IV. Right or wrong?

1. I am here since Friday.

2. How long have you been baking an apple pie?

3. She’s been wearing black tights since 10 years.

4. I can’t eat this meat. It has gone off!

5. How long have you been waiting for a waiter?

6. Since when are you knowing her?

7. Has she won a cookery competition?

8. They are together 3 months now.

9. What’s happened to you today?

10. Have he already sliced this carrot?

11. He worked at the plant for 20 years, then he retired.

12. It’s the delicious meal she’s ever eaten.

13. How long does your friend have this dish - washer?

14. How long are they married?

15. Look! Mary has broken the chopping board.

V. Choose the most appropriate sentence ending.

1. I’ve swum… 2. I’ve been swimming…	a. and I feel exhausted. b. thirty Lengths of the pool.
3. They have asked me… 4. They have been asking me…	a. to visit them for ages, but I’ve never had the time b. to join the company on a number of occasions.
5. I have visited Vienna… 6. I’ve been visiting Vienna…	a. three or four times before. b. since 1990 and I’ve always felt very safe here.
7. We’ve stayed… 8. We’ve been staying…	a. at this hotel a couple of times before. b. at a small hotel near the sea.

VI. A. Read the text and fill in gaps with suitable verb forms.

Vegetarianism

Daniel. I 1) .………(be) a vegetarian since I was eighteen. Before that I 2).……… (eat/always) quite a lot of meat, like the rest of my family, but then I 3) ……… (read) a book about animal rights that made me start asking myself a few questions. For example, I love animals, and know I could never kill one myself unless my own survival really depended on it, but by buying meat I 4).……… (support/not) the killing of animals by other people? We all know that murdering a person is wrong, but why do we accept that killing an animal is very different? Don’t they have feelings and a desire to live, just like we do? Therefore vegetarianism for me was an ethical choice, although I also think there are health benefits – for example almost none of my vegetarian friends 5)…………(be overweight), but about half of my meat-eating ones are.

Olivia. I was a vegetarian for about eighteen months when I was at university, but I 6)……… (be able to/not) keep it up since then. I 7) .……… (go back/never) to eating red meat, but I can’t resist a bit of chicken from time to time, and I love fish, so maybe you could call me a ‘semi-vegetarian’. To be honest I can’t disagree with the ethical arguments against eating meat, but I just find it too difficult to cut it out of my diet completely.

I do believe there are good environmental reasons for trying to reduce the amount of meat we eat. Raising animals to produce meat uses up a huge amount of natural resources such as land and water – far more than just growing crops – and makes global warming worse.

Jack. I’d say most vegetarians are people in cities who don’t understand rural life. I 8)………(live) in the countryside all my life, so I 9)……… (grow up) around cattle, sheep and pigs. Raising animals for food is a way of life that goes back thousands of years – it’s a natural thing for humans to do. Also, the smell and taste of bacon is just gorgeous – my life would be poorer without it! I am a bit uncomfortable about modern factory farming, though. It’s all about producing as much meat as possible, as quickly and cheaply as possible, and the animals often 10).……… (spend) most of their lives indoors in confined spaces. You have to pay a bit extra for free-range meat – which means meat that comes from animals that 11)………(lead) more natural lives, having been free to move around on the farm .

B. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F), or if the text doesn’t say (D).

1. ‘Free-range’ meat is generally more expensive than other meat.

2. Olivia has never eaten red meat.

3. Daniel thinks it is healthier to be vegetarian than to eat meat.

4. Olivia thinks that being ‘semi-vegetarian’ is the best ethical choice.

5. Jack thinks that vegetarians don’t understand what life is like in the countryside.

6. Daniel is now the only vegetarian in his family.

7. Olivia is sure that meat–eating can cause health problems.