Дополнительный словарь:

complex – сложный to consume – потреблять consumer – потребитель

to realize – понять, осознать smart – умный

decade – декада, десятилетие

top – верх, вершина

are shipped – поставляются

on top of DOS – «сверху», на основе ДОС

with a click of a mouse – одним щелчком кнопки мыши

multiple users – многочисленные пользователи

simultaneously – одновременно

to desire – желать

5. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1. What problems faced programmers in the 1940's and 1950's?

2. Why were the first programmes «complex» and «time-consuming»?

3. What are the basic functions of operating system?

4. What does the abbreviation DOS mean?

5. What is the difference between the PC-DOS and MS-DOS

6. What does the abbreviation NT stand for? Is NT DOS-compatible? What are the basic requirements for NT?

7. Who is the developer of OS/2?

8. What makes UNIX so different from the other operational systems?

9. What are the special features of Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000?

6. Заполните пропуски данными словами.

a) UNIX b) DOS c) NT d) OS/2 e) Windows 95

1. Like NT,… is DOS compatible and provides a graphical user interface that lets you run programmes with a click of a mouse.

2. ... is the most commonly used PC operating system.

3. ... is a multi-user operating system that allows multiple users to access the system.

4. ... is an operating system developed by Microsoft, an enhanced version of the popular Microsoft Windows programmes.

5. The usage of ... is so simple that even little kids learn how to use it very quickly.

7. Какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста.

1. When computers were first introduced in 40's and 50's programmers had to write programmes to instruct CD-ROMs, laser printers and scanners.

2. The operational system controls and manages the use of the hardware and the memory.

3. There are no commands available in operating systems; they are only in word processors.

4. Microsoft developed MS-DOS to compete with IBM's PC-DOS.

5. NT requires computers with 486 CPU and 16 Mb random access memory.

6. OS/2 is DOS compatible because it was developed by Microsoft.

7. Traditionally, UNIX was run by many users simultaneously.

8. Windows 95 and Windows 98 are DOS compatible and have very «friendly» and convenient interface.

Lesson 5

Грамматика: Future Tenses

a) The Future Simple Tense Active Voice ( +V)

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
I We shall write He (буду писать, She напишу) It will write You They	I Shall we write? he she Will it write? you they	I shall not (shan’t) We write He She It will not (won’t) You write They

b) The Future Continuous Tense Active Voice ( be +Participle I)

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
I shall be We writing He (буду писать) She It will be writing You They	I Shall we be writing? he she Will it be writing? you they	I shall not be We writing He She It will not be You writing They

с) The Future Perfect Tense Active Voice ( have +Participle II (V₃))

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
I shall have We written He (напишу) She It will have You written They	I Shall we have written? he she have Will it written? you they	I shall not have We written He She It will not have You written They

d) The Future Perfect Continuous Tense ( have been +Participle I)

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
I shall have We been writing He (буду писать) She It will have been You writing They	I have been Shall we writing? he she have been Will it writing? you they	I shall not have We been writing He She It will not have You been writing They

a) the Future Simple Tense

Вспомогательный глагол shall употребляется только с местоимениями I и we. Однако в современном языке наблюдается тенденция употребления will для всех лиц, тем более что эта разница исчезает в сокращённых формах: I’ll, we’ll, you’ll, she’ll, they’ll и т.д. Вопросительная и отрицательная формы образуются с помощью вспомогательных глаголов will или shall.

will not=won’t

shall not=shan’t

I won’t (shan’t) see him next Friday.