4.4 Даты

2000 BC two thousand

3rd January 1985 the third of January nineteen eighty-five

4.5 Номера телефона

66038 double six oh three eight Упражнение:

Прочитайте по-английски:

Количественные числительные: 3, 5, 11, 12, 14, 27, 69, 325, 1861, 530473

Порядковые числительные: 1, 2, 15, 23, 84, 149, 160, 208, 3000

Назовите предыдущее и последующее число для каждого из вышеуказанных числительных.

Прочитайте даты: 5 апреля 1967 года, 1 сентября 1885 года, 26 мая 2024 года.

Назовите дату своего рождения.

Прочитайте дробные числительные: 2/3, 5/7, 8/15, ½, 0.12, 35.794, 9045.23

Variant “a”

Pre-reading tasks

1. Запомните следующие слова и словосочетания:

1.economy (n) [i`konəmi] – хозяйство, экономика

2. to include smth in smth (v) [in`klu׃d] – включать что-либо в состав чего-либо, содержать

3. industry (n) [`indəstri] – отрасль, промышленность

4. good (n) [gud] – товар, изделие

5. such as [sΛtʃ æz] – такой как

as – так как; в качестве; по мере того как

6. agriculture (n) [`ægrikΛltʃə]- сельское хозяйство

7. crop farming (n) [krop `fa׃miŋ] – растениеводство

animal farming (n) [`æniməl `fa׃miŋ] – животноводство

8.mining (n) [`mainiŋ] – горная промышленность

9. to belong to (v) [bi`loŋ] – принадлежать кому-либо, относиться к чему-либо

10. resource(s) (n) [ri`so׃s(iz)] – ресурс(ы), средства

11. processing (n) [`prəusesiŋ] – обработка, переработка

12. manufacturing (n) [ֽmænju`fæktʃəriŋ] – (промышленное) производство

13. to produce (v) [prə`dju׃s] – производить, вырабатывать

14. by means of – посредством

15. to provide smth for smbd/smth (v) [prə`vaid] – обеспечивать кого-либо/что-либо чем-либо

16. service (n) [`sə׃vis] – услуга, обслуживание

17. fuel (n) [`fjuəl] – топливо, горючее

18. consumer (n) [kən`sju׃mə] – потребитель

19. trade (n) [treid] – торговля

20. to use (v) [ju׃z] – использовать, применять

21. growth (n) [grəuθ] – рост, развитие

2. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания на русский язык:

the primary sector, the secondary sector, the tertiary sector, main branches, partially, manual processing, forestry, beekeeping, insurance, public services, lawyer, an important role, a tendency for, especially.

3. Образуйте глаголы используя данные существительные:

processing, manufacturing, production, provision, growth, trade, payment, distribution, decision, investment.

4. Найдите синонимы среди предложенных слов :

sector, manufacture, agriculture, direction, provide, various, produce, branch, different, social, trade, farming, public, chief, tendency, business, main, supply.

5. В словаре найдите антонимы данных слов:

include, rich, intensively, stable, compatible, agreement, sufficient.

Text

Sectors of the economy

There are three main sectors in any economy: the primary sector, the secondary sector and the tertiary sector.

The primary sector of economy includes industries that get goods from nature, such as agriculture and mining. There are two main branches in agriculture: crop and animal farming. Mining partially belongs to the secondary sector as mineral resources need industrial processing. Forestry, fishing and beekeeping also belong to this sector.

Manufacturing industries which produce goods by means of mechanical, electrical of chemical, but not manual, processing of resources belong to the secondary sector. People who do not produce goods but provide different services for plants and factories work for the secondary sector, for example plant and factory manager. The sector also includes companies that provide fuel, energy and transport for manufacturing.

The tertiary sector provides different services to consumers, such as trade, transport, banking insurance and other public services. Teachers, doctors, tourists

agents, drivers, lawyer and others work in the tertiary sector

There are countries which are rich in land. They can use land intensively and produce agricultural products and minerals. Manufacturing plays an important role in the world economy, but there is a tendency for the growth of the service sector in many economies, especially in industrialized countries.

Задания к тексту:

1. Вставьте следующие слова, используя необходимую форму слова: agriculture; to provide; mining; by means of; growth; trade as; consumers, goods, services; to include; to produce.

1. Canals … water for crop farming.

2. There is a tendency for … of the trade between the two countries.

3. … is an important branch of the economy … it helps industry and agriculture to provide goods for consumers.

4. … are people for whom all industries produce … and … .

5. They process minerals … … … chemical reactions.

6. … belongs to the primary and to the secondary sectors.

7. The primary sector … mining, agriculture, hunting, fishing and beekeeping.

8. Countries that are rich in land … agricultural products.

9. Crop farming and animal farming are branches of … .

2. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What are the sectors of an economy?

2. What industries does the primary sector include?

3. Why does mining partially belong to the secondary sector?

4. How do manufacturing industries produce goods?

5. Do any services belong to the secondary sector?

6. What does the tertiary sector include?

7. Which sector grows in industrialized countries?

3. Напишите краткое изложение по тексту (не более 5 предложений).

Выполните упражнения на закрепление грамматики.

1. Вставьте артикли.

1. This is … resource. … resource is important.

2. This is … plant. … plant produces these goods.

3. These are … managers. … managers are Russian and American.

4. These are … people. … people are from … small towns.

1. Измените словосочетания, используя притяжательный падеж существительных

1. goods of the seller

2. goods of sellers

3. behaviour of the woman

4. behaviour of the women

5. services of the seller

6. services of sellers

1. Замените подчеркнутые слова соответствующими местоимениями

1. We are interested in prices for services.

2. The woman is an economist.

3. A model is usually includes essential elements of a particular economic situation.

4. We study economics as we want to work as managers.

1. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в нужной форме.

1. She always (to buy) a lot of clothes.

2. The prices for fuel (to be) very high.

3. The data (not / to be) necessary now.

4. The family income (not / to rise) last year.

5. They (to make) a correct decision yesterday? – No? they … .

6. Some African countries (not / to solve) the problem of education for all population yet, but they (to reach) a success in some industries recently.

7. The factory (to employ) new workers now.