6 курс / Диетология и нутрициология / Здоровье_и_питание_в_Европе_Новая_основа_для_действий

Достижение социальной и экологической устойчивости без дальнейшего истощения запасов энергии требует, чтобы к 2040 году глобальное потребление энергии сократилось на 50%, а потребление в странах с высоким уровнем доходов – на 90% (126). Альтернативой является получение кратковременного выигрыша за счет долгосрочной утраты целостности экосферы и биофизического жизнеобеспечения – процесс, не имеющий перспективы. Не составляет труда предсказать, какие будут последствия для здоровья, если не будут решены такие проблемы, как истощение озонового слоя, загрязнение мирового океана, сокращение рыбных запасов, опустынивание, потеря биоразнообразия и усиление социальной несправедливости.

Известную роль в этом процессе играет производство пищевых продуктов. Методы производства, виды производимых продуктов, их транспортировка, глобализация системы продовольственного снабжения и концентрация собственности на средства производства и распределения пищевых продуктов– все это одновременно и благоприятствует и создает угрозу продовольственной безопасности и обеспеченности факторами питания, а значит и здоровью.

Одним из центральных вопросов глобального развития в нынешнем столетии, по всей вероятности, станет несущая способность планеты, или максимальное воздействие, которое способна выдержать ее биосфера. Глобализация торговли увеличивает оторванность потребляющего населения от экологических последствий их образа жизни, из-за чего продолжающиеся рост и потребление выглядят устойчивыми, тогда как на самом деле они таковыми не являются. Зона экологического обеспечения индустриального населения обычно в несколько раз больше, чем территория, на которой это население живет (127). Например, зона экологического обеспечения Италии, согласно оценке, примерно в восемь раз больше, чем территория страны. Для того, чтобы население земного шара численностью 9–10 миллиардов могло жить в достатке, может потребоваться еще 2–3 таких планеты, как Земля.

Сокращение перевозок пищевых продуктов и изменение методов ведения сельского хозяйства может привести к дальнейшему снижению нагрузки на природные ресурсы. Для того, чтобы можно было меньше рассчитывать на ископаемые виды топлива, нужны альтернативные, устойчивые формы энергии, включая человеческий труд. В сочетании с политикой,

направленной на развитие сельских районов и имеющей целью повышение уровня жизни в сельских районах, политика в области производства пищевых продуктов может существенно улучшить перспективы хорошего здоровья.

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