации, дополнительные детали, имеющиеся в тексте, доводы автора для обоснования своей точки зрения.

C.Заключительная часть (conclusion): резюме сказанного, оценка точки зрения автора, ваше личное отношение к проблеме, возможные пути её решения.

Под «резюме» (summary) следует понимать краткое изложение сути сказанного (2–3 предложения), выводы. Очень важно высказать свое мнение и отношение к содержанию прочитанного, критически осмысленное, основанное на примерах из собственного жизненного опыта.

ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ПЕРЕСКАЗА

Вступление – Introduction

1)The title of the article/text I am going to speak about is... / The article/ text I want to tell you about is called...

2)The author (writer) of this article/text is...

3)The subject (topic) of the article/text is describing…/ The article (text) is devoted to

4)The main idea is / The title of the article/text reflects its main topic/idea.

Основная часть – The Body

As we know from...

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