Кудинова Практическиы курс англиыского языка для студентов международник Ч.3 2014

sources from Facebook, MySpace and Twitter and any other type of social media source as carefully as they would verify traditional sources. They need to restrict access to private profile information that they don't want the general public to (3)

__________ by chance. They need to manage their time efficiently and manage their friends on social networks so they can (4) __________ tweets, status updates and endless emails. Although blogging and tweets may (5) __________

conversation, journalists must be mindful that they represent more than just themselves.

Vocabulary: Idioms with Hand

1. Complete the following sentences (1-8) with the correct idiom from the box. There is one odd idiom.

1.I have so much work to do at the moment. I've really __________.

2.It's amazing how multi-talented she is. She can __________.

3.You can trust him with any task. He's __________.

4.I'm bored. I've got nothing to do. I've got __________.

5.I'm sorry, I'd love to help you but I'm afraid I'm not allowed to. My

__________.

6.If you need anything I'm just a phone call away. I'm always

__________ to help.

7.I'm really finding this problem very difficult to solve. Do you think you could __________?

8.Mental illness can be a problem for very gifted people. Some people say that genius goes __________

with madness.

2.Replace the words in italics with an idiom with hand. Make any other

changes necessary.

1.Can you help me? I can't do this alone.

2.It's obvious that Richard was involved in this project!

3.Look, I'm not very busy. Let me finish that report.

4.Let's ask Gemma to help. She's really versatile.

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5.I'm afraid I'm can't do anything for you because of my position. You could talk to Personnel.

6.Yes, I've got one of the driving licence applications quite near. Here we are.

Reading, Speaking and Vocabulary: Obesity Problems

1.Discuss the questions.

1.Is there an obesity problem in your country?

2.Many western countries have a problem with obesity. What are the factors in causing a population to become obese?

2a. Read the article quickly. Does it mention any of the factors you discussed in Exercise 1?

Are fad diets fuelling the obesity problem?

Leila Patterson reports from the Gastro 2009 conference in London

Fad diets are known to be a source of potential harm to the individual. (1) As well as this / On the contrary, they may be ultimately responsible for worsening the obesity issue, doctors

warned today. If we are to avoid a hugely obese nation by 2050, the population needs to be made aware of the shortcomings of these fads. (2) Whereas / Moreover, doctors claim, pathological eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia are fuelled by ruthless promotion of unhealthy diets and foods, along with the obsession for size zero models on the catwalk.

Never before has there been such a proliferation of different regimes available, from the raw food diet to the Hollywood grapefruit diet. One of the most popular is still the Atkins diet, (3) although / even so only 2 per cent of women believe that it is good for their health. The diet, which cuts out almost all carbohydrates, was first introduced by Robert Atkins in the 1970s but recently enjoyed a resurgence in popularity, selling millions of books worldwide. (4) On the other hand / Despite the fact that these food fads are often based on a scientific theory, the nutritional content of the diets has rarely

been tested because they are so complex.

Some doctors feel fad diets may have a restricted use: (5) while / because they may be harmful in the long term, what they can do is provide

a short-term ‘fix’, for example, quick weight loss for an imminent event, such as a wedding, arising from cutting out a whole food group from the diet. (6)

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However / Furthermore, according to medical experts, any diet that severely restricts the intake of a particular food group should be avoided, (7) otherwise / as the body needs a balance of all food groups to maintain optimum health. (8)

Furthermore / In contrast, dieters must be aware that they are almost bound to regain any kilos lost once they revert to their former eating habits. (9) Similarly /

Consequently, all fad diets that promise sustainable weight loss should be viewed with suspicion. The one thing that all experts agree on is that weight reduction can be maintained in the long term only by decreasing calorie intake and increasing physical exercise. (10) Nonetheless / Therefore, people wishing to lose weight should seek out diets adhering to this principle which have been tried and tested by thousands of people around the world.

2b. Read the article again, more carefully. Find evidence to justify these statements.

1.The British people have a problem with obesity.

2.There may be one or two valid reasons for following a fad diet.

3.There's only really one effective way to lose weight.

3.Choose the correct linking words in the article.

4 Writers try not to repeat the same words too often in texts, so they find alternative words or paraphrases. Find the way the writer refers to these things in the texts.

1.problem (one more way)

2.diet (two more ways)

3.weight loss (three more ways)

Listening and Speaking: Ask the Panel

Ask the Panel is a current affairs and social issues discussion television programme in which a mixed panel of experts, commentators and members of the public discuss questions posed by the audience. Recent programmes have covered topics of law, the media and healthcare. This week the topic is ‘science and

society’.

1. In groups, look at the topics under discussion on this edition of Ask The Panel. What do you know about these subjects?

2a. Read the profiles of the members of the panel on

this week's show.

Indira Patel: The former chair of the National Academy of Science, and a frequent media expert on science matters

Bill Patterson: A high-profile member of Earthwatch, an environmental pressure group

Molly Chang: An investigative journalist who recently exposed malpractice in the chicken farming industry David Perez: A school science teacher for 20 years

2b. The first question posed to the panel is 'Should genetic engineering (in particular the genetic

modification of plants and animals that we eat) be halted due to the potential for unforeseen future dangers that it might cause for us and the planet?' Who do you think might make the following points? Listen and check.

1.We can't trust the companies engaged in GM food research.

2.GM crops hold out the prospect of being able to feed the world's population.

3.We can trust the scientists and the companies concerned.

4.Research should continue, but with the correct safeguards and controls.

5.The problem is that the dangers cannot be predicted through research.

6.It is currently possible to feed the world, but politics and business prevent this.

3.Do you agree or disagree with the speakers?

4.Key language: referring to what other people have said. Complete the gaps in the following extracts from the discussion by using one pair of words (a-f).

1.Well, __________ Indira __________, this research certainly shouldn't be halted.

2.__________ David __________ about current safeguards might sound reasonable...

3.If I __________ you __________, you're saying that science based businesses can't be trusted.

4.Could I just _______ _______ on something that Indira said about feeding the world's population ...

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5.She __________ that genetic engineering will enable us to feed the world,

__________ that that wasn't currently possible ...

6.Perhaps we should _________ to __________ the original question said, which was that there are unforeseen dangers ...

5. Look at these different versions of the extracts in Exercise 4. Which one in each pair is correct?

1.a) Well, as Indira mentioned, this research certainly...

b)Well, as Indira's words, this research certainly...

2.a) The things that David made about current safeguards...

b)The points David made about current safeguards...

3.a) If I see you correctly, you're saying that science-based businesses...

b)If I follow you correctly, you're saying that science-based businesses...

4.a) If I could just comment on something that Indira said about feeding...

b)If I could just say about something that Indira said about feeding...

5.a) She stated that genetic engineering will enable us to feed the world, implying that...

b)She claimed that genetic engineering will enable us to feed the world, of the suggestion that...

6.a) Perhaps we should go back to what the original question said...

b)Perhaps we should deal what the original question said...

6. Taking part in a panel discussion. You are a guest on Ask the Panel. Read your role play cards.

Student A: A senior member of the National Academy of

Science

You are intensely pro-science and believe that its purpose is to expand human knowledge and to advance human society.

Look at all the discussion questions, and prepare your points of view.

You are chair for the discussion of the first question.

Student В: A member of the

public – a taxi driver

You are generally positive about science and the improvements it makes to our lives.

You are chair for the discussion of the second question.

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Student C: A journalist

You speak from a personal point of view, and you always question people's arguments closely – you like strong and healthy discussion.

Look at all the discussion questions, and prepare your points of view.

You are chair for the discussion of the third question.

Student D: A member of the public – a shop

manager

You are generally sceptical of the claims made by scientists, particularly when they claim new developments will be safe.

Look at all the discussion questions, and prepare your points of view.

You are chair for the discussion of the fourth question.

Student E: A member of

Earthwatch, an eco-pressure group

You want science to work to benefit the world as a whole, and that it should not harm or exploit the natural world.

Look at all the discussion questions, and prepare your point of view.

You are chair for the discussion of the fifth question.

Reading and Speaking: Your Health and Happiness

1.In pairs, discuss the following questions.

1.What do you do that is good or bad for your physical health?

2.What do you do that is good or bad for your mental health?

3.Rate your own fitness on a scale of 0-5 (0 = very bad, 5 = excellent). Are you happy with your level? Can / will you do anything to improve it?

4.Do you think there is a connection between health and happiness?

2.Read the article and answer the following questions.

1.Where do you think the article comes from?

2.What does it say about the connection between happiness and health?

3.Which phrases are used to show that the information in this article is based on serious scientific research - not just one individual's opinion?

4.Read the first sentence again. Why do you think that may be the case?

Your Health and Happiness

In the daily rush of life we don’t always make our own happiness our number one priority. Perhaps we should though, because being happy has clear

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health benefits. Researchers have discovered that happy people have stronger immune systems than unhappy people: they don't pick up as many colds or get struck down as often by a flu virus. Their blood pressure is lower, and they have better protection against heart attacks and stroke. Happy people also deal better with pain, and bounce back faster after an

operation. Their life expectancy is longer, too.

Studies also indicate that happy people take better care of their health. They

have regular checkups and do more exercise than unhappy people, and don’t forget to put on sunscreen.

But what if you’re not naturally the life and soul of the party? Or you don’t wake up in the morning grinning from ear to ear? Not to worry, the good news is that research shows we can all – no matter how gloomy – learn to be happy. The only trouble is, we're often not that good at predicting what will really make us happy. So take our quick quiz to find out the best way for you to achieve bliss – and be healthy.

Quiz

Which of these things would bring you the greatest joy? Choose three. Moving to the countryside

Getting married Going to the gym

Supporting a good cause A relaxing day fishing Being slim

Taking an evening class in something you really want to learn Going on holiday with a group of your best friends

Tidying up your room, flat or house Winning one million euros

3. Compare your answers to the short quiz above in small groups. Explain your choices.

4a. Read the information on the quiz. With your group, discuss the

comments. Would you like to change any of your original choices?

Moving to the countryside. The environment is a key factor in determining our happiness. Noise and pollution don't do it any good at all. The rural idyll – clean air, peace and quiet – will increase your sense of well-being – but watch out for

the birds’ dawn chorus!

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Getting married. It’s a fact – married people are happier, especially married men! Propose now.

Going to the gym. Yes, it's tedious, but physical activity can instantly boost your happiness levels. If you don't fancy building your muscles, at least; build some exercise into your daily routine – a long energetic walk will do the trick.

Supporting a good cause. There's no doubt that, in life, having a sense of purpose and helping other people lead to increased happiness. Join a charity

organisation. Raise funds for disadvantaged children in developing countries or work for world peace. But you shouldn't set your sights too high all at once Start small, with achievable short-term goals.

A relaxing fishing day. A day away from it all and great for tackling stress. And to be really happy; we have tо keep our stress levels under control.

Being slim. Maintaining: a healthy weight is a key ingredient of health and happiness. But the road to happiness isn't lined with crash diets.

Taking an evening class in something you really want to learn. How to kill two birds with one stone. You can learn a new skill, such as

pottery, car maintenance or a foreign language, as well as realising a personal ambition. Both boost happiness.

Going on holiday with a group of your best friends.

Having a break will lower your stress levels but, more importantly, quality time with friends is essential for long-term happiness. But don’t save it all up for a once- a-year jamboree. The more the better.

Tidying up your room, flat or house. Create some living space by getting rid of all the clutter. It's not sexy work, but it'll be very satisfying and the sense of achievement is sure to raise your happiness levels.

Winning a million euros. The jury's out on this one.

You'll definitely get rich quick. But will it make you happy? Some experts think no – full stop. Others argue it will, but not in the short term – the impact on your well-being, they believe, takes one to two years to show up. The verdict? True happiness probably lies elsewhere.

4b. Now answer the following questions.

1.What do we learn about stress?

2.Name two things that will have an immediate effect on us.

3.How important does money appear to be for achieving happiness?

4.Which things does the article say are not much fun, but can increase happiness?

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5. How would you describe the overall style of this article?

6. Work in groups. Discuss the quotes below. What do they mean? Do you agree with these ideas? Why / Why not?

1.'I refuse to spend my life worrying about what I cat. There is no pleasure worth forgoing just for an extra three years in the geriatric ward.' John Mortimer, British dramatist, novelist and lawyer (1923-2009)

2.'A human can be healthy without killing animals for food. Therefore if he eats meat he participates in taking animal life merely for the sake of his appetite.' Leo Tolstoy, Russian novelist (1828-1910)

3.'To wish to be well is a part of becoming well.' Seneca, Roman philosopher and dramatist (4BC-65AD)

4.'True enjoyment comes from activity of the mind and exercise of the body.' Alexander von Humboldt, Prussian / German scientist / naturalist and explorer (1769-1859)

Life Skills and Writing: Analysing and Describing Visual Information

1.In small groups, discuss the following questions:

1.What do the letters WHO stand for? What do you know about this organisation?

2.Look at the WHO logo. What do you think it means?

3.Are some illnesses or diseases becoming more common in your country?

4.What do you understand by 'communicable' and 'non-communicable' diseases?

2.Look at the chart in Figure 1 on the next page and answer the questions.

1.Where does the chart come from?

2.Is it a reliable source? Why?

3.Match these explanations with one of the terms (A-J) on the right of the

chart.

1.very serious diseases caused by bacteria or a virus, and related to breathing or your lungs, e.g. pneumonia, avian influenza (bird flu), swine flu

2.brain diseases caused when the blood supply to the brain is disrupted in some way, e.g. stroke

3.deaths at or around the time of birth, e.g. stillbirth

4.diseases of the heart, e.g. heart attack, angina, chest pain

5.diseases in which waste from the bowels is watery, e.g. cholera

4.Look at the terms A-J on the right of the chart again. Which describe:

1.communicable diseases?

2.non-communicable diseases?

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5. Discuss these questions with a partner.

1. Does the chart show every single cause of death?

2. How do we say these dates? 2004, 2009, 2012, 2020, 2030

3. Does the chart give information for every year between 2004 and 2030?

4. Choose one or two of the figures down the left-hand side of the chart. Write the exact number it represents.

6. Put the words below in the correct order to make a sentence describing

what the chart shows.

death / between / chart / of / this / 2030 / shows / worldwide / and / 2004 / causes

7.What is the main trend we can see in the chart? Explain in your own words.

8.According to the information in the chart, are the sentences below true or

false?

1.By 2030, malaria will have become the least significant cause of death.

2.The number of deaths from cancers will show a steady increase over the period 2014-2030.

3.In 2016, there will be about 6 million deaths from (ischaemic) heart disease.

4.The percentage of deaths from cerebrovascular diseases will remain almost stable between 2020 and 2024.

5.Deaths from tuberculosis will decrease sharply between 2020 and 2030.

6.Deaths from road-traffic accidents will overtake deaths from perinatal causes around 2016.

9. Are you surprised by anything in the chart? Why do you think these changes are expected to take place?

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