Вопросительные предложения. Общий вопрос
В английском языке можно выделить несколько типов вопросительных предложений: общие, специальные и разделительные вопросительные предложения или вопросы.
Общий вопрос это вопрос ко всему предложению, требующий ответа "Да" или "Нет". В русском языке таким вопросительным предложениям соответствуют вопросы типа: Ты был сегодня в институте? – Да (Нет). Подобные вопросы в английском языке часто называют " Yes-No questions" по типу ответа, который на них дают.
Для того чтобы задать общий вопрос, надо на первое место в предложении поставить вспомогательный или модальный глагол, если таковые имеются в исходном (утвердительном) предложении. Если же их нет, то используется вспомогательный глагол to do в соответствующем лице, числе и времени.
Н
апример:
The doctor has examined the patient.
Has the doctor examined the patient?
Yes, he has.
No, he has not (hasn’t)
The students may be present at the operation.
May the students be present at the operation?
Yes, they may.
No, the may not.
T
he
doctor can help this patient.
Can the doctor help this patient?
Yes, he can.
No, he cannot (can't).
He is a good specialist.
Is he a good specialist?
Yes, he is.
No, he is not ( isn't).
H
e
will go to the library tomorrow.
Will he go to the library tomorrow?
Yes, he will.
No, he will not (won't.}
This boy has been learning English for 5 years.
Has this boy been learning English for 5 years?
Yes, he has.
No, he has not ( hasn't).
The scientist made an experiment.
Did the scientist made an experiment?
Yes, he did.
No, he did not (didn't) .
Упражнение 1. Задайте общий вопрос к следующим предложениям и дайте на него краткий ответ.
A)
1. My mother is a doctor. 2. The lecture was interesting. 3. This patient is ill with hepatitis. 4. There were many students in the room. 5. He was on duty two days ago. 6. The patient was reading a book when the doctor entered the ward. 7. The case history was filled in by the nurse on duty. 8. The experiment was being carried out for 2 hours already. 9. The nurse on duty is not well.
B)
1. I have just come. 2. The nurse has taken the patient’s temperature. 3. My friend has been learning English for 4 years already. 4. Once he had had a flue (грипп). 5. I have never been there. 6. The patient has been asked a lot of questions. 7. The drug was being tested for nearly two years in clinic. 8. The experiment has been successfully finished. 9. He has just had the lecture. 10. They have never been present at the operation.
C)
1. This patient will be operated tomorrow. 2. The clinic will be built next year. 3. We shall do this work next month. 4. He will have to come here in two days. 5. There will be a conference in our institute. 6. The drug will be tested thoroughly before clinical use. 7. I shall be doing the experiment this time tomorrow.
D)
1. The doctor goes to visit his patients after his work. 2. Yesterday my friend went to visit his relatives. 3. I know you well. 4. The doctor in charge makes his daily rounds of the wards in the morning. 5. He knows English well. 6. Last year my friend and I spent our summer holidays in the country. 7. My friend wants to be a surgeon. 8. This young scientist made an important observation. 9. I have a lot of things to do. 10. They like to read books.
E)
1. You may go now. 2. He can do this work. 3. You should be more attentive when examining a patient. 4. He must come in time. 5. She could have finished the experiment already. 6. You may visit him in a week. 7. This doctor ought to be more attentive to the needs of his patients.
Упражнение 2. Укажите правильный вариант перевода английского вопросительного предложения на русский язык.
1. Were you in the institute yesterday? |
1.Вы не могли сделать это раньше? |
2. Will you go to the cinema with me? |
2. Они что, проводят это исследование 2 месяца? |
3. Couldn't you do it earlier? |
3. Вы слышали об этом? |
4. May I go with you? |
4. У вас измерили давление? |
5. Do you like to read books? |
5. Можно я пойду с тобой? |
6. Did you hear about it? |
6. Ты был вчера в институте? |
7. Does this patient suffer hepatitis? |
7. Это эффективное лекарство? |
8. Have you seen this film already? |
8. Вы что, не знаете об этом? |
9. Is this drug effective? |
9. У вас хорошие результаты |
10. Have you been examined already? |
анализа крови? |
11. Was your blood pressure measured? |
10. Ты пойдешь со мной в кино? |
12. Are the results of your |
11. Вы уже видели этот фильм? |
blood test satisfactory? |
12. Вы любите читать книги? |
13. Have they been carrying out the |
13. Вас уже обследовали? |
experiment for 2 months? |
14. У этого больного гепатит? |
14. Don't you know about it? |
15. Разве вы его еще не видели? |
15. Haven’t you seen him yet? |
|
Упражнение 3. Какой вспомогательный/модальный глагол надо использовать, чтобы задать общий вопрос к следующим предложениям.
1. My friend is a first year student. 2. All the students of our group are from Saint-Petersburg. 3. The drug has been thoroughly tested under laboratory conditions. 4. The lecture was delivered by a famous neurologist. 5. Once this disease had been widely spread in this area. 6. He can carry out this operation himself. 7. The girl will be operated for gastric ulcer. 8. Blood analysis had to be made several days ago. 9. You are to go there just after the lessons. 10. The nurse carries out all the doctor's prescriptions. 11. My friend often goes to the dissecting room. 12. I know this physician well. 13. My parents don’t want me to become a surgeon. 14. I shall go home today at 4 o'clock. 15. I like my studies at the Academy. 16. You may do this work after the lessons.
Упражнение 4. Исправьте порядок следования членов предложения, где это необходимо.
1. Has been he ever present at the lectures? 2. Being was he read a book by the nurse when the doctor entered the ward? 3. Just has he come? 4. Has she been studying English for 7 years already? 5. He is a surgeon? 6. Interesting was the lecture? 7. Has this operated patient been already? 8. Was being the drug tested in laboratory for the last two years? 9. This scientist has just returned from the conference?
Упражнение 5. Составьте и переведите на русский язык вопросительные предложения.
Did the student seriously ill
Were the exam on biochemistry
Will this drug effective for headache
Is the disease have your chest X-rayed
Are this book study in our institute
Has you go to the cinema
Have these patient(s) like anatomy
Am they difficult
Do the nurse continue to spread
Does these instrument(s) a dangerous one
Shall the doctor ill with tuberculosis
they present at the lecture
she filled in a case history
my parents interesting
we know about it
the clinic used in clinic
I an interesting person
the method have any new subjects this term