Обозначение хронологических дат в английском языке

In 1800 (In eighteen hundred) В 1800 году.

In 1905 (In nineteen о five) В 1905 году.

In 1952 (In nineteen fifty-two) В 1952 году.

In 2000 (In two thousand) В 2000 году.

In 2001 ( In two thousand one) В 2001 году.

March 21, 1964 (the twenty-first of March, nineteen sixty-four; March the twenty-first, nineteen sixty-four). Двадцать первое марта 1964 года.

On the tenth of February (on February the tenth) Десятого февраля.

1. Переведите безличные предложения. Обратите внимание на их специфику.

1. It is well known that personal computers enjoy great popularity among experimenters and hobbyists.

2. It took years to produce a high-speed computer performing a lot of functions.

3. When making up the summary of the text one should put down the exact title of the article, the author's name and the date of the edition.

4. It is difficult to imagine modern life without a computer.

5. It is quite impossible to listen to your English pronunciation: you make bad mistakes while reading.

6. Concerning these substances one must say that they vary in their composition.

7. When working with these substances one should be very careful.

8. It was once a universal practice to manufacture each of the components separately and then assemble the complete device by wiring (монтаж) the components together with metallic conductors.

9. It was no good: the more components and interactions, the less reliable the system.

10. It should first be made clear what the term "microelectronics" means.

2. Догадайтесь о значении следующих интернациональных слов и словосочетаний:

Electronics; electrons; physics; information; microelectronics; industrial design; to calculate trajectories; phenomena of nature; automatization of production processes; organisms; vacuum tubes; specialized functions; progress in radio communication technology; transistor; electrode; components; to realize; communication system; technology; descrete components; chip.

3. Прочитайте по-английски.

1) Количественные числительные:

3, 5, 11, 12, 13, 24, 69, 325, 1015, 530425, 1.745.033.

2) Порядковые числительные:

1, 2, 15, 23, 84, 149, 150, 208, 1000, 2.000.000.

4. Напишите цифрами следующие даты.

1) The first of March nineteen seventy-six.

2) The fifth of December two thousand.

3) The sixteenth of May nineteen five.

4) The third of July nineteen hundred.

5. Напишите по-английски.

1) 7 марта 1999 года;

2) 1 сентября 1974 года;

3) 22 апреля 1911 года;

4) 11 марта 1951 года;

5) 12 декабря 2024 года.

6. Прочитайте и переведите следующий текст.

Advantages of Computer Data Processing

Computer-oriented data processing systems or just computer data processing systems are not designed to imitate manual systems. They should combine the capabilities of both humans and computers. Computer data processing systems can be designed to take advantage of four capabilities of computers.

1. Accuracy. Once data have been entered correctly into the computer component of a data processing system, the need for further manipulation by humans is eliminated, and the possibility of error is reduced. Computers, when properly programmed, are also unlikely to make computational errors. Of course, computer systems remain vulnerable to the entry by humans of invalid data.

2. Ease of communications. Data, once entered, can be transmitted wherever needed by communications networks. These may be either earth or satellite-based systems. A travel reservations system is an example of a data communications network. Reservation clerks throughout the world may make an enquiry about transportation or lodgings and receive an almost instant response. Another example is an office communications system that provides executives with access to a reservoir of date, called a corporate data base, from their personal microcomputer work stations.

3. Capacity of storage. Computers are able to store vast amounts of information, to organize it, and to retrieve it in ways that are far beyond the capabilities of humans. The amount of data that can be stored on devices such as magnetic discs is constantly increasing. All the while, the cost per character of data stored is decreasing.

4. Speed. The speed, at which computer data processing systems can respond, adds to their value. For example, the travel reservations system mentioned above would not be useful if clients had to wait more than a few seconds for a response. The response required might be a fraction of a second.

Thus, an important objective in the design of computer data processing systems is to allow computers to do what they do best and to free humans from routine, error-prone tasks. The most cost-effective computer data processing system is the one that does the job effectively and at the least cost. By using computers in a cost-effective manner, we will be better able to respond to the challenges and opportunities of our post-industrial, information-dependent society.