- •Practical modern english stylistics (практическая стилистика современного английского языка)
- •Содержание
- •Introduction to stylistics 8
- •Введение
- •Introduction to stylistics
- •2. Expressive means and stylistic devices
- •3. Functional styles of speech
- •Questions to lecture #1
- •Stylistic classification of the english vocabulary
- •1. Stylistically-neutral words
- •2. Stylistically-coloured words:
- •1. Stylistically-neutral words
- •2. Stylistically-coloured words
- •Questions to lecture #2
- •Lexical stylistic devices
- •2. Metaphor
- •3. Personification
- •4. Allusion
- •5. Metonymy
- •6. Synecdoche
- •7. Antonomasia
- •8. Periphrasis
- •9. Euphemism
- •10. Epithet
- •11. Over-statement (hyperbole)
- •12. Under-statement (meiosis)
- •13. Oxymoron
- •14. Zeugma
- •15. Pun
- •16. Irony
- •17. Paradox
- •Questions to lecture #3
- •Syntactical expressive means and stylistic devices
- •2. Detachment
- •3. Parenthesis
- •4. Ellipsis
- •5. Break-in-the-narrative (aposiopesis)
- •6. Parallelism
- •7. Chiasmus (reversed parallelism)
- •8. Repetition
- •9. Tautology
- •10. Polysyndeton
- •11. Asyndeton
- •12. Enumeration
- •13. Rhetorical question
- •14. Stream-of-consciousness method
- •Questions to lecture #4
- •Poetic expressive means and stylistic devices
- •1. Euphony
- •2. Metre
- •1. Euphony
- •2. Metre
- •Questions to lecture #5
- •English versification
- •1) Full rhyme
- •3. Patterns of rhyme
- •4. Structure of verse. Stanza
- •Questions to lecture #6
- •The Eve of St. Agnes
- •Functional styles of the english language
- •1. Style of official documents
- •2. Scientific prose style
- •3. Publicistic style
- •4. Newspaper style
- •5. Belles-letter style (fiction)
- •Questions to lecture #7
- •Stylistic analysis of the narrative
- •1. Characteristics of the narrative
- •3. The basics of analysis
- •1. Characteristics of the narrative
- •3. The basics of analysis
- •Questions to lecture #8
- •Supplements
- •1. Stylistically coloured and neutral verbs
- •2. Paraphrase the text
- •3. Translate the text
- •4. Lexical stylistic devices
- •5. Syntactic stylistic devices
- •6. Poetic stylistic devices
- •1) State the types of feet in the following poems (iambus, trochee, dactyl, amphibrach, and anapest)
- •2) Choose three of the poems and learn them by heart
- •7. To be or not to be … William Shakespeare To be, or not to be (from Hamlet 3/1)
- •8. Application letter
- •9. Cover letter
- •10. Abstract
- •12. Giving a presentation
- •14. The football match
- •Библиография
4. Newspaper style
The main aim of newspaper style is to give objective information.
It is achieved by brief news items, press-releases, informational articles, advertisements & announcements.
Numerous articles and essays on art, economics, politics, published in newspapers belong to publicistic style, they aim not so much at informing the reader as at convincing him and establishing a certain opinion.
The intermediate position between articles and essays is occupied by editorials, which bare both features of the publicistic and newspaper styles.
General features of the publicistic style are:
newspaper language comprises a lot of abstract, economical and political words;
it is characterized by newspaper phraseology and cliches; they help avoiding misunderstanding, because they are trite and widely used (to relax tension, a far-reaching effect);
an extensive use of abbreviations contributes to conciseness of forms & expressiveness; abbreviations usually stand for geographical names and for the names of some well-known personalities; they are either deciphered in the text or are well-known to the reader;
neologisms first appear in newspapers;
lexical and syntactical stylistic devices - irony, pun, allusions - which are usually trite; vocabulary comprises different groups - slangy words, archaisms etc.;
the syntax can be very complicated as the context is sometimes conveyed in 2-3 sentences.
5. Belles-letter style (fiction)
The function of this style is two-fold:
• to communicate, to impart some ideas and facts to the reader;
• to appeal to the reader’s mind, to affect him emotionally.
Due to these common functions all the three styles have some common features which are as follows:
fresh, genuine, imagery stylistic devices;
the use of words in contextual meaning, and sometimes in several meanings at once;
the vocabulary reflecting the author’s individual evaluation of events;
the introduction of the typical features of the colloquial language; to a full degree in drama, to a lesser degree in prose, and to a slight degree, if any at all, in poetry.
Questions to lecture #7
1. What types of official documents do you know?
2. What kind of words are usually used in official documents?
3. What is the compositional pattern of business letters?
4. Study the example of application letter in Supplement 7. Write down your own application letter for the position of your dream.
5. Study the example of cover letter in Supplement 9. Write down your cover letter for a cargo of petrochemical products shipped to the USA.
6. How can you characterize scientific prose style?
7. What is an abstract?
8. Study the structure of an abstract in Supplement 10.
9. Study sample abstracts in Supplement 11. Write down your own abstract.
10. What is publicistic style?
11. Study the phrases for giving a presentation in Supplement 12.
12. How can you characterize newspaper style?
13. How can you characterize fiction?
Lecture #8