1. Раскройте скобки и выберите глагол в требуемом залоге: действительном или страдательном.

Образец: New types of integrated circuits (have developed; have been developed) lately. – New types of integrated circuits have been developed lately.

1. Electronic devices (help; are helped) people discover new phenomena of nature.

2. The transistor (replaced; was replaced) by vacuum tubes thanks to its numerous advantages.

3. Due to transistors all circuit functions (carried out; were carried out) inside semiconductors.

4. Electronic devices (use; are used) in scientific research.

5. Before the invention of the transistor its function (performed; was performed) by vacuum tubes.

6. The reliability of electronic systems (connect; is connected) with the number of discrete components.

7. Semiconductor integrated circuits (helped; were helped) to increase reliability of devices.

2. Преобразуйте следующие предложения действительного залога в страдательный по образцу.

People widely use electronic devices.

Electronic devices are widely used by people.

1. Electronic devices control the work of power stations.

2. They calculate the trajectories of spaceships.

3. People discover new phenomena of nature due to electronic devices.

4. Scientists designed a variety of tubes for specialized functions.

5. American scientists invented the transistor in 1948.

6. Integrated circuits greatly reduced the size of devices.

7. New types of integrated circuits increased packing density.

8. Electronics has extended man's intellectual power.

9. Scientists are looking for new ways for the improvement of integrated circuits technology.

10. Jack Kilby developed the concept of integrating device and built the first IС in 1958.

3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в действительном или страдательном залоге

Образец: It is known that an analyst (use; uses; is used) a computer to solve specific problems. – It is known that an analyst uses a computer to solve specific problems.

1. Computers (applied; are applied; are applying) for automatic piloting and automatic navigation.

2. The programs (write; have written; are written) to help people in the use of the computer system.

3. As digital computers (count; counted; are counted) quickly, they widely (use; used; are used) in business data processing.

4. Once data (entered; have entered; have been entered) correctly into the data processing system, the possibility of error (reduced; is reduced; are reduced).

4. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на употребление форм страдательного залога.

1. These digits are easily multiplied.

2. I was asked many questions about my work.

3. They were explained how to solve this problem on a computer.

4. The sequence of reasonable operations has been performed by the computer.

5. The new department of mathematics has just been opened.

6. Many books on computers' organization and architecture had been translated from Russian into English by the end of last year.

7. The experiments on the new microcomputer were being carried out during the whole month.

8. All the digits are recorded on the paper tape when addition is performed.

9. The new key adding machine was transferred into the next room yesterday.

10. The sequence of reasonable operations is now being carried out by thismicrocomputer.

11. The conference was addressed by a well-known scientist.

12. The invention of computers was spoken of at the last lecture.

13. Modern personal computers are always looked at with interest.

14. Many new branches of industry have been developed in our country since World War II.