156770

country rock коренная

(основная) порода distinctive properties

отличительные свойства malleable ['mseliabl] metal ковкий металл

5. Определите значения выделенных слов по сходству их корней с корнями соответствующих слов в русском языке. Переведите их:

the problems of searching for economically useful mineral deposits; visible evidence of mineralization; various distinctive physical properties of valuable minerals; topographical relief; geochemical methods of prospecting; areas of increased concentration of particular elements; the biological (hydrochemical, geobotanical) methods of prospecting; aerial magnetic and gamma surveys; geological interpretation of the data; the type of country rock; the process of mountain formation; aerial photography

6. Прочитайте текст А. Скажите, что должно быть в центре внимания геолога при разведке новых месторождений.

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ТЕКСТА

Prospecting

Mining activities include prospecting and exploration for a mineral deposit through finding, proving, developing, extracting and processing the ore. That is why it is possible to divide the ming activity into three major phases: 1)before mining which involves prospecting and exploration required to locate, characterizend prove a potential ore body; 2)mining which refers to actual coal or ore extraction. Extraction processes include undergroundor surface mining and dredging; 3)after mining which involves processing and preparing the raw ore for the end product.

As has already been said, before a mineral deposit can be worked, that is, before it can be extracted from the Earth for use by man, it must first be found. The search for economically useful mineral deposits is calledprospecting. To establish the quality and quantity of a mineral deposit, the type of country rock, etc. means to prove it and this process is calledproving. Prospecting and proving are only two different stages of mining geological exploration, the latter includes drilling and driving of openings.

Last century prospectors looked for visible evidence of mineralization on the surface of the Earth. To recognize valuable minerals it was necessary to know their various distinctive physical properties. For example, gold occurs in nature as a heavy malleable yellow metal. -Galena, the most important mineral containing lead, is dark grey, heavy and lustrous. The first ores of iron to be mined were deposits of magnetite, a black heavy mineral capable of attracting a piece of iron.

As the deposits of mineral that cropped out at the surface were mined, the search for additional supplies of minerals took place. The science of geology was used to explain the occurrence of ore deposits.

The aim of geological prospecting is to provide information on a preliminary estimation of the deposit and the costs of the geological investigations to be made. It also indicates whether it is available to continue the exploration or not.

Prospecting work includes three stages:1) finding signs of the mineral; 2) finding the deposit; 3) exploring the deposit.

General indications of the possibility of exposing this or that mineral in a locality can be obtained by studying its general topographical relief, the type of ground and its general natural conditions. Thus, in mountainous regions where fissures were formed

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during the process of mountain formation, ore minerals could be expected in the fissure fillings. In hilly regions, sedimentary deposits would be expected.

Certain deposits are found only in a particular type of ground. Coal seams, for example, are found in sedimentary formations mainly consisting of sandstones and shales. Veins, on the other hand, are found in crystalline (igneous) rocks, and the type of country rock usually determines the type of minerals.

At present, prospecting methods to be used are as follows:

1. Surface geological and mineralogical prospecting such as panning.

2. Geophysical, geochemical, geobotanical prospecting.

3. Aerial photography with geological interpretation of the data to be obtained is highly effective from aircraft or helicopter. Besides, successful development of space research has made it possible to explore the Earth's resources from space by satellites.

In modern prospecting the methods mentioned above are used together with the study of geological maps.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

7. Укажите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста. Подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста.

1.The search for economically useful mineral deposits is calledproving.

2.Last century prospectors looked for visible evidence of min eral deposits.

3.The first ores of iron to be mined were deposits of galena.

4.The science of geology can explain the mode of occurrence of ore deposits.

5.As a rule prospecting includes four stages.

6.The study of general topographical relief and the type.of ground makes it possible to expose this or that deposit.

7.Geologists know that certain deposits are only found in a particular type of ground.

8.As is known, veins are found in metamorphic rocks.

8. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1.What is prospecting?

2.What is proving?

3.How did prospectors find mineral deposits in the 19th century?

4.Does gold occur in nature as a heavy malleable yellow metal or as a heavy dark-grey one?

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5.What metal is capable of attracting a piece of iron?

6.What does prospecting work provide?

7.What are the three main stages of prospecting?

8.Is it enough to know only the topographical relief of a locality for exposing this or that mineral?

9.What methods of prospecting do you know?

10.What are the most effective aerial methods of prospecting

now?

9. а) Найдите • правой колонке русские эквиваленты следующих слов и сочетаний слов:

способный притягивать кусок

металла

б) Найдите в правой колонке английские эквиваленты следующих слов и сочетаний слов:

10. Подберите из списка А и Б близкие по значению слова:

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11. Определите, какой частью речи являются выделенные слом. Переведите предложения:

1. The search for primary gold deposits can be made by metallometric methods of prospecting.

2.The main aim of geological prospecting is to search for eco nomically useful deposits.

3.Geologists study geological prospecting maps drawn up on the basis of the preliminary search and forecast of the possible occurrence of new deposits.

4.The study of the character of a locality in the area of search will help determine prospecting methods to be used.

5.Prospecting work provides information on the cost of the geological investigations. It indicates how much these investigations cost and whether it is advisable to continue the exploration.

6.Geologists use geophysical methods.

7.As is known, the use of certain bacteria helps search for oil and gas.

12.Заполните пропуски в предложениях, используя приведенные слова:

a)l. ... deals with a complex range of geological, mining and economic problems. Its main task is to determine the quality, shape and mode of occurrence of mineral deposits and their main properties.

2.Exploration includes drilling and driving of ... openings. These ... openings can supply the most accurate information on the mineral exposed by them.

3.While ... a deposit the geologists establish its general size, determine shape, dimensions and quality.

4.The geological party was sent to ... a new deposit.

6)1. In recent years combined geophysical ... by air has been used on a wide scale.

2. In modern ... automation is being used in recording the field measurements.

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3.Now the ... need only to set up the instrument in the field and it will do all recordings automatically.

4.Laser is being used by mine ... now.

5.Underground working can be ... by modern methods.

store stored storing

в) Earth is not entirely without energy resources of its own. There is a large amount of heat energy ... in its molten interior. There is also both kinetic and potential energy ... in the Earth-Moon-Sun system. In addition, a relatively small amount of solar energy has been ... in the carbon atoms of the fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas). A potentially much larger energy reserve is ... in the nuclei of the very light and the very heavy elements. Wind, ocean currents and the evaporation of water only temporarily ... energy. It is known that there are different methods of... energy. ... tidal energy has not provided much to the total energy supply yet.

13. Переведете предложения, обрати внмише и ввфнпгн

я) в функция определения:

1.The geological investigations to be carried out include field prospecting and exploration.

2.The geological and physical conditions of the seam to be worked include its thickness, depth, hardness, etc.

3.The possibility of making direct observations in workings de pends on the mining system to be applied.

4.The work of geologists at mines has its own specific character and its own range of problems to be solved during the exploitation of

the deposit.

5. The main points to be observed during the driving of openings are the mode of occurrence of the mineral body, country rocks exposed by the openings, the type of fissuring and folding, etc.

6) в функции обстоятельств* цели:

1.То estimate a nickel ore the geologists must know how the nickel is distributed.

2.Geochemical methods are applied at different stages of geo logical investigations, and are used to establish the general mineral

ization of rocks.

3. To explore certain types of deposits geophysical methods have long been used. In coal basins these methods are used chiefly to study folded and faulted structures.

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14. Найдите в тексте А предложения, в которых употребляется инфвввт» в функции 1) подлежащего, 2) определения • 3) обстоятельства целя. Переведите предложения.

15. Переведите предложения, используя следующие слова и сочетания слов:

prospecting from aircraft and helicopters; the choice of the method; both ...

and; the search for new mineral deposits; ground and aerial methods of prospectIng; to be recognized easily; to depend on the type of the deposit; to be widely used; natural conditions; to crop out

1.Одной из главных задач геологической разведки является поиск новых месторождений полезных ископаемых.

2.В настоящее время используются как наземные методы (геологической) разведки, так и разведка с воздуха.

3.Выбор метода разработки зависит от типа месторождения, которое будет разрабатываться. Он зависит также от природных условий.

4.Так как месторождение выходит на поверхность, оно было легко обнаружено геологами.

5.Сейчас широко применяется разведка с самолета или вертолета.

16. Выразите несогласие и подтвердите свою точку зрения фактами из текста А. Используйте предлагаемые разговорные формулы:

It seems to be wrong; on the contrary; to my mind; In my opinion; as far as I know; as Is known; I'd like to say that

1.Prospecting and proving (exploration) do not differ at all.

2.The knowledge of the type of ground of the prospecting area is quite enough to find this or that mineral deposit.

3.Coal seams are always found in crystalline (igneous) rocks while veins occur in sedimentary formations.

4.At present great consideration is given to surface (ground) and mineralogical methods of prospecting.

17.Суммируйте содержание текста А, используя активную лексику

текста.

18.Продолжите диалог. Используйте активную лексику урока, а также разговорные формулы.

A.: What method of prospecting do you think to be the most

effective?

В.: I suppose ... because ... but I think not only this method ...

A.: I agree with you, but it is necessary to say that...

В.: I see. And what's your opinion on ...

A.: .......

В.: ......

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ГРАММАТИКА

Инфинитивные обороты

Инфинитивный оборот «сложное подлежащее» представляет

ботки является перспективным.

На русский язык инфинитивный оборот «сложное дополнение» часто переводится дополнительным придаточным предложением, вводимым словами что, как, чтобы.

Инфинитив смыслового глагола употребляется с частицей to

после глаголов want/would like хотеть, know знать, think/believe/consider полагать, считать, expect ожидать:

После глаголов, обозначающих чувства и восприятие, и некоторых других инфинитив употребляется без to (feel чувствовать, hear слышать, see видеть, watch наблюдать, notice замечать, make заставлять и др.):

ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

19. Прочитайте вслух следующие слова:

i] — dip, pit, sink, give, build, thick i:] — each, seam, need, steep, 'feature

e] — length, trench, 'gentle, 'level, 'section

л] — 'current, 'country, e'nough, 'other, re'suit o] — cost, plot, a'long, 'crosscut

[a:] — task, 'sample, 'sampling, part [э:] — search, 'survey, 'surface, 'purpose