3. Listen to the text and answer the questions:

3.1. According to the speaker, how many people do now live in cities?

1. over half the world's people

2. half the world’s people

3. less than half the world’s people

4. not so many people

3.2. According to the speaker, how many people did live in cities a century ago?

1. more than five percent of all people

2. less than five percent of all people

3. more than fifty percent of all people

4. more than fifteen percent of all people

3.3 According to the speaker, how many people could live in cities by the middle of this century?

1. seventeen percent, or almost six and a half billion people

2. sixty percent, or almost six and a half billion people

3. seventy percent, or almost six and a half billion people

4. seven percent, or almost six and a half billion people

3.4. According to the speaker, how many people in developed countries do already live in cities?

1. a fourth of people

2. two-fourths of people

3. three-fourths of people

4. four-fourths of people

3.5. According to the speaker, how many people do move into cities and towns each day?

1. one hundred thousand people

2. almost two hundred thousand people

3. two hundred thousand people

4. more than two hundred thousand people

4. Now go to the printed version of the text and follow the speaker when listening. After listening answer the following questions:

4.1. In the text Sabina Deitrick notes three of the following EXCEPT

(A) urbanization brings social change that can empower women

(B) a city's ability to educate and train its people is important to jobs and new industries

(C) the reuse of existing land and spaces and the reinvention of urban life is important if cities are to succeed

(D) people are moving away from the major cities to smaller cities

4.2. Two educational institutions are mentioned in the text EXCEPT

(A) University of Kansas

(B) University of Pittsburgh

(C) London Business School

(D) University of Maryland

Reading

5. Look at the word highlighted in paragraph 2 of the text. Mark the answer choice that is closest in meaning to the word three-fourths.

1. fifty percent

2. seventy five percent

3. twenty five percent

4. one hundred percent

6. Look at the word highlighted in paragraph 3 of the text. Mark two answer choices that are closest in meaning to the word housing.

1. accomodation

2. living

3. goods

4. shelter

7. Look at the word highlighted in paragraph 4 of the text. Mark the answer choice that is closest in meaning to the word de-urbanization.

1. people’s moving away from big cities to bigger cities

2. people’s moving away from big cities to smaller cities

3. people’s moving away from small cities to bigger cities

4. people’s moving away from small cities to smaller cities

8. Look at the highlighted word in paragraph 6 of the text. Choose the word or phrase in the bold text that the word its refers to.

1. Pittsburgh

2. loss

3. urbanization

4. change

Text: Cities Now Home to More Than Half of All People

1. Over half the world's people now live in cities. The latest "Global Report on Human Settlements" says the historic change took place last year. The report came out this week from U.N. Habitat, a United Nations agency.

2. A century ago, less than five percent of all people lived in cities. By the middle of this century it could be seventy percent, or almost six and a half billion people. Already three-fourths of people in developed countries live in cities. Now most urban population growth is in the developing world.

3. (1) Urbanization can lead to social and economic progress, but also pressure on cities to provide housing and services. (2) The new report says almost two hundred thousand people move into cities and towns each day. (3) 

4. Another issue is urban sprawl. This is where cities expand into rural areas, sometimes at a much faster rate than urban population growth. Sprawl is common in the United States. Americans move a lot. In a recent study, Art Hall at the University of Kansas found that people are moving away from the major cities to smaller cities. He sees a trend toward "de-urbanization" across America. 

5. But urban economies still provide possibilities that rural areas do not. Sabina Deitrick at the University of Pittsburgh, in Pennsylvania, is an expert on cities. She notes that urbanization brings social change that can empower women.

6. SABINA DEITRICK: "Women entering the labor force is one big change and that always goes up with urbanization and certainly will proceed in many, many countries where urbanization is increasing rapidly." Sabina Deitrick has closely studied Pittsburgh from the loss of its main industry, steel, to its rebirth as a smaller city with different industries. She says the reuse of existing land and spaces and the reinvention of urban life is important if cities are to succeed.

7. Professor Deitrick notes that a city's ability to educate and train its people is important to jobs and new industries. Even new industries based on old ideas. Around the world, people leave rural farm jobs to go to the city. Yet now there is growing demand for farm products grown close to the cities where they are used. Urban farming is taking hold in some of the world's biggest cities. Sabina Deitrick says studies show that urban farming is one area where women can earn more than men do.

comprehension

9. Now read the whole text and decide whether these statements are true (T❒) or false (F❒):

9.1. People in developed countries live mostly in cities. T❒ F❒

9.2. Urbanization can lead to pressure on cities to provide housing and services, but also social and economic progress. T❒ F❒

9.3. One of the studies shows that a lot of Americans are nowadays moving away from the smaller cities to major cities. T❒ F❒

9.4. Sometimes cities expand into rural areas at a much slower rate than urban population growth. T❒ F❒

9.5. One of the reports says thousands of people move into cities and towns each day. T❒ F❒

9.6. According to one of the studies there is a trend toward urbanization across America.  T❒ F❒

9.7. There are no areas where women can earn more than men do. T❒ F❒

10. The following sentence can be added to the text: It says worsening inequalities, driven by social divisions and differences in wealth, could lead to violence unless cities plan better. Where would it best fit in the text? Possible sentence positions are marked with (1), (2), (3).