- •Введение
- •Contents
- •General notion
- •In informal English we can put an adverb between to and the infinitive (it is a so-called split infinitive).
- •Tense and aspect distinctions of the infinitive
- •3. The Perfect Infinitive denotes an action prior to that expressed bу the finite verb.
- •Voice disтinctions of тhe infiniтive
- •In sentences with the construction ‘there is’ the Infinitive of some verbs can be active or passive without any change in meaning:
- •You are silly not to trust them. Тhe use of тhe infiniтive wiтhout тhe parтicle ‘то’ (тhe bare infiniтive)
- •1. Subject. Non-perfect infinitives are more common in this function.
- •It is not necessary to tell her the details.
- •It takes me a couple of hours to cook this dish.
- •4. А part of a compound verbal predicate.
- •I like to see the children enjoying themselves.
- •I’m glad to meet you.
- •I’m glad to have met you.
- •I’m glad to be told the news.
- •I’m lucky to have met you there.
- •I find it difficult to talk to you.
- •I don’t know what to do.
- •I have no desire to see him again.
- •It’s a nice opportunity to see London.
- •7. Adverbial modifier.
- •If to do it properly the result will be better.
- •Predicative constructions with the infinitive
- •The objecтive- wiтh- the-infiniтive construcтion
- •I found her very interesting.
- •The subjective infinitive construction
- •I happened to meet her again some time later.
- •It is certain to rain tonight.
- •Questions for self-control
- •Exercises forms of the infinitive Ex. 1 What verbal and nominal properties have the Infinitive forms in the sentences below?
- •Ex. 2 Read the sentences below. Speak on the tense and aspect distinctions of the Infinitives used in the sentences.
- •Ex. 3 Read the sentences. What can you say about the use of the Infinitive forms in them? Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Bare infinitive
- •I would prefer you to go on foot. – I’d rather you went on foot.
- •Syntactic functions of the infinitive
- •1. Subject
- •2. Predicative
- •3. Secondary predicative
- •4. Attribute
- •5. Part of a compound verbal modal predicate
- •6. Part of a compound verbal aspect predicate
- •It has started to rain.
- •7. Object
- •I am sorry to trouble you.
- •8. Adverbial modifier of purpose
- •9. Adverbial modifier of result or consequence
- •10. Adverbial modifier of comparison
- •I have only а few minutes to spare.
- •2) She plays the piano well. She cаn give concerts. –
- •Predicative constructions with the infinitive
- •I’m sure you have met these people before. –
- •I believe her to know all the details. –
- •It’s nice that you have come to see us. – It’s nice of you to come to see us.
- •Subject
- •Adverbial modifier of purpose
- •General revision
- •(10 Points)
- •(20 Points)
- •(15 Points)
- •(15 Points)
- •(30 Points)
- •(20 Points)
- •(10 Points)
- •Glossary
- •Selected bibliography
- •Books used for examples
- •Инфинитив
- •344082, Г. Ростов-на-Дону, ул. Большая Садовая, 33.
(10 Points)
If you could ______ (keep) silent for a moment, I would be really grateful to you.
a) have kept b) keep c) be keeping
He wouldn’t _____ (get) so tired if he hadn’t walked so fast.
a) have got b) get c) have been got
You would _____ (understand) what she is talking about if you had read the article I had given to you.
a) have understood b) be understanding c) understand
He must _____ (be) smarter than you think he is if he managed to avoid the trap.
a) have been b) be
He couldn’t _____ (run) into her there, as she didn’t leave home that day.
a) run b) have run c) be running
I don’t believe you. He couldn’t ____ (tell) you about his past. He never tells anybody about it.
a) tell b) have told c) be telling
But for the snowstorm they would _______ (reach) their destination on time.
a) reach b) be reaching c) have reached
He said he might ______ (meet) us in London when we came there in January.
a) meet b) have met c) have been met
He said he wanted the plan _____ (realize) without anybody’s knowing about it.
a) to realize b) to have realized c) to be realized
We didn’t expect anybody ____ (come) and were surprised to see a man on the doorsteps.
a) to have come b) to come c) to have been coming
TASK 2
Use the proper form of the Infinitive of the verb in brackets
(20 Points)
They happened ________ (meet) for the first time something about ten years ago.
John had come to a party where they were supposed ________ (celebrate) somebody’s birthday.
John saw Mary in the crowd and found himself _____ (fall) in love at first sight.
He watched her ______ (dance) and didn’t dare to approach her.
He was too shy ______ (ask) his friends about her name.
But then he thought “Why not ______ (fetch) her some ice cream?”
“This way I could _____ (get) acquainted with her.”
She turned out ______ (hate) ice cream but at least she told him her name.
They seemed ______ (know) each other for a long time – so much in common they had.
John is so glad ______ (invite) to that party.
TASK 3
Use the particle “to” where it is necessary
(15 Points)
Mother looked at her son and said “I haven’t seen you __ open your textbooks for a while. Don’t you have any homework __ do?” The boy turned away. Why ___ bother ___ answer? How could he ___ explain that he would rather ___ play football than ___ go to school? He couldn’t get himself ___ look at his Mother. He heard her ___ sigh sadly behind him. She would make him ___ stay at home and his friends would play without him. He didn’t need ___ look at his mother to know that she was upset. Would he ever be let ___ do what he liked? Of course there was nothing for him ___ do but ___ obey his parents. So, probably, he’d better ___ start doing his homework.
TASK 4
Sate the syntactic function of the infinitives and infinitive phrases
(15 Points)
How lucky Pigeon Tony was to be alive in this lovely place and how privileged to be drawing breath today.
Judy had replaced her wilted daisy on the console with a fresh spray of blue forget-me-nots, but she wasn’t completely sorry to leave the country sights and smells.
Judy was too angry to sit down but Pigeon Tony perched on the thickly knotted root of a tree in his bumpy madras shirt and baggy pants, next to a Hefty garbage bag he had insisted on fetching from the truck.
It sounded like spontaneous combustion, but she couldn’t begin to translate.
Maybe he hadn’t had a chance to talk with his grandfather after his arrest.
The gloom vanished from Pigeon Tony’s face as he scrambled to his feet with a tiny grunt and motioned to Judy to get up.
Judy took another bite. If she ate enough of it, she could figure out how to do all the work she had been ignoring this weekend.
They can’t prove you meant to kill him from the facts they have. And they can’t prove it from the physical evidence.
Pigeon Tony prevented himself from falling back asleep so his memories didn’t become dreams and therefore run from his control. Because what he wanted to do was remember the first time he kissed Silvana.
It was sunny that day and Tony arrived in Mascoli to find even outskirts thick with revelers, honking automobiles, drunks on bicycles, and neighing horses.
To get right to it, you probably know that there is something of a vendetta going on between the Lucias and the Coluzzis.
Judy smiled at the irony. “Is it okay to break the law to get justice, Mr. D?”
She looked around wildly. There was nowhere to go but the seats on the left and moving there at this point would be dangerously obvious.
What sort of king waited to be crowned, when he could crown himself?
From The Vendetta Defense by Lisa Scottoline
TASK 5
Underline Infinitive predicative constructions, give their names and define their syntactic functions
