- •Reading Practice in English for Students of Finance
- •Block 1. Functions of the Financial System and the Financial Markets a. Functions of the Financial System
- •Savings Function
- •Wealth Function
- •Liquidity Function
- •Credit Function
- •Payments Function
- •Policy Function
- •B. The Financial Markets and Financial System
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Block 2. The Study of Money and Capital Markets
- •A. The Money Market versus the Capital Market
- •B. Divisions of the Money and Capital Markets
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •A. Money and Functions
- •The Medium of Exchange
- •Other Functions of Money
- •B. Central Banking. The Bank and the Money Supply
- •Reserved Requirements
- •C. The Discount Rate
- •D. A Plain Man's Guide to Investment
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Exercises
- •Block 4. The Central Bank of the Russian Federation
- •Open-market Operations
- •Monetary and Exchange-Rate Policy Central-bank Policy
- •Vocabulare Notes
- •Exercises
- •Block 5. British Banking
- •Overseas Banks
- •Foreign Banks
- •The Merchant Banks
- •The Stock Exchange
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Block 6. Barclays Bank Account Why a Bank Account Makes Sense
- •A Current Account with Three Options to Choose from
- •The Options in Brief
- •Interest Option
- •Instant Option
- •Bank Charges
- •Your Statement
- •Using Barclays Cheque Book What is a Cheque?
- •How to Pay for Goods and Services by Cheque
- •How to Obtain Cash with a Cheque
- •How to Get a New Cheque Book
- •How to Stop a Cheque
- •If you have used a Barclays cheque guarantee card to issue a cheque, it cannot be stopped. Using your Barclays plastic cards
- •How to pay for goods and services using Barclays connect
- •How to obtain cash using your Barclays connect or Barclaybank card
- •Making regular payments
- •Standing orders
- •1. Dialogue
- •Brokerage services
- •2. Dialogue
- •Governmental controls 3. Dialogue
- •Structure and functions of a bank in the u.S.
- •4. Dialogue
- •Currency and other forms of exchange in the u.S.
- •5. Dialogue
- •Block 8. Financial Reports Consolidated financial report of the large financial holding company
- •1. Consolidated statements of income of Citicorp and subsidiaries
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •2. Consolidated balance sheets of Citicorp and subsidiaries
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •3. Consolidated statement of cash flows of Citicorp and subsidiaries
- •Income taxes
- •4. Financial report of the small enterprise. 'Balance sheet of HiFi Sounds'
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •5. Income Statement of HiFi Sounds
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Grammar Reference Грамматический справочник Личные формы глагола в предложении.
- •1. Времена глагола в действительном и страдательном залогах. Изъявительное наклонение.
- •Сводная таблица
- •Образование времен в страдательном залоге
- •Перевод сказуемого в страдательном залоге
- •Сводная таблица
- •2. Сослагательное наклонение
- •Формы сослагательного наклонения
- •Употребление сослагательного наклонения
- •3. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты
- •Сочетание модальных глаголов с Perfect Infinitive
- •Сочетание модальных глаголов с infinitive passive
- •4. Многофункциональные глаголы Функции глаголов should и would
- •Функции глагола то do в предложении
- •Функции глагола то have в предложении
- •Функции глагола то be в предложении
- •Он, она, оно (о неодушевленных предметах)
- •Указательное местоимение «это»
- •Наиболее употребительные составные союзы и предлоги и сочетания с as
- •What is a bank?
- •Bank Services: Old and New
- •Payments
- •Intermediation
- •Figure 1.2. Bank Goals and Constraints
- •Interest Rate Risk
- •Risk management
- •Importance of capital budgeting
- •Generating ideas for capital projects
- •Oject classifications
- •Increasing importance of financial management
- •The financial manager's responsibilities
3. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты
Модальные глаголы выражают не действие, а отношение говорящего к действию, выраженному последующим инфинитивом Модальные глаголы имеют не все временные формы, отсутствующие временные формы восполняются эквивалентами модальных глаголов. Таблица модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов
Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты |
Значение |
Present |
Past |
Future |
Can to be able (to) |
возможность совершения действия (физического) |
can am is >be able(to) are |
was 1 }>be..able(to werej |
shall] > be able(to) will J |
May |
(возможность |
may |
might |
|
|
||
to be |
совершить |
am |
|
was |
|
shall |
|
allowed (to) |
действие с разрешения или с вероятностью) |
are is to) |
be..allowed |
were (to) |
be..allowed |
will |
be allowed(to) |
3 Must |
|
must |
- |
|
- |
|
|
to have |
|
have (to) |
had (to) |
shall |
|
||
(to) |
|
has (to) |
|
|
|
> have (to) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
will |
|
|
долженст- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
to be (to) |
вование |
am (to) |
was (to) |
shall |
1 be (to) |
||
|
is (to) |
were |
(to) |
will |
|||
|
|
are |
(to) |
|
|
J |
|
should |
|
should |
- |
- |
|||
ought (to) |
|
ought (to) |
- |
|
|||
to be |
|
am |
|
was |
|
shall' |
|
obliged |
|
is |
> obliged (to) |
|
obliged (to) |
|
> be obliged (to) |
(to) |
|
are |
|
were |
|
will |
|
1) I can sing -я могу петь, 2) May I sing? - мне можно петь? 3) He had to sing yesterday - он должен был петь вчера.
Модальные глаголы могут употребляться в сочетании с любой формой инфинитива.
Наибольшие трудности представляет перевод сочетаний модальных глаголов с Infinitive Passive и Perfect Infinitive.