9. Установите соответствие для следующих понятий.
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... doesn't come to life until it is connected to other parts of a system.
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... is the term used to describe the instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task.
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... create the computer software instructions and respond to the procedures that those instructions present.
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Information in the form of instruction is called a…
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The manner in which the various individual systems are connected is ...
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... is organized, processed and used for decision making.
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The basic job of a computer is the ...
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programme
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information
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processing of information
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software
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connectivity
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computer
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people
Lesson 2
Грамматика: The Present Perfect Active Voice,
The Present Perfect Continuous Active Voice
The Present Perfect Tense Active Voice
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Образование to have + Participle II (V3) смыслового глагола |
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Утвердительная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
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He написал(и) She has written It We You have written They |
Have I written? Has she written? it Have you written? they |
I haven’t written H She hasn’t written It W You haven’t written They |
I
have written
he
we
e
e
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense
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Образование to have been + Participle I (Ving) смыслового глагола |
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Утвердительная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
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пишу (уже) He She has been It writing We You have been They writing |
Have I been writing? Has she been writing? it Have you been writing? they |
I haven’t been writing H She hasn’t been It writing W You haven’t been They writing |
I have been writing
he
we
e
e
Случаи употребления
а) the Present Perfect Tense (have/has + Participle II, V3)
С данной видовременной формой обычно употребляются наречия already, just, ever, never, recently, lately, today, сочетание this week/month/year/century, предлог since. Сказуемые в the Present Perfect не употребляются после союза when. The Present Perfect обозначает действие, свершившееся к моменту речи.
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I have just translated the text and now I am free. |
Я только что перевела текст и теперь я свободна. |
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He has never been to England. |
Он никогда не был в Англии. |
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Have you spoken to him already? |
Вы уже разговаривали с ним? |
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I haven’t seen her since 1999. |
Я не видела её с 1999 года. |
b) the Present Perfect Continuous (have/has been + Participle I (Ving))
The Present Perfect Continuous содержит указание на полный период протекания действия. Действие, которое началось до момента речи и продолжалось до него или всё ещё продолжается. В этом значении Present Perfect Continuous употребляется с теми же словами и оборотами, что и Present Perfect (for 3 hours, since 1960, recently, lately). В русском переводе часто употребляется слово уже.
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I have been waiting for you for half an hour. |
Я жду тебя уже полчаса. |
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He has been working at the University for 20 years. |
Он работает в университете уже 20 лет. |
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How long have you been wearing this coat? – For 5 years. |
Как давно ты носишь это пальто? – 5 лет. |
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They haven’t been training for 2 hours as they have just told you. |
Они не тренируются 2 часа, как они тебе только что сказали. |