156770

\б. Прочитайте текст Л. Скажите, какие учебные заведения были созданы

•России иа базе Московской горной академии:

The Moscow Mining Academy was established1 in 1918. The main task of the Academy was to train mining engineers and techni- " cians, to popularize technological achievements among miners, to work on important problems of mining and metallurgical engineering arid to direct scientific research.

There were three departments in the Academy2: mining, geological prospecting and metallurgy. The Moscow Mining Academy introduced a new course in coal mining mechanization which provided the basis for the development of mining engineering. The two scientists A.M. Terpigorev and M.M. Protodyakonov wrote the first textbook on machinery for mining bedded deposits.

Much credit for the establishment of the Moscow Mining Academy and the development of co-operation among outstanding scientists and educators is due to3 Academician I.M. Gubkin, a prominent geologist and oil expert.

In 1925 the Moscow Mining Academy was one of the bestknown educational institutions in Russia.It had well-equipped laboratories, demonstration rooms and a library which had many volumes of Russian and foreign scientific books and journals.

The Academy established close contacts with the coal and ore mining industries. The scientists carried out scientific research and worked on important mining problems.

The rapid growth of the mining industry called for the training of more highly-qualified specialists and the establishment of new educational institutions.

New collieries and open-cast mines, concentration plants, metallurgical works and metal-working factories for processing non-fer- rous and ferrous metals appeared in the country. The people took an active part in the construction of new industrial enterprises.

The Academy alone could not cope with the problem of training specialists. In 1930 the Moscow Mining Academy was transformed4 into six independent institutes. Among the new colleges which grew >out of the Academy's departments were the Moscow Mining Institute and the Moscow Institute of Geological Pro-specting. Later, the scientific research Institute of Mining appeared near Moscow.

11

1 was established — была основана (пассивный залог; вводится дальше). Ср. ниже established close contacts — установила тесные контакты

2 There were three departments in the Academy — В Академии было три

факультета.

Конструкция «there + глагол to be» (в настоящем, прошедшем или будущем времени) употребляется, когда нужно сообщить о наличии, существовании в данном месте предмета (предметов) или лица (лиц). Обратите внимание на то, что перевод предложений с таким оборотом лучше начинать с обстоятельства места (В Академии...). Подробнее см. Unit 4.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

7.Укажите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста. Подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста.

1.There were four departments in the Academy.

2.The Academy introduced a new course in coal mining niechanization.

3.In 1925 the Academy had only several well-equippea laborat ories, demonstration rooms and a library which had many vol umes of books.

4.The Academy established close contacts with the coal industry.

5.In 1930 the Academy was transformed into six independent in stitutes.

6.The Moscow Mining Institute and the Moscow Institute of Ge ological Prospecting were among the new colleges which grew out of the Academy's departments.

8.Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1.What was the main task of the Academy?

2.What new course did the Academy introduce?

3.Were there three or four departments at the Academy?

4.What industries did the Academy establish contacts with?

5.Who wrote the first textbook on machinery' for mining bedded deposits?

6.Why was the Academy transformed into six independent insti tutes?

7.Why was the Academy transformed?

3

\\ 9. Подберите к глаголам из списка А соответствующие существительные из списка Б. Переведите словосочетания.

t

10. а) Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты следующих сочетаний слов.

б) Найдите в левой колонке английские эквиваленты русских сочетаний слов.

11. Найдите в каждом ряду слова или сочетания слов, имеющие наиболее общее значение.

engineer, chemist, geologist, specialist, economist coal, mineral resources, oil, iron, gas, ferrous metals oil industry, gas industry, extractive industry the sun, atom, gas, energy source, coal, oil

13.Составьтпредложенияиз cлов

1.traditions, our, interasting, university, many

2.an, plays, of, role people, life, the music, important, in

4

13. ж) Повторите формы Future Simple (Indefinite) глагола to be (см. с. б). Проспрягайте to read, to stay, to watch television в Future Simple.

б) Вставьте нужный вспомогательный глагол skull/will тяж shan't/

won't, 11.

1.What do you think life ... be like in the twenty-first century?

2.I ...n't stay long here. 3. I think I ... watch television tonight. 4. Just a minute. I think I ... buy a newspaper. 5. In the next century people ... fly to other planets. 6. — I hope they ... be happy here. — I'm afraid they ...n't. 7. ... you help me with my luggage? 8. In January the weather ... be colder. 9. We ... be back from England in August, I think. 10. We ...n't be there for ever.

14.а) Составьте вопросы, ответами на которые являются следующие

предложения:

1.Yes, they did. (The scientists carried out research in the field of geology and mining.)

2.No, there were not. (There were only a few higher mining schools in the country.)

3.No, it did not. (The Academy established close contacts with the coal and ore mining industries.)

4.Yes, they did. (They took an active part in the development of heavy industry.)

б) Прочитайте ответ на вопрос. Затем вставьте соответствующее вопросительное слово (what, who, why, where, when, which, how, how long, how old) в

начале каждого предложения.

5

15. Найдите в тексте А предложены, • которых сказуемые выражены глаголами в форме простого прошедшего временя (The Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense). Запишите их, как показано в примере.

Например: were — to be; trained — to train.

16. а) Прочтите следующий текст. Найдите в каждом предложении группу подлежащее-сказуемое. Определите временную форму глаголовсказуемых. Переведите текст на русский язык.

When Mikhail Lomonosov came to Moscow he gained admission to the Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy. He made rapid progress. Then he entered the Academy of Sciences. His abilities and diligence attracted the attention of the professors and as one of the three best students he continued his education abroad. There he studied chemistry, mathematics, metallurgy and mining. On his return to Russia he became a professor and a member of the Academy of ^Sciences.

For versatility Lomonosov has no equal in Russian science. Many of his ideas and discoveries won recognition only in the nineteenth century. For instance, he was the first who discovered the vegetation origin of coal, and as a poet and scientist he played a great role in the formation of the Russian literary language.

His living memorial is the Moscow University, which he founded in 1755.

6) Составьте письменно 5 общих и 5 специальных вопросов к тексту о ' Ломоносове.

г

17. Переведите предложения:, используя следующие сочетания слов:

there appeared; to establish close contacts with; to carry ont research; to train engineers and technicians; to call for specialists

1.Московская горная академия готовила инженеров и тех ников для горной и металлургической промышленности.

2.Ученые проводили научные исследования в области геоло гии, горного дела и металлургии.

3.Академия устанавливала тесные контакты с угольными бассейнами и промышленными предприятиями.

4.Быстрое развитие промышленности в стране требовало подготовки высококвалифицированных специалистов.

5.В стране появились новые специальные учебные заведения.

6

18. Выразите несогласие со следующими высказываниями и подтвердите свою точку зрения фактами из текста. Используйте предлагаемые разговор ные формулы:

I don't think so; on the contrary; to my mind; in my opinion; as far as I know; as is known; in fact

1.The task of the Moscow Mining Academy was to train mining specialists only.

2.The Academy established contacts with representatives of all branches of industries.

3.There were five departments in the Academy.

4.There were only Russian books in the library of the Academy.

5.The rapid growth of the mining industry led to the establish ment of new higher schools.

6.These scientists wrote the first textbook on machinery.

7.There were only a few higher educational establishments which trained geologists and mining engineers.

8.New collieries and open-cast mines appeared in different parts of the country.

19. а) Выберите нужную форму глагола из приведенных в скобках.

My name (is, was, am) Victor Sedov. I (is, am, was) seventeen years old. I (is, was?am) a first-year student of the mining college. Our college (is, are, was) in thе centre of the town.

I (have, has, had) a lot of friends at the college. After the course of studies we (shall, will,are going to become mining engineers.

My grandfather (were, was, will be) a mining engineer too. He (was, had, is, have) a student of the Moscow Mining Academy many years ago. It (had, was, were) one of the best-known educational institutions in the Soviet Union.It (has,had,is) well-equipped laboratories and alibrary

with many volumes Russian and foreign books and journals on geology and mining. '

б) Расскажите о себе, используя слова и выражения из а).

20. Побеседуйте с вашим другом о Московской горной академии. Спроси те, какие там были факультеты; как развивалась научная деятельность; каково значение академии в развитии горного дела в стране. Используйте активную лексику урока, вопросительные слова, а также разговорные формулы иа с. 20.

7

ГРАММАТИКА

Разделительный вопр

Разделительный вопрос, как показано в таблице, состоит из утвердительного или отрицательного предложения и краткого вопроса, имеющего то же подлежащее, что и предложение (всегда местоимение), и вспомогательный глагол.

Если предложение отрицательное, то краткий вопрос утвердительный, и наоборот — если предложение утвердительное, то краткий вопрос содержит отрицание. (См. знакиЩиОв таблице.) Краткий вопрос переводится на русский язык обычно как «не так ли», «не правда ли». Последнее предложение в таблице следует перевести: «Жизнь через 100 лет будет непохожей на нынешнюю, не правда ли?» (Переведите самостоятельно остальные примеры в таблице.)

Разделительные вопросы широко используются в устной речи. Значение вопроса меняется в зависимости от того, как вы произносите вопросительную часть. Если голос повышается, то это обычный общий вопрос, который требует ответа «да» или «нет» и содержит оттенок удивления, заинтересованности и т.п.

8

—No, I am afraid not. — Боюсь, что нет.

ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

21. а) Прочитайте вслух следующие слова:

[ае] — 'graduate, 'value, 'language, 'practical

[л] — 'number,'study,'other, thus, us,,under'graduate, in'dustrial, 'structural [ai] — de'sign, de'signer, mine, 'mining,

'science, hy'draulic,

pro'vide, kind, higher [f] — 'physical, 'physics, phone [k] — me'chanical, 'chemist, 'chemistry, me'chanics, tech'no-

logy, 'chemical [fl — ma'chine, ma'chinery, shape, 'specialist

б) Прочитайте следующие слова и запомните их произношение:

know [nou] — knowledge ['пэ1к!з] specialize ['spejalaiz]

— specialization [.spejalai'zeijh] require [n 'kwaia] — requirement [n 'kwaiamant] introduce [.mtra'djurs] — introduction [,mtr3'dAkf(3)n]

22. Прочитайте следующие слова и сочетания 1-2 раза про себя, затеи

вслух и постарайтесь запомнить их.

9

range [reinds] л область, сфера; предел; диапазон; радиус действия; ряд; серия

to be of im portanceим етьзначение to giv e an opportunityдатьвозможностьof

to meet the requirements удовлетворять требованиям (потребности)

23. О пределите значения выделенных слов по сх одству их корней с корнями соответствующих слои в русском языке:

special institutes; geologists and mining engineers; mechanical and electrical engineers; social sciences; specialized subjects; the type of specialization and qualification; theoretical courses; economic geology; structural geology; to prospect for minerals; skilled engineering specialists; mining operations; mining technology; hydraulic engineering; electrical engineering; industrial electronics; mine machinery laboratories; control systems; rock mechanics; the use of computers; mineral dressing; mining research and its practical application; prospecting parties

10

ТЕКСТБ Mining and Geological

Higher Education in Russia

i

In Russia young people get mining education at special institutes which train geologists and mining engineers for coal and ore mining. The total number of students of an institute includes full-time students, part-time students and postgraduate students.

Russian higher educational establishments offer different specializations for the students. Thus, at the geological institutes, the students specialize in geology, the science which deals with different problems connected with the Earth, its history, the study of rocks, their physical and chemical properties. One of the mai.i tasks of geology is to prospect, discover and study the deposits of useful minerals.

Geology is both a theoretical and an applied science. Mining geology is of great importance to the mining engineer. As a rule, mining geology includes economic geology.

The outstanding Russian geologist V.A. Obruchev says that geology is the science of the Earth which reveals to us how the Earth took shape, its composition and its changes. Geology helps prospect for ores, coal, oil, salt and other useful minerals.

Higher mining schools (universities, academies, institutes and colleges) develop a wide range of courses and programmes that meet the requirements of the society .They offer courses in mining technology, machinery and transport, hydraulic engineering, electrical engineering, industrial electronics, automation, surveying, geodesy, information technology, etc.

The main trend in the development of higher mining education is the introduction of courses in environmental protection, manage ment (environmental human resources), economics and manage ment of mining enterprises, marketing1 studies, computer-aided design (CAD)2 and others. ' ,.

Computer science is also of great importance. The course aims at providing students with understanding how software and hardware technology helps solving problems.

Laboratory work is an important part in training specialists. Experiments in laboratories and workshops will help students to develop their practical skills. They have a short period of field work to gain working experience.

11