- •Введение
- •Contents
- •General notion
- •In informal English we can put an adverb between to and the infinitive (it is a so-called split infinitive).
- •Tense and aspect distinctions of the infinitive
- •3. The Perfect Infinitive denotes an action prior to that expressed bу the finite verb.
- •Voice disтinctions of тhe infiniтive
- •In sentences with the construction ‘there is’ the Infinitive of some verbs can be active or passive without any change in meaning:
- •You are silly not to trust them. Тhe use of тhe infiniтive wiтhout тhe parтicle ‘то’ (тhe bare infiniтive)
- •1. Subject. Non-perfect infinitives are more common in this function.
- •It is not necessary to tell her the details.
- •It takes me a couple of hours to cook this dish.
- •4. А part of a compound verbal predicate.
- •I like to see the children enjoying themselves.
- •I’m glad to meet you.
- •I’m glad to have met you.
- •I’m glad to be told the news.
- •I’m lucky to have met you there.
- •I find it difficult to talk to you.
- •I don’t know what to do.
- •I have no desire to see him again.
- •It’s a nice opportunity to see London.
- •7. Adverbial modifier.
- •If to do it properly the result will be better.
- •Predicative constructions with the infinitive
- •The objecтive- wiтh- the-infiniтive construcтion
- •I found her very interesting.
- •The subjective infinitive construction
- •I happened to meet her again some time later.
- •It is certain to rain tonight.
- •Questions for self-control
- •Exercises forms of the infinitive Ex. 1 What verbal and nominal properties have the Infinitive forms in the sentences below?
- •Ex. 2 Read the sentences below. Speak on the tense and aspect distinctions of the Infinitives used in the sentences.
- •Ex. 3 Read the sentences. What can you say about the use of the Infinitive forms in them? Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Bare infinitive
- •I would prefer you to go on foot. – I’d rather you went on foot.
- •Syntactic functions of the infinitive
- •1. Subject
- •2. Predicative
- •3. Secondary predicative
- •4. Attribute
- •5. Part of a compound verbal modal predicate
- •6. Part of a compound verbal aspect predicate
- •It has started to rain.
- •7. Object
- •I am sorry to trouble you.
- •8. Adverbial modifier of purpose
- •9. Adverbial modifier of result or consequence
- •10. Adverbial modifier of comparison
- •I have only а few minutes to spare.
- •2) She plays the piano well. She cаn give concerts. –
- •Predicative constructions with the infinitive
- •I’m sure you have met these people before. –
- •I believe her to know all the details. –
- •It’s nice that you have come to see us. – It’s nice of you to come to see us.
- •Subject
- •Adverbial modifier of purpose
- •General revision
- •(10 Points)
- •(20 Points)
- •(15 Points)
- •(15 Points)
- •(30 Points)
- •(20 Points)
- •(10 Points)
- •Glossary
- •Selected bibliography
- •Books used for examples
- •Инфинитив
- •344082, Г. Ростов-на-Дону, ул. Большая Садовая, 33.
(30 Points)
She watched him pull the levers expertly,…
“Pigeon Tony, I need you to listen to me.”
Frankie had seen so much sadness, too much for such a young man, and it was time for him to stop working so hard, get married and have sons of his own.
“I want you to look at me when we talk. This is important.”
Tony couldn’t help but stare skyward at the sharp peak of Duomo, so tall it seemed to pierce the blue of heaven.
We are staying here until it’s safe for us to go.
He won’t let you push him around.
Judy had made him promise not to let anyone up with a gun, including her boss, and he had agreed.
Now was the time for him to begin.
It took a certain quality of man to farm in Abruzzo and many had given up and gone to America, where the soil was said to be like everything else in America; plentiful, rich, and fertile, guaranteeing a life of ease.
From The Vendetta Defense by Lisa Scottoline
TASK 6
Mark the correct sentence:
(20 Points)
a) They were seen to leave the room, but nobody tried to stop them.
b) They were seen leave the room, but nobody tried to stop them.
a) She said she might have gone with us to the station to meet Jane.
b) She said she might go with us to the station to meet Jane.
a) We didn’t expect them to have been back so early.
b) We didn’t expect them to be back so early.
a) Why not put down your impressions of the voyage on the paper?
b) Why not to put down your impressions of the voyage on the paper?
a) Last century they happened to discover some really interesting data about this ancient settlement.
b) Last century they happened to have discovered some really interesting data about this ancient settlement.
a) She is smart enough to believe all these lies.
b) She is too smart to believe all these lies.
a) We tried to make him realize his mistake but he didn’t want to listen to us.
b) We tried make him realize his mistake but he didn’t want to listen to us.
a) I believe them to have arrived here a couple of days ago.
b) I believe they have arrived here a couple of days ago.
a) John forgot to have called us last evening, so he might do it tonight.
b) John forgot to call us last evening, so he might do it tonight.
a) She was the first to have told us about your offer.
b) She was the first to tell us about your offer.
TASK 7
Correct 5 mistakes in the following text; if you change something that is correct, extract 2 points
(10 Points)
What are you doing here?
I’m waiting for John to go sightseeing.
He is not supposed coming. He said he would rather have stayed at the hotel.
He might have changed his mind. I’d better call him. Can I use your phone? I seem to leave mine somewhere.
Here you are.
He doesn’t answer.
He might leave the hotel or he might be asleep. He seemed to have been very tired.
OK, let’s go then. Where would you like to go?
KEYS:
Task1:
1. b; 2. a; 3. c; 4. b; 5. b; 6. b; 7. c; 8. a; 9. c; 10. b.
Task 2:
1. to meet; 2. to celebrate; 3. to be falling; 4. dance; 5. to ask; 6. fetch; 7. get; 8. to hate; 9. to have known; 10. to have been invited.
Task 3:
Mother looked at her son and said “I haven’t seen you __ open your textbooks for a while. Don’t you have any homework to do?” The boy turned away. Why ___ bother to answer? How could he ___ explain that he would rather ___ play football than ___ go to school? He couldn’t get himself to look at his Mother. He heard her ___ sigh sadly behind him. She would make him ___ stay at home and his friends would play without him. He didn’t need to look at his mother to know that she was upset. Would he ever be let to do what he liked? Of course there was nothing for him to do but ___ obey his parents. So, probably, he’d better ___ start doing his homework.
Task 4: 1. Object, object; 2. Object; 3. Adverbial modifier of result; 4. A part of a compound verbal modal aspect predicate; 5. Attribute; 6. Object; 7. Object; 8. Object; 9. Predicative; 10. Adverbial modifier of result; 11. Parenthesis; 12. Subject, adverbial modifier of result; 13. Attribute; 14. Object;
Task 5:
him pull the levers expertly – Objective-with-the-Infinitive construction, complex object;
you to listen to me – Objective-with-the-Infinitive construction, complex object;
for him to stop working so hard, get married and have sons of his own – for-to-Infinitive construction, attribute;
you to look at me – Objective-with-the-Infinitive construction, complex object;
it ...to pierce the blue of heaven – Subjective Infinitive Construction, complex subject;
for us to go – for-to-Infinitive construction, subject;
you push him around - – Objective-with-the-Infinitive construction, complex object;
him promise not to let anyone up with a gun, including her boss, – Objective-with-the-Infinitive construction, complex object;
for him to begin – for-to-Infinitive construction, attribute;
the soil ...to be like everything else in America; plentiful, rich, and fertile, guaranteeing a life of ease – Subjective Infinitive Construction, complex subject.
Task 6: 1. a; 2. b; 3. b; 4. a; 5. a; 6. b; 7. a; 8. a; 9. b; 10. b.
Task 7:
1. He is not supposed to come. 2. He said he would rather stay at the hotel. 3. I seem to have left mine somewhere. 4. He might have left the hotel or he might be asleep. 5. He seemed to be very tired.
