Кудинова Практическиы курс англиыского языка для студентов международник Ч.3 2014

10.Мона очень привязана к дому, в котором выросла.

11.Как держать на расстоянии такого наглеца, как Джим? – Ума не приложу.

12.Я решил купить вот этот домашний кинотеатр, а сейчас сомневаюсь. 13.Ты не передумал ехать в Альпы на Рождество?

14.Их привязанность друг к другу не может не вызывать теплых чувств. 15.Тебе не кажется странным, что заказчики подняли такой шум из-за того,

что краска на стенах выглядит более зеленой, чем она выглядела в банке? – Ну, они вообще привередливые. – Не все привереды устраивают такой переполох из-за ерунды.

16.Прикрепите эту ленту на семь сантиметров ниже, пожалуйста.

Ex. 4. Turn the direct speech into indirect using reporting verbs from the active vocabulary:

1.“Don’t forget to post the letter,” said my sister.

2."Let's try that new Thai restaurant," she said.

3."Yes, I gave away your secret," she said.

4."I'm sorry I lost the book you lent me," he said.

5."Don't go too near the edge of the cliff," they said to us.

6."No, I didn't steal the company's money," the manager said.

7."What shall I do?" she said.

8."You've caused a lot of pain to my family," she said to him.

9.“I am greatly dissatisfied with the service,” said the client to the manager.

10."You must apply for the teaching post," he said to me.

11."I'd like you to come to Paris with me," he said to her.

12."Please, please don't give us any homework," they said to the teacher.

13."That's how I managed to escape," he said to me.

14.'I’ll never forget our anniversary again," he said.

15."You should try to find another job," he said to me.

16."Yes, it was a very dull lecture," she said.

17."No, I won't tell you where I was last night," he said to her.

Ex. 5: Paraphrase these sentences into indirect speech using reporting

verbs:

1. "You should go to a doctor tomorrow," said Bob to Jane.

2. "The bread is already stale."

3. "I will buy you a present this evening," said Molly to Jerry.

4. "You ought to tell her the news this afternoon," said Brian to Kira.

5. "I'm sorry I insulted you yesterday," said George to Jeffrey.

91

Unit Nine. Health, Medicine and Prognosis for the Future

Vocabulary, Reading and Speaking: Medical Breakthrough

1. Match the English words to the correct translation:

2a. Look at the words in the box and find: 1) six people who work in medicine; 2) six treatments / types of drug; 3) six medical conditions

Alzheimer's anaesthetist antibiotic arthritis cancer chest infection diabetes heart disease injection midwife morphine painkiller pharmacist physiotherapy psychiatrist radiologist surgeon transplant

93

2b. Complete the sentences with some of the words in the box.

1.A doctor writes a prescription, but you need to take it to a __________ to get the medicine.

2.After my operation, I had __________ twice a week for three months until I could walk again.

3.They found an organ donor in time, so it looks like the __________will go ahead as planned.

4.People who suffer from __________ need to take insulin or regulate their diets.

5.People with eating disorders, like anorexia and bulimia, are usually treated by a __________ .

6.Some drugs are best given to patients by __________ .

7.Often caused by poor diet, __________ is the biggest killer in the western

world.

2c. Match the words in the box to their Russian equivalents: психиатр,

заболевания сердца, анестезиолог, пересадка внутреннего органа, болезнь Альцгеймера, инъекция, рентгенолог, рак, антибиотик, физиотерапия, хирург, фармацевт, морфий, артрит, диабет, акушер(ка), воспаление легких, обезболивающее.

3. Work in pairs. Look at the statements. Which do you agree with? Which

are the most important? Give your reasons.

A good doctor...

1.knows the names of all his / her patients.

2.listens sympathetically to people who are not really ill.

3.accepts alternative treatments such as hypnosis, acupuncture and aromatherapy.

4.tells people how to live a healthy life.

5.uses everyday language rather than medical terms in discussions with patients.

6.acts on instinct rather than using logical reasoning.

7.makes home visits in the evenings and / or at weekends.

8.recognises emergency cases immediately.

9.usually prescribes medication, for example, anti-depressant tablets.

10.treats the person rather than the disease.

4. You are going to read about some important medical advances. What medical breakthroughs can you think of?

5a. Work in pairs. Each student reads a text. Make notes about the medical advances, using the questions below. You may not find answers to all the questions.

What? • Where? • How? • Results / benefits? Who? • When? • Problems?

5b. Using your notes, tell your partner about the breakthrough.

94

X-RAYS

X-rays are images which are used to diagnose disease. They were discovered by Wilhelm Röntgen, a German scientist working in

Munich, in 1895. He was working on a cathode ray tube* developed by one of his colleagues, when he noticed that it was projecting a green light on the wall. Strangely, the light was passing through some materials, including paper, wood and books. As he experimented by placing other materials in the way, he noticed that the outline of the bones in his hand was projected onto the wall. In the following weeks he continued to investigate the new rays, which he temporarily called X-rays. Two months later, he

published his paper ‘On a new kind of X-rays’, and in

1901 he was awarded the first Nobel Prize in Physics. Although the new rays would eventually be known as Röntgen rays, he always preferred the term X- rays. Today, Röntgen is considered the father of Diagnostic Radiology, a medical speciality using images to diagnose disease. Nowadays, radiologists can examine all areas of the body for different types of disease.

*A cathode ray tube is a piece of equipment which can produce an image on a screen, as in a television.

PENICILLIN

This was the first effective antibiotic. It was discovered by Alexander Fleming,

who was a brilliant medical researcher at St Mary’s Hospital, London. He was also careless, and his laboratory was often untidy. In 1928, after returning from holiday, he noticed a glass dish that had some mould growing on it. His analysis of this and its effect on the bacteria in the dish led to the discovery of penicillin. This paved the way for the treatment of infectious disease.

Fleming published his findings in 1929, but little attention was paid to them. He continued his research, but found it was difficult to grow penicillin mould and even more difficult to refine it. Fleming shared

the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Ernst Chain, who worked out how to isolate and concentrate penicillin. Howard Florey also shared the

prize for his work on mass producing penicillin. Fleming’s accidental discovery marks the start of modern antibiotics. It is estimated that penicillin has saved nearly 200 million lives.

95

6a. In the text “X-Rays” find equivalents to these: диагностировать,

работать над чем-то, изучать, временно, получить Нобелевскую премию, термин, считаться чем-либо

6b. In the text “Penicillin” find equivalents to these: эффективный,

исследователь, возвращаться из, плесень, привести к, очищать, выяснить, как…, случайный.

7. Look at these general issues about medicine and the medical profession. Talk about them in small groups.

1)Should people have to pay for health care?

2)Do you think nurses and midwives are paid enough in your country? Why / Why not?

3)Soon medical advances will allow people to live to a very old age. Is this desirable? Why / Why not?

4)Should new drugs be tested on both animals and humans before being prescribed by doctors?

8. Translate into English using the vocabulary from ex.1:

1.На что вы жалуетесь? – У меня постоянно болит спина / голова / сердце / шея / пятка.

2.Какие у вас наследственные заболевания?

3.У него была неизлечимая болезнь, но он не унывал и вел активный образ жизни.

4.Боксер получил серьезные повреждения во время поединка.

5.Я лечился у обычного врача и у гомеопата. Представитель традиционной медицины не одобрял альтернативную медицину, но именно гомеопат вылечил меня.

6.Я знаю хорошее средство от кашля.

7.Эти таблетки нельзя купить без рецепта.

8.Я тогда болел гриппом и не мог даже с кровати встать, а они обвиняют

меня, что я не захотел с ними встретиться, когда они были проездом в моем городе.

9.Его выздоровление (излечение) врачи объяснить не смогли.

10.Когда Карлсон убедился, что ни варенья, ни конфет не осталось, он объявил, что он исцелен.

11.Доктор, мне нужно средство от бессонницы, которое не вызывало бы привыкания.

12.Доктор лечил меня от гриппа антибиотиками, но это неправильно – грипп – это вирус, а вирусы нечувствительны к антибиотикам.

96

Vocabulary: Health and Illness

1. Study the following, paying special attention to the words in bold: A. Common problems

Note: For these illnesses, you can either buy something from the chemist, or go to your doctor, who may give you a prescription (= a piece of paper with an order for some medicine) that you get from the chemist.

В. Aches and pains

Nouns: We only use ache with the following: I’ve got toothache (U), a stomach-ache, backache (U), earache (U) and a headache. For other parts of the body we use pain, e.g. I woke up in the night with a terrible pain in my

chest.

Verbs: You can use ache for some things, e.g. my back aches; but hurt is more common to describe real pain, and it can be used with or without a direct object:

She hurt her foot when she jumped off the bus and fell over (also injured here).

She hurt herself when she jumped off the bus and fell over.

I hit my leg against the table and it really hurts. (= gives me a terrible pain) Adjectives: The only common adjective is painful (≠ painless):

I had an injection yesterday and it was very painful.

A:Did it hurt when you had your filling? (= when the dentist fills a hole / cavity in the tooth)

B:No, it was painless.

97

С. Serious illnesses

Doctors believe smoking is the major cause of lung cancer.

He had a heart attack and died almost immediately.

Hepatitis is a liver disease.

Asthma (chest illness causing breathing

problems) has become more common.

Note: Illness and disease are often used in the same way, but disease is used for a serious condition caused by an infection e.g. a liver disease. Illness is a more general

word.

2. Write down the main symptom or symptoms for these conditions.

a cold: _________________________________________________________

flu: ____________________________________________________________

hay fever: _______________________________________________________

a hangover: ______________________________________________________

diarrhoea: _______________________________________________________

asthma: _________________________________________________________

3. Look at the underlined letters in these pairs of words. Is the pronunciation the same or different? Look at the examples first.

4.Look at the pictures and write what happened in the space below. Try to use as many active words as possible..

5.Fill the gaps with a suitable word.

1.I hit my hand on the desk and it really __________ .

2.They say she died of a heart __________ .

3.She had some apples that weren’t ready to eat and now she’s got a stomach-__________ .

4.I’ve got this terrible __________ in my neck from sleeping in the wrong position.

98

5.He died of __________ cancer even though he never smoked a cigarette in his life.

6.I went to the doctor, and she gave me a __________ for some tablets.

7.Pollution makes her __________ worse and it’s difficult for her to breathe.

8.There are different forms of hepatitis; one is a more serious

__________than the other.

9.I hurt __________ when I fell off that chair.

10.My back __________ from sitting at that computer all day.

h) сердечный приступ i) астма

j) у Моны болит лодыжка

k) страдать сенной лихорадкой (аллергия)

l) Температура у ребенка высокая?

m) поранить палец шуруповертом.

7. Work in pairs and discuss the following. Have you had any of these illnesses recently? Have you had any aches and pains recently? Make a list of the ones you have had. Are there any other illnesses you have had or still have? If so, find the name for it / them in English.

Reading and Vocabulary: Big Questions Facing Modern Medical Science

1. Put A, B or C in front of the 10 statements below, compare your answers

in pairs:

A = I think this happens already.

B = I think this will happen in the future. C = I don't think this will ever happen.

1.the replacement of damaged organs using cells from human embryos

2.human immortality

3.the cloning of plants and animals

4.the cloning of human beings

5.an average life expectancy of over 100 years

6.the eradication of infectious diseases such as malaria

7.a vaccination against AIDS

8.the prediction and treatment of hereditary diseases

9.cosmetic surgery to make your hands look younger

10.genetic engineering of embryos to make them grow up slim, athletic, etc.

99

2. Match the two columns and use this to help you translate the text:

3.Read the text, find equivalents to the following: в настоящее время,

создавать, необходимый, человечество, бедность, богатство, искусственно (искусственный), улучшать, до недавнего времени, избавиться от, стройный, умный.

4.Put these numerals into the gaps in the text:

2,000, 1.5 million, 20th, 75, 35, 1980s, 1997, 6, 24-hour, 2010

Big Questions Facing the Modern Medical Science

a. Will we be able to live forever one day?

Scientists predict that the average female life expectancy in the developed world will be more than 150 by the year 2070 (it is currently (1) ___________). But it's doubtful whether the dramatic increases in life expectancy occurring in the (2) ________ century – thanks to better housing, diet and the eradication of many diseases – can be continued indefinitely.

Perhaps our best chance of living forever lies with stem cells. Stem cells are present in embryos for a limited period in their early development. They have the potential to develop into any tissue type in the body – skin, blood, muscles, nerves, etc. – and scientists have already begun cloning embryos and using them to grow matching tissue to replace damaged organs in the body. Theoretically it could be possible to continue replacing organs indefinitely – creating the

100