Завдання для самопідготовки

Перекладіть словосполучення:

1. швидка втрата зору

2. контролюватися медiкаментами

3. загальна скарга

4. забезпечувати ефективнiсть

5. виробляти iнсулiн

6. високий рiвень глюкози в кровi

7. недостатнiсть iнсулiну

8. фактори способу життя

9. підвищена спрага

10. невиліковна хвороба

Дайте відповіді на запитання:

1. What is diabetes mellitus?

2. How many types of diabetes you know?

3. What is type 1 diabetes?

4. What is type 2 diabetes?

5. What is gestational diabetes?

6. What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

7. What are the classical symptoms of diabetes?

8. What is a common complaint leading to a diabetes diagnosis?

9. What are the main complications of diabetes?

Розкрийте поняття: цукровий дiабет, гестаційний діабет.

OBESITY ОЖИРІННЯ

Exercise 1. Active vocabulary:

burden, n succumb, v premature, adj obese, adj obesity, n curtail, v indulgence, n injurious, adj secure, v hazard, n convince, v life span, n

[bə:dn] [sə'kʌm] ['premətə] [əu'bi:s] [əu'bi:siti] [kɜ:'teɪl] [in 'dʌldʒəns] [ɪn'dʒuərɪəs] [sɪ'kjuə] ['hæzəd] [kən'vins] [spæn]

вага; ноша вмерти (від чогось) передчасний гладкий, ожирілий гладкість; ожиріння скорочувати зловживання шкідливий забезпечувати безпеку ризик переконувати тривалість життя

Exercise 2. Read the following words according to the rules of reading:

[n] - station, resolution, institution, dissolution, introduction, session, discussion;

[tә] - nature, picture, future, lecture, creature, rupture, puncture, fracture, mixture;

[әs] - dangerous, viscous, numerous, obvious, nervous, infectious, previous, serious.

Exercise 3. Form words with the help of negative prefixes. Translate into English:

Dis- like, function, connect, agree

Un- fortune, necessary, forgettable, reliable

In- different, human, visible, dissolution, effective

Im- possible, practical, mobile, moral

Ir- regular, responsible, relevant, resistible

Mis- understand, translate, place, pronounce, carriage

Mal- nutrition, formation, position, treatment

Exercise 4. Find the stem in the following words. Point out prefixes and suffices:

Physically, hopefully, necessity, extremity, shortening, blindness, sleeplessness, unnecessary, unfortunately, discomfort, in-patient, overweight, unalterable, treatment, punishment, decreased, inferiority, fatty, investigation, overindulgence, injurious, unknown, disinfection, irreversible, possibly.

Exercise 5. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following English ones:

Heavy burden, shortening of the life span, premature death, average or below average, obese individuals, retention of normal weight, preventive medicine, the energy requirement of the body, a daily caloric intake, a positive energy balance, dietary habits, excessive amounts of starchy food, compensative diminution, risk in overindulgence, a normal gain in weight, consumption of food, to burn the excessive fat, to be due to the efforts.

Exercise 6. Revise grammar material. Translate into Ukrainian. Pay attention to the sentences with Complex Subject:

1. The patient is supposed to have been discharged from the hospital.

2. He is thought to suffer from pneumonia.

3. Leucocytosis is known to develop in inflammation.

4. They seem to study Biochemistry.

5. He appears to suffer from tuberculosis.

6. The pain proved to be sharp on physical exertion.

7. The doctor is likely to discharge this patient.

8. Acute appendix is sure to be removed immediately to prevent its rupture which may result in peritonitis.

Exercise 7. Read and translate the text:

OBESITY

Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health, particularly in individuals past middle life. It is a heavy burden which many people carry about quite without necessity. In many instances, this burden will result in a definite shortening of the normal life span; they are more likely to succumb to premature death from coronary thrombosis, from diabetes, or from infections, such as pneumonia or cholecystitis, as well as many other diseases, than people in the same age group whose weight is average or below average. Furthermore, the obese individual suffers from unnecessary fatigue, from heat intolerance, and from arthritis, as well as from other serious discomforts, much more commonly than do persons of normal weight. Thus, the prevention of obesity and the retention of normal weight is a matter of importance in the field of preventive medicine.

The important factor in production of overweight is a daily caloric intake which exceeds the energy requirement of the body — in brief; the fat person eats too much rich food.

A positive energy balance may be due to a variety of causes. One of the important factors is dietary habits. Some people tend to eat excessive amounts of starchy or fatty foods. The overweight of people past middle life is almost always the result of the decreased energy output of the individual, as the years advance, with no compensative diminution in diet intake. People over 50 eat as much as they did at 20, although their activities are greatly curtailed. Probably the most common cause of overweight is the fact that individuals overeat because they enjoy food, and do not realize that there is any risk in overindulgence.

The person must be convinced that the "normal" gain of weight with increasing age is injurious, in a direct ratio to the degree of increase of weight to increasing age.

The other essential educational feature is that weight reduction can best be secured by maintaining a slow and gradually progressive negative energy balance. Thus, the daily consumption of food should be slightly less than the energy demands of the body. Then the body will burn the excess fat in place of food.

The branch of medicine that deals with the causes, prevention and treatment of obesity is known as bariatrics, the field of medicine that encompasses dietary, physical and behavioral therapy approaches to weight loss as well as pharmacotherapy and surgery.

Exercise 8. Answer the following questions:

1. At what age may overweight frequently occur?

2. What diseases does obesity usually result in?

3. What serious conditions does an obese individual suffer from?

4. What is a matter of importance in the field of preventive medicine?

5. Why is daily caloric intake an important factor in production of overweight?

6. What causes may a positive energy balance be due to?

7. What is the most common cause of overweight?

8. Why do the people over 50 more frequently suffer from this heavy burden?

9. What can weight reduction best be secured by?

Exercise 9. Choose the proper definitions for the terms:

fat food habit therapy urine retention overweight obesity bariatrics			The field of medicine that focuses on the treatment and control of obesity and diseases associated with obesity. Substance taken in to maintain life and growth. A substance that contains one or more fatty acids and is the principal form in which energy is stored by the body. The condition in which excess fat has accumulated in the body, mostly in the subcutaneous tissue. Inability to pass urine, which is retained in the bladder. Above the weight allowed or desirable. A sequence of learned behavior occurring in a particular context or as a response to particular events. the treatment of physical, mental, or social disorders or disease
1	2	3		4	5	6	7	8

Exercise 10. Match Russian word combinations in column A with English ones in the column B:

A				B
надлишкова вага тяжкий тягар (ноща) тривалість життя передчасна смерть нетерпимість тепла профілактика ожиріння калорійна їжа надмірна кількість				caloric food excessive amount premature death overweight heavy burden life span prevention of obesity heat intolerance
1	2	3	4		5	6	7	8

Exercise 11. Join the parts of the sentence in the column A with the correct ones in the column B:

1. Overweight will result in … 2. The obese individuals are more likely to succumb to premature death from … 3. Furthermore, they suffer from … 4. The prevention of obesity and the retention of normal weight is … 5. A daily caloric intake exceeds the … 6. A positive energy balance may be due to … 7. The overweight of persons past middle life is almost always the result of … 8. The person must be convinced that… 9. The daily consumption of food should be … 10. The body will …

1. …the "normal" gain of weight with increasing age is injurious. 2. …the energy requirement of the body. 3. …unnecessary fatigue, heat intolerance, and arthritis, as well as other serious discomforts. 4. …a matter of importance in the field of preventive medicine. 5. …burn the excess fat in place of food. 6. …slightly less than the energy demands of the body. 7. …a definite shortening of the normal life span. 8. …coronary thrombosis, diabetes, or infections, such as pneumonia or cholecystitis, as well as many other diseases. 9…. dietary habits. 10. …the decreased energy output of the individual.

Exercise 12. Put questions to the underlined members of sentences:

1. In many instances, overweight will result in a definite shortening of the normal life span.

2. The obese individual suffers from unnecessary fatigue, from heat intolerance, and from arthritis, as well as from other serious discomforts.

3. The prevention of obesity and the retention of normal weight is a matter of importance in the field of preventive medicine.

4. The important factor in production of overweight is a daily caloric intake which exceeds the energy requirement of the body.

5. A positive energy balance may be due to a variety of causes.

6. The overweight of elderly people is almost always the result of the decreased energy output of the individual.

7. Probably the most common cause of overweight is the fact that individuals overeat because they enjoy food, and do not realize that there is any risk in overindulgence.

8. The body will burn the excess fat in place of food.

Exercise 13. Use the verbs in brackets in the appropriate tense. Translate them into Russian:

1. Overweight, particularly in individuals past middle life, is a burden which a person (to carry) about quite without necessity.

2. Positive energy balances (to be due to) a variety of causes.

3. Obese individuals are more likely (to succumb) to premature death from coronary thrombosis, from diabetes, or from infections, such as pneumonia or cholecystitis.

4. The obese individuals (to suffer) from unnecessary fatigue, from heat intolerance, and from arthritis.

5. It’s known that a daily caloric intake (to exceed) the energy requirement of the body.

6. They knew, that some people (to tend) to eat excessive amounts of starchy or fatty foods.

7. People over 50 eat as much as they did at 20, although their activity (to be greatly curtailed).

8. Preventions of overweight centers (to teach) each individual that overweight, particularly with increasing age, is an unnecessary hazard to a normal life.

Exercise 14. Arrange the following sentences in a correct order to describe the following term «ожиріння»:

1. It may be associated with increased risk of illness, disability and death. The obese people may suffer from fatigue, heat intolerance and from arthritis, as well as from other serious discomforts.

2. The branch of medicine that deals with the study and treatment of obesity is known as bariatrics.

3. The important factor in production of overweight is a daily caloric intake which exceeds the energy requirement of the body.

4. In obesity weight reduction can best be provided by maintaining a slow and gradually progressive negative energy balance. In other words, the daily consumption of food should be slightly less than the energy demands of the body. Thus, the body will burn the excess fat in place of food.

5. Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health the past middle life people.

Exercise 15. Find English equivalents in the text:

Баріатрія, ожирілі люди, стримування нормальної ваги, середній або нижче середнього, профілактична медицина, потреба тіла в енергії, фармакотерапія та хірургія, щоденне споживання калорій, позитивний енергетичний баланс, харчові звички, надмірна кількість крохмалистих продуктів харчування, нормальне збільшення ваги, накопичення жиру, споживання їжі, спалювати зайвий жир, страждати від зайвої ваги, насолоджуватися їжею, дієтичні, фізичні та поведінкові підходи, надмірне зловживання, завдяки зусиллям.

Exercise 16. Translate into English:

1. Відомо, що тучність зустрічається у людей після 40 років.

2. Напевне, що ожиріння зможе вплинути, в большій ступені, на скорочення тривалості життя.

3. Виявилось, що причиною раптової смерті цього гладкого пацієнта був коронарний тромбоз.

4. Навряд чи, людина з нормальною вагою, буде страждати від ожиріння.

5. Стверджують, що підтримка нормальної ваги та профілактика ожиріння є головним завданням превентивной медицини.

6. Безсумнівно, що у людини, котра споживає велику кількість жирной їжі, порушиться енергетичний баланс.

7. Вважають, что люди переїдають, тому, що вони насолоджуються їжею, при цьому, вони не усвідомлюють, що це може призвести до зловживання.

8. Навряд чи, організм зможе спалити таку велику кількість жиру самостійно.