Сети и телекоммуникации

]bi_jl_dklh\u_ kkuedb \ wlhf ^hdmf_gl_ k\h^y ijhp_^mjm aZijhkZ gh\hc kljZgbpu k k_j\_jZ d s_eqdm furvx ih khhl\_lkl\mxs_c kkued_ dhlhjZy fh`_l [ulv ij_^klZ\e_gZ \ ^hdmf_gl_ dZd keh\hf beb njZahc lZd b bah[jZ`_gb_f

>jm`_kl\_gguc b bglmblb\gh ykguc bgl_jn_ck WWW, _]h aZo\Zlu\ZxsZy bgl_jZdlb\ghklv b [h]Zlu_ bah[jZabl_evgu_ \ha- fh`ghklb :::-^hdmf_glh\ ijhba\_eb gZklhysbc i_j_\hjhl \ Bgl_jg_l_ ij_\jZlb\ _]h ba kj_^kl\Z h[s_gby mq_guo b jZa\e_q_gby klm^_glh\ \ h^bg ba hkgh\guo bgkljmf_glh\ kh\j_f_ggh]h [bag_kZ b \ kj_^kl\h fZkkh\hc bgnhjfZpbb h[jZah\Zgby b jZa\e_q_gby Ih^jh[g__ fu [m^_f ]h\hjblv h WWW \ ]e 1

NZceh\u_ k_j\_ju b [Zau ^Zgguo

Fgh]b_ djmigu_ maeu k_lb y\eyxlky \ lh `_ \j_fy b nZceh\ufb k_j\_jZfb l _ ojZgbebsZfb jZaghh[jZaguo nZceh\ ijh]jZff l_dklh\ ]jZnbdb ^Zxsbfb \hafh`ghklv ex[hfm `_eZxs_fm bkdZlv ijhkfZljb\Zlv b ihemqZlv wlb nZceu q_j_a k_lv Djhf_ lh]h fgh]b_ hj]ZgbaZpbb — dhff_jq_kdb_ nbjfu [b[ebhl_db mgb\_jkbl_lu ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggu_ mqj_`^_gby — mkljZb\Zxl gZ k\hbo maeZo k_lb h[s_^hklmigu_ [Zau ^Zgguo ih khhl\_lkl\mxs_c l_fZlbd_ lZd \Zf o\Zlbl ihemqZkZ qlh[u ijh[_`Zlvky ih _\jhi_ckdbf [b[ebhl_dZf \ ihbkdZo kkuedb gZ gm`gmx dgb]m beb ihemqblv k ijZ\bl_evkl\_ggh]h k_j\_jZ \ <Zrbg]lhg_ hlq_l h[ Zf_jbdZgkdhc wdhghfbd_ aZ ijhreuc ]h^

QZs_ \k_]h wlZ bgnhjfZpby ij_^hklZ\ey_lky \ j_`bf_ online q_j_a bgl_jn_ck WWW ^ey ihevah\Zl_e_c k ihqlh\uf ih^dexq_gb_f kms_kl\mxl g_dhlhju_ h[oh^gu_ imlb ihemq_gby lZdhc bgnhjfZpbb h dhlhjuo fu ih]h\hjbf ih^jh[g__ gZ klj

BgnhjfZpbhgguc \aju\ \ kZfhf WWW ijb\_e d ihy\e_gbx hkh[uo ihbkdh\uo k_j\_jh\ — Z\lhfZlbq_kdbo ijh]jZff dhlhju_ kdZqb\Zxl b aZghkyl \ h^gm [hevrmx [Zam ^Zgguo kh^_j`bfh_ \k_o ^hdmf_glh\ ^h dhlhjuo hgb fh]ml ^h[jZlvky gZ WWW Z aZl_f iha\heyxl \k_f `_eZxsbf hkms_kl\eylv ihbkd \ wlhc [Za_ ih dexq_\uf keh\Zf Ihkdhevdm k_cqZk ijZdlbq_kdb ex[u_ j_kmjku \ dZdhf [u \b^_ hgb gb [ueb ij_^klZ\e_gu h[yaZl_evgh bf_xl :::-bgl_jn_ck lZdb_ ihbkdh\u_ kbkl_fu y\eyxlky [_amkeh\gh kZfuf wnn_dlb\guf bgkljmf_glhf ^ey gZoh`^_gby ijZdlbq_kdb ex[hc bgnhjfZpbb

<uoh^ gZ ^jm]b_ kj_^kl\Z k\yab

Ihfbfh lh]h qlh \k_ k_lb k\yaZgu ^jm] k ^jm]hf fgh]b_ ba gbo ij_^hklZ\eyxl ^hklmi b d ^jm]bf kj_^kl\Zf k\yab l_e_nZdkm l_e_dkm l_e_]jZnm i_c^`bg]h\hc k\yab b ^Z`_ h[uqghc [mfZ`ghc ihql_ — b \k_ wlh g_ \klZ\Zy ba-aZ dhfivxl_jZ

Dhg_qgh ihkeZlv nZdk gZijyfmx qZklh [uklj__ l_f [he__ qlh nZdk-fh^_fu — kf klj — iha\heyxl ^_eZlv wlh ^Z`_ [_a nZdkZiiZjZlZ gh _keb \Zr Z^j_kZl gZoh^blky gZ ^jm]hf dhgp_ ieZg_lu bf__l kfuke \hkihevah\Zlvky mkem]Zfb hkh[uo ©rexah\ª — maeh\ k_lb ijbgbfZxsbo ibkvfZ ih we_dljhgghc ihql_ b hlijZ\eyxsbo bo nZdkhf gZ aZdZaZgguc ghf_j GZ wlhf `_ rexa_ \u fh`_l_ aZ\_klb k\hc ihqlh\uc ysbd b ijboh^ysb_ gZ \Zr_ bfy nZdku lZd`_ [m^ml i_j_ijZ\eylvky \Zf ih we_dljhgghc ihql_ ?kl_kl\_ggh nbjfZ [_j_l gZ k_[y \k_ aZ[hlu ih ^h-a\hgm dZq_kl\m k\yab b l i

— qlh ih-fh_fm kem`bl g_iehohc dhfi_gkZpb_c aZ g_dhlhjmx ihl_jx hi_jZlb\ghklb

Lhqgh lZd `_ k ihfhsvx hkh[uo rexah\ fh`gh hlijZ\eylv ba k_lb l_e_]jZffu b h[uqgu_ ibkvfZ Ij_^klZ\vl_ qlh \u ihkueZ_l_ l_dkl khh[s_gby gZ ki_pbZevguc ma_e lZf _]h jZki_qZlu\Zxl \deZ^u\Zxl \ dhg\_jl b hlijZ\eyxl ih mdZaZgghfm Z^j_km — dZd ijZ\beh \k_ wlh ijhbkoh^bl gZ mae_ fZdkbfZevgh [ebadhf d f_klm gZagZq_gby ibkvfZ lZd qlh h[s__ \j_fy ^hklZ\db aZf_lgh khdjZsZ_lky hkh[_ggh _keb kjZ\gb\Zlv k gZr_c jhkkbckdhc ihqlhc

;hevrbgkl\h kem`[ i_c^`bg]h\hc k\yab ij_^hklZ\eyxl \hafh`ghklv ihkueZlv khh[s_gby \eZ^_evpm i_c^`_jZ ih we_dljhgghc ihql_ q_j_a ki_pbZevguc Z^j_k-rexa qlh aZqZklmx m^h[g__gZijbf_j _keb khh[s_gb_ kh^_j`bl pbnjh\u_ ^Zggu_ b ihqlb klhev `_ hi_jZlb\gh dZd gZ^bdlh\u\Zgb_ lh]h `_ khh[s_gby ih l_e_nhgm hi_jZlhjm Ex[bl_eb fh[bevghklb fh]ml lZd`_ ihevah- \Zlvky ki_pbZevgufb fh^_fZfb ^ey i_j_ghkguo dhfivxl_jh\ ij_^gZagZq_ggufb ^ey k\yab q_j_a khlh\mx l_e_nhggmx k_lv.

< kZfh_ ihke_^g__ \j_fy l_ogheh]bb Bgl_jg_lZ \lhj]Zxlky b \ lZdb_ ljZ^bpbhggu_ h[eZklb dZd l_e_nhgby b l_e_\b^_gb_ LZd ijhimkdgZy kihkh[ghklv kh\j_f_gguo fh^_fh\ m`_ iha\hey_l i_j_^Z\Zlv k bo ihfhsvx \iheg_ ijbebqgh]h dZq_kl\Z a\md aZdh^bjh\Zgguc ihlhdhf [Zclh\ >hklZlhqgh gZibkZlv ijh]jZffm dhlhjZy [m^_l dh^bjh\Zlv b hlijZ\eylv ih dZgZeZf Bgl_jg_lZ \Zr ]hehk k ih^dexq_ggh]h d dhfivxl_jm fbdjhnhgZ — b \u ihemqbl_ \ k\h_ jZkihjy`_gb_ iheguc ZgZeh] h[uqgh]h l_e_nhgZ iha\heyxsbc i_j_]h\Zjb\Zlvky k ihevah\Zl_e_f Bgl_jg_lZ \ ex[hc lhqd_ fbjZ ieZly g_ [hevr_ q_f \u h[uqgh ieZlbl_ aZ k\hc online-^hklmi qlh \h fgh]h ^_kyldh\ jZa ^_r_\e_ ex[h]h f_`^mgZjh^gh]h jZa]h\hjZ

M`_ ihy\eyxlky dhfiZgbb h[_ki_qb\Zxsb_ k\yav ih wlhc l_ogheh]bc k `bl_eyfb djmiguo ]hjh^h\ — ijbq_f ^Z`_ k l_fb dlh g_ bf__l gbdZdh]h hlghr_gby d Bgl_jg_lm Z bf__l ebrv l_e_nhgguc ghf_j Ijb wlhf ©f_`^mgZjh^gZyª qZklv fZjrjmlZ a\hgdZ b^_l q_j_a Bgl_jg_l Z ^hklb]gm\ maeZ k_lb \ ]hjh^_ gZagZq_gby a\md k ihfhsvx ki_pbZevgh]h mkljhckl\Z ljZgkebjm_lky gZ gm`guc ghf_j m`_ ih f_klghc l_e_nhgghc k_lb Wlhc `_ l_ogheh]b_c ihevamxlky Bgl_jg_l-jZ^bhklZgpbb qvb i_j_^Zqb fh`_l kemrZlv ex[hc ihevah\Zl_ev k ^hklZlhqgh kdhjhklguf ih^dexq_gb_f d k_lb

L_ dlh ih^dexq_g d Bgl_jg_lm g_ q_j_a fh^ _f Z q_j_a dZgZeu k [hevr_c ijhimkdghc kihkh[ghklvx gZijbf_j ISDN kf klj

fh]ml h[f_gb\Zlvky \ j_Zevghf \j_f_gb g_ lhevdh a\mdhf gh b bah[jZ`_gb_f Wlh ^_eZ_l ^hklmighc m`_ k_]h^gy j_Zevghklvx \b^_hl_e_nhg `b\u_ \b^_hdhgn_j_gpbb k mqZklb_f ex^_c kh \k_o dhgph\ ieZg_lu ihfgbl_ ©l_e_fhkluª [u\rb_ dh]^Z-lh kh[ulb_f _^\Z eb g_ ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc \Z`ghklb"Z \ i_jki_dlb\_ — b ijhklh ijyfh_ l_e_\_sZgb_ q_j_a Bgl_jg_l

: ihdZ wlZ jhkdhrv ^hklmigZ _s_ g_ \k_f ij_^ijbbfqb\u_ we_dljhggu_ dhfiZgbb ij_^eZ]Zxl bghc \ZjbZgl h[t_^bg_gby \hafh`ghkl_c WWW b l_e_\b^_gby — mkljhckl\h ihemqb\r__ gZa\Zgb_ ©WebTVª WlZ ijbklZ\dZ d l_e_\bahjm klhbfhklvx hdheh lj_okhl ^heeZjh\ khklhbl ba fh^_fZ fbdjhijhp_kkhjZ b g_[hevrh]h dhebq_kl\Z iZfylb \ dhlhjhc aZibkZgZ ijh]jZffZ- [jhma_j Ih^dexqb\ wlh mkljhckl\h d l_e_nhgghc jha_ld_ b jZamf__lky ^h]h\hjb\rbkv k nbjfhc-ijh\Zc^_jhf h ^hklmi_ d Bgl_jg_lm \u ihemqbl_ \hafh`ghklv qblZlvZHE-kljZgbpu ijyfh gZ wdjZg_ k\h_]h l_e_\bahjZ \u[bjZy ]bi_jl_dklh\u_ kkuedb k ihfhsvx imevlZ ^bklZgpbhggh]h mijZ\e_gby

B fgh]h_ ^jm]h_

Ex[hc ma_e k_lb — wlh ij_`^_ \k_]h dhfivxl_j dhlhjuc fh`_l \k_ qlh fh]ml k_cqZk dhfivxl_ju Z wlh hq_gv fgh]h — Z djhf_ lh]h ]hlh\ ij_^hklZ\blv ^hklmi q_j_a k_lv d wlbf k\hbf \hafh`ghklyf \k_f `_eZxsbf LZd Z\lhjZf ZHE-kljZgbp ij_^eZ]Zxl k\hb mkem]b g_fZeh k_j\_jh\ ijh]jZffu gZ dhlhjuo [_kieZlgh ijh\_jyl ijZ\bevghklv jZaf_ldb b kkuehd \ \Zr_f ^hdmf_gl_ ihfh]ml hilbfbabjh\Zlv ]jZnbq_kdb_ nZcev b l i GZ h^ghf ba maeh\ \ I_l_j[mj]_ _klv Z\lhfZlbq_kdbc i_j_\h^qbd dhlhjhfm fh`gh ihkueZlv l_dklu b ihemqZlv hl g_]h i_j_\h^u ih we_dljhgghc ihql_ : \h NjZgpbb _klv fZrbgZ dhlhjZy j_rbl \Zf ex[h_ ^bnn_j_gpbZevgh_ mjZ\g_gb_ — _kl_kl\_ggh mkeh\by aZ^Zqb b hl\_l lZd`_ hlijZ\eyxlky we_dljhgguf ibkvfhf

G_ f_g__ m\e_dZl_evgu b \hafh`ghklb `b\h]h h[s_gby k ex^vfb kh \k_]h fbjZ \ j_`bf_ online Ki_pbZevgu_ kbkl_fu IRC, ZgZeh]b dhlhjhc _klv b gZ WWW iha\heyxl mkljZb\Zlv ©\ `b\hf wnbj_ª fgh]hex^gu_ ^bkdmkkbb ihevah\Zl_e_c k_lb kh \k_c ieZg_lu Lhqgh lZd `_ fh`gh gZclb k_[_ iZjlg_jZ ih b]j_ kdZ`_f \ ]h beb \ rZofZlu eb[h ihgZ[ex^Zlv aZ b]jhc ^jm]bo h[f_gb\Zykv fg_gbyfb h oh^_ iZjlbb k ih^h[gufb `_©a_\ZdZfbª

Dhg_qgh a^_kv mihfygmlu lhevdh kZfu_ hkgh\gu_ \hafh`ghklb ]eh[Zevguo kbkl_f l_e_dhffmgbdZpbc G_ klhbl b iulZlvky i_j_qbkeblv ohlv kdhevdh-gb[m^v ih^jh[gh \k_ hldju\Zxsb_ky \ k_lyo i_jki_dlb\u ;he__ lh]h — dZd y m`_ ]h\hjbe — \k_ wlb \hafh`ghklb g_ agZ_l \hh[s_ gbdlh K_lv ^Z\gh m`_ i_j_klmibeZ q_j_a lhl ihjh] aZ dhlhjuf ihgylb_ ©dZlZeh] \k_c K_lbª bf__l g_ [hevr_ kfukeZ q_f kdZ`_f©[b[ebhl_dZ \k_o dgb]ª

K ^jm]hc klhjhgu K_lv khklhbl g_ ba bg_jlguo dgb`guo ihehd Z ba dhfivxl_jh\ dhlhju_ dZd jZa b ij_^gZagZq_gu ^ey k[hjZ b kbkl_fZlbaZpbb bgnhjfZpbb Ihwlhfm ex[hc ba gZk fh`_l kb^y aZ k\hbf ^bkie__f kZfhklhyl_evgh bkke_^h\Zlv K_lv bkdZlv bgnhjfZpbx agZdhfblvky k ex^vfb jZa]meb\Zlv ih \k_fm k\_lm jZ[hlZlv b jZa\e_dZlvky DZ`^uc bf__l \k_ \hafh`ghklb l\hjblv ^ey k_[y kh[kl\_ggmx K_lv — g_ lhevdh iZkkb\gh hl[bjZy qm`mx bgnhjfZpbx gh b ^_eykv k\h_c

L_e_dhffmgbdZpbb b [bag_k

G_ [m^_l [hevrbf ij_m\_ebq_gb_f kdZaZlv qlh [bag_k klZe ]eZ\ghc ^\b`ms_c kbehc ijhbkoh^ys_c gZ gZrbo ]eZaZo k_l_\hc j_\hexpbb Ij_^ijbbfqb\Zy b jZamfgh k\h_dhjuklgZy gZlmjZ `bl_ey kh\j_f_ggh]h ihklbg^mkljbZevgh]h h[s_kl\Z — ijbqbgZ lh]h qlh Bgl_jg_l gZqZe ih-gZklhys_fm jZklb lhevdh lh]^Z dh]^Z k _]h ihfhsvx klZeh \hafh`guf ^_eZlv ^_gv]b Kh\j_f_ggu_ [jhma_ju iha\heyxl i_j_^Z\Zlv ihl_gpbZevgh ©^_g_`gmxª bgnhjfZpbx \ aZrbnjh\Zgghf aZsbs_gghf hl \hafh`guo aehmfure_ggbdh\ \b^_ih^jh[g__ kf klj Wlhc \hafh`ghklvx m`_ \h\kx ihevamxlky fgh]hqbke_ggu_ZHE-fZ]Zabgu lhj]mxsb_ q_f m]h^gh — hl ijh]jZffdhlhju_ fh`gh dmib\ lml `_ kdZqZlv gZ k\hc dhfivxl_j ^h g_^\b`bfhklb b p_gguo [mfZ] <u[jZ\ lh\Zj ba dZlZeh]Z \u ^_eZ_l_ aZdZa ihkueZy gZ k_j\_j ^Zggu_ k\h_c dj_^blghc dZjlu beb [Zgdh\kdh]h kq_lZ ?^bgkl\_ggh_ g_m^h[kl\h — lh qlh kZf lh\Zj qZs_ \k_]h ^hklZ\ey_lky m`_ h[uqghc©nbabq_kdhcªihqlhc

G_ f_g__ \Z`ghc q_f kh[kl\_ggh dhff_jpby y\ey_lky jhev Bgl_jg_lZ \ kha^Zgbb bfb^`Z kh\j_f_gghc nbjfu >Z`_ _keb \u g_ kh[bjZ_l_kv gbq_f lhj]h\Zlv b ^Z`_ _keb \Zr [bag_k \hh[s_ gbdZd g_ k\yaZg k dhfivxl_jZfb \Zf [m^_l m`_ ^h\hevgh ljm^gh \_klb ^_eZ kh k\hbfb iZjlg_jZfb [_a \hafh`ghklb dZd fbgbfmf ijbgbfZlv b hlijZ\eylv we_dljhggmx ihqlm ?keb `_ \u \k_jv_a aZ[hlbl_kv h k\h_f bfb^`_ b h[ wnn_dlb\ghklb jZ[hlu \Zf ijb^_lky ihljZlblvky gZRQOLQH-^hklmi Z \ i_jki_dlb\_ — b gZ kha^Zgb_ k\h_]h WWW-k_j\_jZ

G_ \hkijbgbfZcl_ wlh dZd ^Zgv hq_j_^ghc fh^_ — Bgl_jg_l g_ ijhklh ^Z_l \Zf gh\h_ [he__ m^h[gh_ kj_^kl\h dhffmgbdZpbb gh i_j_\h^bl \Zr_ \aZbfh^_ckl\b_ k deb_glZfb b iZjlg_jZfb gZ ijbgpbibZevgh bghc mjh\_gv Fgh]bf k_cqZk m`_ ljm^gh ij_^- klZ\blv dZd _s_ g_kdhevdh e_l gZaZ^ fh`gh [ueh aZgbfZlvky [bag_khf g_ bf_y \hafh`ghklb gZ[jZlv gZ deZ\bZlmj_ Z^j_k b f]gh\_ggh ijhqblZlv gZ k\h_f wdjZg_ \k_ qlh ohq_l b \ khklhygbb ih\_^Zlv h k_[_ lZ beb bgZy nbjfZ

Ijhn_kkby — WWW-k_j\_j

Byl_jg_l ^hklb] m`_ lhc klmi_gb jZa\blby dh]^Z \ g_f kihkh[gu kms_kl\h\Zlv b ^Z`_ ijhp\_lZlv nbjfu `b\msb_ bkdexqbl_evgh gZ ^hoh^u hl kh^_j`Zgby k\hbo :::-k_j\_jh\ — g_kfhljy gZ lh qlh ^hklmi d bgnhjfZpbb \ Bgl_jg_l_ ljZ^bpbhggh g_ klhbl ihevah\Zl_eyf gb dhi_cdb DZd wlh ijhbkoh^bl"

Hkgh\gh_ [h]Zlkl\h ex[h]h :::-k_j\_jZ — wlh _]h ba\_klghklv b g_bkkydZxsbc ihlhd ihk_lbl_e_c Ihwlhfm nbjfu dhlhju_ ^_ckl\bl_evgh q_f-lh lhj]mxl gZ k\hbo k_j\_jZo \_kvfZ aZbgl_j_kh\Zgu \ ijb\e_q_gbb ihk_lbl_e_c b kh]eZkgu ieZlblv ©`b\u_ ^_gv]bª ^jm]bf ihimeyjguf k_j\_jZf aZ jZaf_s_gb_ j_deZfguo kkuehd gZ gbo Wlbf klbfmebjm_lky ihy\e_gb_ bgnhjfZpbhgguo jZa\e_dZl_evguo kijZ\hqguo b ijhqbo k_j\_jh\ dhlhju_ h[kem`b\Zxlky gZ ^hoh^u hl jZaf_sZ_fhc gZ gbo j_deZfu b klZjZxlky ijb\e_qv ihk_lbl_e_c [h]Zlkl\hf jZaghh[jZab_f b qZklhc kf_ghc k\h_]h kh^_j`bfh]h >hklb]gm\ hij_^_e_gghc ba\_klghklb lZdhc k_j\_j m`_ fh`_l iha\heblv k_[_ ieZlblv aZ k\hx j_deZfm ^jm]bf k_j\_jZf — lZd gZ[bjZ_l oh^ eZ\bgZ dhff_jpbZebaZpbb

Bgl_jg_l pbnju b nZdlu

L_e_dhffmgbdZpbhgguc \aju\ — g_ jblhjbq_kdZy nb]mjZ L_fiu jhklZ ]eh[Zevguo k_l_c k_cqZk ^Ze_dh ij_\hkoh^yl kZfu_ kf_eu_ ijh]ghau ^Z`_ iylbe_lg_c ^Z\ghklb <hl g_dhlhju_ pbnju Dhebq_kl\h dhfivxl_jh\ — maeh\ Bgl_jg_lZ ^hklb]eh d yg\Zjx ]h^Z r_klgZ^pZlb fbeebhgh\ m\_ebqb\rbkv aZ ihe-

]h^Z gZ lj_lv Ba wlbo fbeebhgh\ jZkiheh`_gu \ gZr_c kljZg_1 dhlhjZy lZdbf h[jZahf aZgbfZ_l g_ kebrdhf ihq_lgh_ ^\Z^pZlv r_klh_ f_klh f_`^m ;jZabeb_c b X`ghc Dhj__c <ijhq_f dZd b iheh`_gh hlklZxsbf fu gZoh^bfky kj_^b i_j\uo ih l_fiZf jhklZ _keb aZ ihke_^gb_ ^\Z ]h^Z dhebq_kl\h maeh\ \h \k_f fbj_ \ujhkeh \ q_luj_ jZaZ lh \ gZr_c kljZg_ — \ ^_kylv jZa

Dhebq_kl\h :::-k_j\_jh\ \ fbj_ lZd`_ jZkl_l hi_j_`Zxsbfb l_fiZfb m^\Zb\Zykv dZ`^u_ ihe]h^Z Qbkeh jmkkdhyauqguo k_j\_jh\ ©<k_fbjghc iZmlbguª khklZ\ey_l m`_ g_kdhevdh lukyq

Dhebq_kl\h `_ ex^_c ihevamxsboky mkem]Zfb Bgl_jg_lZ hp_gblv keh`g__ Ih-\b^bfhfm [hevr_ \k_]h ^h\_jby aZkem`b\Zxl ^Zggu_ kh]eZkgh dhlhjuf RQOLQH-^hklmi d Bgl_jg_lm bf_xl k_cqZk

fbeebhgh\ q_eh\_d ba dhlhjuo hdheh fbeebhgh\ `b\ml \ KR:b hdheh lukyq — \ Jhkkbb ?s_ hdheh fbeebhgh\ `bl_e_c ieZg_lu bf_xl ihqlh\h_ ih^dexq_gb_ d k_lb Ih ijh]ghaZf d

]h^m gZk_e_gb_ Bgl_jg_lZ ij_\ukbl fbeebhgh\ q_eh\_d

>hoh^u hl ijh^Z` lh\Zjh\ b mkem] q_j_a Bgl_jg_l khklZ\b\rb_ \ ]h^m fej^ ^heeZjh\ d gZqZem ke_^mxs_]h lukyq_e_lby \hajZklml g_ f_g__ q_f ^h fej^ ^heeZjh\ \ ]h^ >hoh^u hl h^ghc ebrv j_deZfu gZ WWW khklZ\beb \ ]h^m fbeebhgh\ ^heeZjh\

: dZd `_ fu"

Y g_ ohqm ih\lhjylv [ZgZevghklb k_lmy gZ ihahjgh_ hlklZ\Zgb_ Jhkkbb hl \k_]h pb\bebah\Zggh]h fbjZ Dhg_qgh fu hlklZ_f Gh hlklZ_f ]hjZa^h f_gvr_ q_f fh]eb [u — \ureh lZd qlh \aju\h- ih^h[gh_ jZa\blb_ K_lb \ gZqZe_ -o kh\iZeh k g_ f_g__ \aju\h- ih^h[gufb ohly b [he__ jZajmrbl_evgufb kh[ulbyfb \ gZr_c kljZg_ b [eZ]h^Zjy gZklmib\r_fm \ h^ghqZkv_ dZiblZebafm fu \k_ `_ mobljbebkv \kdhqblv \ ihke_^gbc \Z]hg moh^ys_]h ih_a^Z < dhgp_ dhgph\ y g_ klZe [u ibkZlv wlm dgb]m ba h^gh]h ebrv ZdZ^_fbq_kdh]h bgl_j_kZ

Ih`Zemc ©Bklhjby jZa\blby l_e_dhffmgbdZpbc \ Jhkkbbª ih\lhjy_l \ fbgbZlxj_ \k_ lh qlh [ueh ^h wlh]h gZ AZiZ^_ — ohly dhg_qgh g_ h[hrehkv b [_a ki_pbnbdb >hk_l_\Zy wihoZ \

Jhkkbb gZklmibeZ ihqlb h^gh\j_f_ggh k kh[kl\_ggh dhfivxl_jghc l _ ]^_-lh \ dhgp_ -o IjZ\^Z ihgZqZem kqZkleb\u_ \eZ^_evpu fh^_fh\ ij_^ihqblZeb g_ \ukh\u\Zlvky lZd dZd lh]^Z _s_ \k_\b^ys__ hdh ]hkm^Zjkl\Z \jy^ eb klZeh [u kihdhcgh \abjZlv gZ klhev \hibxs__ gZjmr_gb_ _]h fhghihebb gZ bgnhjfZpbx

L_f g_ f_g__ m`_ \ ] \ Fhkd\_ ihy\beky gZ k\_l aZjh^ur i_j\hc gZklhys_c jhkkbckdhc dhfivxl_jghc k_lb ihemqb\r_c gZa\Zgb_ J_edhf Relcom Hkgh\gu_ ijh[e_fu m gZrbo ibhg_jh\ l_e_dhffmgbdZpbc [ueb \ua\Zgu h[s_c g_jZa\blhklvx bgnjZkljmdlmju m[h]bf dZq_kl\hf l_e_nhgguo k_l_c b ihqlb iheguf hlkmlkl\b_f ki_pbZebabjh\Zgguo dZgZeh\ i_j_^Zqb ^Zgguo ?s_ [hevr_ ]heh\ghc [heb [ueh m dhg_qguo ihevah\Zl_e_c dhlhju_ \^jm] h[gZjm`b\Zeb qlh nbjf_ggu_ Zf_jbdZgkdb_ fh^_fudhlhju_ \ l_ \j_f_gZ [ueb ]hjZa^h om`_ aZsbs_gu hl k[h_\ b hrb[hd k\yab q_f k_cqZk ihdZau\Zxl k_[y g_ k kZfhc emqr_c klhjhgu [m^mqb ih^dexq_gu d gZrbf l_e_nhgguf ebgbyf

K_lv J_edhf d dhlhjhc dh]^Z-lh k\h^beky \_kv jhkkbckdbc Bgl_jg_l — wlh g_ _^bgZy p_gljZebah\ZggZy hj]ZgbaZpby Z \ ^hklZlhqghc f_j_ kbf\hebq_kdh_ h[t_^bg_gb_ nbgZgkh\h g_aZ\b- kbfuo dhfiZgbc ij_^hklZ\eyxsbo k_l_\u_ mkem]b < ihke_^g__ \j_fy klZeh ]hjZa^h ijhs_ Zj_g^h\Zlv beb ijh\_klb dZgZe k\yabhkh[_ggh \ Fhkd\_ b I_l_j[mj]_ b gZ \heg_ ihimeyjghklb WWW ihy\ey_lky fgh`_kl\h fheh^uo dhfiZgbc-ijh\Zc^_jh\ m`_ g_ k\yau\Zxsbo k_[y ijbgZ^e_`ghklvx d dZdhc-eb[h h[s_gZpbhgZevghc kljmdlmj_ Hq_\b^gh \uihegb\ jhev klZjlh\hc iehsZ^db Bgl_jg_lZ \ Jhkkbb k_lv J_edhf ihkl_i_ggh klZgh\blky ^hklhygb_f bklhjbb

Gbs_lZ gZrbo gZmqguo b h[jZah\Zl_evguo mqj_`^_gbc Z lZd`_ ihqlb ihegh_ hlkmlkl\b_ ih^^_j`db kh klhjhgu ]hkm^Zjkl\Z ijb\_eb d lhfm qlh l_e_dhffmgbdZpbb \ Jhkkbb k kZfh]h gZqZeZ jZa\b\Zebkv k kbevguf dhff_jq_kdbf mdehghf Ih^Z\eyxs__ [hevrbgkl\h ihevah\Zl_e_c Bgl_jg_lZ \ Jhkkbb — dhff_jq_kdb_ ij_^ijbylby Z kj_^b jmkkdhyauqguo l_e_dhgn_j_gpbc y\gh eb^bjmxl dhff_jq_kdb_ b j_deZfgu_ Wlh b g_ m^b\bl_evgh — ohjhr_c k\yab \ gZr_c kljZg_ \k_]^Z g_ o\ZlZeh b ^ey aZjh`^Zxs_]hky [bag_kZ we_dljhggZy ihqlZ [ueZ [he__ q_f dklZlb

G_khfg_ggh kZfZy ^bgZfbqgh jZa\b\ZxsZyky hljZkev jhkkbckdh]h Bgl_jg_lZ Z \hafh`gh b \k_c jhkkbckdhc wdhghfbdb — wlh World Wide Web AZ ihke_^gbc ]h^ ihy\behkv fgh`_kl\h gh\uo k_j\_jh\ ijbgZ^e_`Zsbo g_ lhevdh dhff_jq_kdbf nbjfZf gh b h[jZah\Zl_evguf mqj_`^_gbyf hj]ZgZf \eZklb b ^Z`_ iheblbq_kdbf iZjlbyf Gh kZfuc h[gZ^_`b\Zxsbc

ijbagZd — wlh lh qlh \ jhkkbckdhf WWW m`_ g_ ijboh^blky kdmqZlv Fgh`_kl\h ebl_jZlmjguo jZa\e_dZl_evguo kijZ\hqguo k_j\_jh\ ihbkdh\uo kbkl_f k_l_\uo \_jkbc ]Za_l b `mjgZeh\ m`_ aZjZ[Zlu\Zxl ^_gv]b gZ j_deZf_ b bah \k_o kbe klZjZxlky ihgjZ\blvky ihk_lbl_eyf m]Z^Zlv bo bgl_j_ku b aZijhku b k^_eZlv lZd qlh[u kemqZcgh aZ[j_^r_fm gZ k_j\_j q_eh\_dm aZohl_ehkv \ha\jZsZlvky lm^Z kgh\Z b kgh\Z

I_jkhgZevguc dhfivxl_j k fh^_fhf — [hevr_ q_f ijhklh mkljhckl\h ^ey h[jZ[hldb bgnhjfZpbb Fh^_f i_j_\h^bl \Zr_]h we_dljhggh]h ^jm]Z \ ijbgpbibZevgh bgmx dZl_]hjbx l_i_jv \u bf__l_ gZ k\h_f klhe_ g_ klhevdh-lh f_]Z]_jp b klhevdh-lh f_]Z- [Zcl Z ijZdlbq_kdb \k_ gZdhie_ggh_ q_eh\_q_kl\hf aZ ihe\_dZ kms_kl\h\Zgby dhfivxl_jh\

Kh[ulby Z\]mklZ -]h \ gZr_c kljZg_ dh]^Z we_dljhggZy ihqlZ [ueZ _^bgkl\_gguf gZ^_`guf dZgZehf k\yab k \g_rgbf fbjhf ihdZaZeb qlh ]eh[Zevgu_ k_lb l_e_dhffmgbdZpbc fh]ml hsmlbfh \ebylv gZ dZaZehkv [u ^Ze_db_ hl dhfivxl_jh\ kn_ju <jy^ eb [m^_l ij_m\_ebq_gb_f qlh [_a bkihevah\Zgby ]eh[Zevguo k_l_c b kbkl_f l_e_dhffmgbdZpbc k_cqZk m`_ ijhklh g_\hafh`gZ gbdZdZy ^_yl_evghklv ohlv dZd-lh k\yaZggZy k h[jZ[hldhc bgnhjfZpbb

=eh[Zevgu_ dhfivxl_jgu_ k_lb h[t_^bgyxl \ k_[_ \k_ qlh [ueh ^hklb]gmlh ^jm]bfb kj_^kl\Zfb k\yab ^h[Z\eyxl fZkkm gh\uo dZq_kl\ h[_ki_qb\Zxl g_keuoZggu_ ^hk_e_ kdhjhklv b gZ^_`ghklv < j_amevlZl_ gZ gZrbo ]eZaZo nhjfbjm_lky _^bgh_ bgnhjfZpbhggh_ ijhkljZgkl\h ieZg_lu \h fgh]hf hij_^_eyxs__ h[jZa `bagb kh\j_f_ggh]h q_eh\_dZ

L_jfbgu b ihgylby

?keb \u ^hklZlhqgh ^Z\gh agZdhfu k dhfivxl_jZfb lh gZ\_jgydZ klZedb\Zebkv k l_f qlh ij_keh\mlZy ©^jm`_kl\_gghklv d ihevah- \Zl_exª lj_[mxsZy hl wlh]h ihevah\Zl_ey ydh[u kZfuo ih- \_joghklguo agZgbc fh`_l h[_jgmlvky g_fZehc ]heh\ghc [hevx klhbl ohlv q_fm-lh ihclb g_ lZd dZd \k_]^Z — b _keb lhevdh \u kZfb g_ jZa[bjZ_l_kv ^hklZlhqgh ohjhrh \ kmlb ijhbkoh^ysbo ijhp_kkh\ \Zk m`_ g_ kiZkml gbdZdb_ ©\kieu\Zxsb_ ih^kdZadbª b ]bi_jl_dklh\u_ kijZ\hqgu_ kbkl_fu

<hafh`gh \u m\_j_gu qlh agZgb_ dZdbo [u lh gb [ueh l_ogbq_kdbo ih^jh[ghkl_c h fh^_fZo \Zf gbdh]^Z g_ ihgZ^h[blkybeb gZh[hjhl qlh \u bo b lZd agZ_l_ — lh]^Z i_j_oh^bl_ kjZam d ]e ]^_ fu gZ ijZdlbd_ ihagZdhfbfky k l_f dZd `_ \k_-lZdb jZ[hlZ_l fh^_f beb d ]e ]^_ \u magZ_l_ dZd _]h mklZgh\blv b gZkljhblv : ^ey ex[hagZl_evguo y ihklZjZxkv \ wlhc ]eZ\_ dZd fh`gh gZ]ey^g__ ihdZaZlv b jZkkdZaZlv qlh kdju\Z_lky aZ qZklhdhehf dhffmgbdZpbhgguo l_jfbgh\ — gZqbgZy k kZfuo Zah\

L_o dlh kh[bjZ_lky qblZlv \u[hjhqgh y ^he`_g ij_^mij_^blv — dgb]Z fhy \k_ `_ [hevr_ ihoh`Z gZ mq_[gbd q_f gZ kijZ\hqgbd b ex[hc jZa^_e \ wlhc ]eZ\_ ^h\hevgh l_kgh m\yaZg k ij_^u^msbf baeh`_gb_f <ijhq_f _keb \Zf ^_ckl\bl_evgh gm`gh ebrv mlhqgblv dZdb_-lh ^_lZeb \u [_a hkh[h]h ljm^Z kfh`_l_ bo \uykgblv b ijb \u[hjhqghf ql_gbb Gm Z _keb \Zk \k_-lZdb jZa^jZ`Zxl g_ihgylgu_ f_lZnhju b kkuedb — ijhklh ijhqlbl_ ]eZ\m k kZfh]h gZqZeZ

:au

Kh[kl\_ggh \ky wlZ ]eZ\Z ihk\ys_gZ baeh`_gbx Zah\ Gh gZqgm y k lZdbo \_s_c dhlhju_ b \h\k_ kihkh[gu \ua\Zlv ij_g_[j_`bl_evgmx mofuedm m [he__-f_g__ ]jZfhlgh]h ihevah\Zl_ey i_jkhgZevgh]h dhfivxl_jZ B \k_ `_ y hq_gv kh\_lmx ijhq_klv wlhl jZa^_e ^_eh \ lhf qlh \k_ ihgylby baeZ]Zxlky a^_kv k ©l_e_dhffmgbdZpbhgghc dhehdhevgbª b \ ^Zevg_cr_f wlhl fZl_jbZe gZf g_ jZa ijb]h^blky Djhf_ lh]h i_^Z]h]bq_kdbc hiul k\b^_l_evkl\m_l qlh Zau — bf_ggh lZ h[eZklv \ dhlhjhc fgh]b_ qm\kl\mxl k_[y gZbf_g__ m\_j_ggh

BlZd \ wlhf jZa^_e_ \u magZ_l_

‡ h ijbgpbibZevghc jZagbp_ f_`^m ZgZeh]h\ufb b pbnjh\ufb kb]gZeZfb b h lhf ^ey q_]h `_ \k_-lZdb gm`_g fh^_f

‡ h lhf dZd bgnhjfZpby dh^bjm_lky pbnjh\ufb kb]gZeZfb h lZ[ebp_ ASCII h dh^bjh\dZo dbjbeebpu b h jZagbp_ f_`^m l_dklh\ufb b [bgZjgufb nZceZfb

‡ h \Z`guo ihgylbyo hlghkysboky d i_j_^Zq_ bgnhjfZpbb ih dZgZeZf k\yab \hh[s_ b ih l_e_nhgghfm dZgZem \ qZklghklb

‡ h ijbgpbi_ jZ[hlu fh^_fZ fh^meypbb b ^_fh^meypbb kdhjhklb i_j_^Zqb ^Zgguo k`Zlbb bgnhjfZpbb b dhjj_dpbb hrb[hd

Z lZd`_ h fgh`_kl\_ ^jm]bo \Z`guo b bgl_j_kguo ihgylbc b ijbgpbih\ [_a agZgby dhlhjuo hq_gv g_ijhklh `blv \ kh\j_f_gghf l_e_dhffmgbdZpbhgghf fbj_

:gZeh]h\u_ b pbnjh\u_ kb]gZeu

AZ^mfu\Zebkv eb \u dh]^Z-gb[m^v gZ^ l_f dZd ih-jZaghfm ehfZxlky kdZ`_f l_e_\bahj b dhfivxl_j"G_bkijZ\ghklb l_e_\b-