Variant “b”

Pre-reading tasks

1. Запомните следующие слова и словосочетания:

1. economics (n) [i׃kə`nomiks] – экономическая наука, экономика

2. difficult (adj) [`difikəlt] – трудный

3. possible (adj) [`posəbl] – возможный

4. to be interested in smth – интересоваться чем-либо

5. to affect smth (v) [ə`fekt] – влиять, воздействовать на что-либо

6. price (n) [prais] – цена

7. necessary (adj) [`nesisəri] – необходимый, нужный

8. to sell (v) [sel] – продавать

9. to buy (v) [bai] – покупать

10. behaviour (n) [bi`heivjə] – поведение

11. market (n) [`ma׃kit] – рынок

12. relationship (n) [ri`leiʃənʃip] – отношение, взаимоотношение

13. to develop (v) [di`veləp] – разрабатывать, развивать, совершенствовать

14. area (n) [`εəriə]- область, район, территория

15. labour (n) [`leibə] – труд, рабочая сила

16. prediction (n) [pri`dikʃn] – предсказание, прогноз

17. to follow smth (v) [`foləu] – следовать за кем-либо/чем-либо

18. essential (adj) [i`senʃəl] – обязательный, необходимый, существенный

19. particular (adj) [pə`tikjulə] – конкретный, частный, отдельный

20. to choose (v) [tʃu׃z] – выбирать

21. actual (adj) [`æktʃuəl] – фактический

22. to make a decision – принимать решение

23. enough (adv) [i`nΛf] – достаточно

24. data (n pl) [`deitə] – данные

2. Translate the following word and word-combinations from English into Russian:

accurate definition, to indicate, growth economics problem, main approaches, development economics, price system, market mechanism, specialized areas, to follow rules, an abstraction from a real life, although, trade growth prediction.

3. Make the corresponding verbs using these nouns:

buying, development, prediction, choice, decision, achievement, definition, indication, approach, specialization.

4. Find synonyms among the following words:

essential, customer, actual, sufficient, to affect, necessary, seller, to select, buyer, real, area, to influence, prediction, shop-assistant, to choose, region, full, forecast.

5. In the dictionary find antonyms to these words:

difficult, possible, necessary, specialized, accurate, correct, legal.

Text

What is economics?

It’s difficult to give a full and accurate definition of economics, but it’s possible to indicate what problems economists are interested in. They are factors that affect prices of goods and services and also resources necessary to produce them. Economists are also interested in sellers’ and buyers’ behaviour in the market, in the relationship between “price system” and “market mechanism”.

Now economics is more complex. There are three main approaches to economics: microeconomics, macroeconomics and development economics.

Like many other sciences, economics uses models to understand economic problems. A model helps an economist to make correct predictions. The economists usually follows several rules when they make a model of economic behaviour.

First, real life is complex and it’s not possible for economists to include all the details in a model. So, a model is an abstraction from real life and includes only essential elements and relationships of a particular economic situation.

Second, economists choose the very model that predicts the results of a particular phenomenon more accurately.

Third, although models are helpful in economic analysis, economists always study the actual economic situation before they make decisions.

It’s not enough to make models, it’s also necessary to collect and study actual data in order to know how accurate a model is.

Tasks to the text:

1. Fill in the following words from the texts (use the appropriate form of the words): data (2); enough, to provide; to follow; relationship, market; to predict; to develop; to be interested in; essential; to affect.

1. Trade … well in this area.

2. It’s necessary to have correct … to make a correct decision.

3. He does not have … money to … the radio.

4. Economists study the … between prices of different goods in the … .

5. The economist … … … industrial economics.

6. The growth of industry and agriculture … the life of all the people in the country.

7. It’s possible to … prices for … goods.

8. He always … our recommendations.

9. The manager makes decisions only after careful analysis of all the … .

2. Answer the questions:

1. What problems are economists interested in?

2. What are three main approaches to economics?

3. Why do the economists use economic models?

4. Why is it not possible to include all the details in a model?

5. What does a model usually include?

6. Which of the models does an economist always choose?

7. Who studies actual economic situation before make a decision?

8. Why is it necessary for an economist to collect and study actual data?

3. Write a short summary to the text (not more than 5 sentences).

Выполните упражнения на закрепление грамматики.

1. Вставьте артикли.

1. This is … manager. … manager is American.

2. This is … flue. … flue is … good.

3. These are … services. … services are important for plants.

4. These are … books. … books are on mining.

1. Измените словосочетания, используя притяжательный падеж существительных

1. behaviour of the buyer

2. behaviour of buyers

3. work of an economist

4. work of economists

5. people of the town

6. people of the towns

1. Замените подчеркнутые слова и словосочетания соответствующими местоимениями

1. The prices are high.

2. People produce goods and services.

3. Economics is interesting.

4. Economists make models because they want to use these modals in economic analyses.

1. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в нужной форме.

1. A consumer (to be) a person who (to buy) goods and services.

2. He (not / to follow) our recommendations.

3. I (not / to study) economics last year.

4. What data the economist (to analyze) last year?

5. The firm (not / to supply) the city with agricultural products yesterday.

6. I (not / to finish) my report about exports of foodstuffs to developed countries yet, but I (to find) already the necessary data in the Internet.

7. Unemployment (to grow) at the moment?

Контрольная работа № 2

(2 семестр)

Для выполнения заданий контрольной работы № 2 необходимо повторить следующий грамматический материал.

• Имя прилагательное

• Повелительное наклонение глагола

• Модальные глаголы

• Предлоги (выучить употребление предлогов в устойчивых сочетаниях)

1. Имя прилагательное