Добавил:
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:

Сети и телекоммуникации

.pdf
Скачиваний:
95
Добавлен:
02.05.2014
Размер:
3.73 Mб
Скачать

SU.HARDW.PC.SOUND A\mdh\u_ dZjlu

SU.HARDW.REPAIR

IhqbgdZ dhfivxl_jh\

SU.HUMOR

Xfhj

 

SU.MAGIC

FZ]by q_jgZy b [_eZy

SU.MEDIC

F_^bpbgZ

SU.MUSIC

FmaudZ

 

SU.OS2

Hi_jZpbhggZy kbkl_fZ

SU.SYSOP

>ey kbkhih\

SU.TOLKIEN

>ey ihdehggbdh\ >` Lhedb_gZ

SU.VIRUS

Dhfivxl_jgu_ \bjmku

JZaebqby f_`^m woh-dhgn_j_gpbyfb Nb^h b l_e_dhgn_j_gpbyfb Bgl_jg_lZ g_ h]jZgbqb\Zxlky klbe_f h[s_gby =eZ\gh_ hlebqb_ khklhbl \ lhf qlh l_ogbq_kdh_ mkljhckl\h k_lb Nb^h ^_eZ_l \hafh`guf ]hjZa^h [he__ `_kldbc q_f \ Bgl_jg_l_ Z^fbgbkljZlb\guc dhgljhev aZ mqZklgbdZfb h[km`^_gby AZ ihjy^dhf \ dZ`^hc ba woh-dhgn_j_gpbc Nb^h ke_^bl __ fh^_jZlhj dhlhjuc bf__l ijZ\h Z ]eZ\gh_ — l_ogbq_kdmx \hafh`ghklv hldexqZlv hl ]jmiiu eb[h i_j_\h^blv \ j_`bf ©lhevdh ^ey ql_gbyªgZjmrbl_e_c ijZ\be b l_o dlh hldehgy_lky hl l_fu dhgn_j_gpbb Bgl_jg_l ih^h[guo \hafh`ghkl_c g_ ij_^hklZ\ey_l ihwlhfm \ Usenet kms_kl\mxl lhevdh b lh g_fgh]h ]jmiiu k ij_^\Zjbl_evguf fh^_jbjh\Zgb_f — dh]^Z \k_ khh[s_gby gZijZ\eyxlky fh^_jZlhjm dhlhjuc b j_rZ_l qlh im[ebdh\Zlv Z qlh g_l

H lhf dZd ke_^m_l \_klb k_[y \ l_e_dhgn_j_gpbyo fu ih- ]h\hjbf \ ]e klj ijb\_^_ggu_ lZf ijZ\beZ \ p_ehf ijbeh`bfu b d woh-dhgn_j_gpbyf k_lb Nb^h Ij_`^_ q_f \dexqZlvky \ h[km`^_gb_ ihe_agh ih djZcg_c f_j_ \ l_q_gb_ g_- ^_eb ihgZ[ex^Zlv aZ \kieu\Zxsbfb \ ]jmii_ l_fZfb hk\hblvky k bkihevam_fhc l_jfbgheh]b_c b `Zj]hghf khklZ\blv k\h_ fg_gb_ h gZb[he__ Zdlb\guo mqZklgbdZo Z ]eZ\gh_ — ijhqblZlv ijZ\beZ ^Zgghc ]jmiiu hgb i_jbh^bq_kdb im[ebdmxlky \ kZfhc dhgn_j_gpbb djhf_ lh]h fh^_jZlhjZ \k_]^Z fh`gh ihijhkblv \ukeZlv ijZ\beZ ibkvfhf

GZ bgl_jg_lh\kdbo k_j\_jZo gh\hkl_c klj [u\Zxl ^hklmigu fgh]b_ woh-dhgn_j_gpbb Nb^h gh [hevrbgkl\h ba gbo ij_^klZ\e_gu lZf \ \b^_ ]jmii b_jZjobb fido gZijbf_jILGRru. modem k_f_jdZ \ gZa\Zgbb h[hagZqZ_l f_`^mgZjh^guc l_e_nhgguc dh^ [u\r_]h KKKJ mdZau\Zy l_f kZfuf gZ ]_h]jZnbq_kdmx ijbgZ^e_`ghklv wlbo ]jmii hldjuluo lhevdh ^ey ql_gby — l _ jZ[hlZy q_j_a Bgl_jg_l \u g_ kfh`_l_ ihkeZlv k\h_ khh[s_gb_ \ h^gm ba ]jmii ILGR Z kfh`_l_ lhevdh qblZlv qm`b_ Djhf_ lh]h g_j_^dh ]jmiiu b_jZjobb ILGR hljZ`Zxl kh^_j`bfh_ khhl\_lkl\mxsbo woh-dhgn_j_gpbc Nb^h ebrv qZklbqgh beb k [hevrbf aZiha^Zgb_f

=hjZa^h f_gvr__ dhebq_kl\h woh-dhgn_j_gpbc Nb^h aZlh dZd ijZ\beh d gbf hlghkylky kZfu_ ihimeyjgu_ ^hklmigu \ \b^_ hnbpbZevguo rexah\ f_`^m Nb^h b Bgl_jg_lhf \ b_jZjobb relcom.fido gZijbf_j relcomILGR UX EDE\ < wlbo ]jmiiZo fh`_l mqZkl\h\Zlv ex[hc ihevah\Zl_ev Bgl_jg_lZ l_f [he__ qlh ]jmiiu UHOFRP ILGR gZjZ\g_ k ^jm]bfb ]jmiiZfb b_jZjobb relcom.*, jZkijhkljZgyxlky ih \k_fm fbjm b \ qZklghklb mqblu\Zxlky gZ ba\_klguo ihbkdh\uo kbkl_fZo kf klj D kh`Ze_gbx gZ bgl_jg_lh\kdmx qZklv Zm^blhjbb lZdbo ]jmii dhgljhev Nb^h- fh^_jZlhjZ g_ jZkijhkljZgy_lky

:^j_kZ \ k_lb Nb^h

:^j_kZ maeh\ \ Nb^h kljhylky ih l_jjblhjbZevgh-b_jZjobq_kdhfm ijbgpbim <ky ieZg_lZ jZa^_e_gZ gZ r_klv ahg zones) — K_\_jgZy :f_jbdZ ?\jhiZ Hd_Zgby EZlbgkdZy :f_jbdZ :njbdZ b :aby Ahgu ih^jZa^_eyxlky ^Ze__ gZ j_]bhgu regions Z l_ \ k\hx hq_j_^v ^_eylky gZ k_lb nets khklhysb_ ba maeh\ nodes) — dhfivxl_jh\ jZkijhkljZgyxsbo ihqlm b woh-dhgn_j_gpbb GZdhg_p ihke_^gbc mjh\_gv b_jZjobb — ihcglu points) — dhfivxl_ju ih^qbg_ggu_ maeZf b ihemqZxsb_ k gbo ihqlm lhevdh ^ey k_[y

?^bgbpu dZ`^h]h mjh\gy b_jZjobb h[hagZqZxlky qbkeZfb Iheguc Z^j_k dhfivxl_jZ \ k_lb Nb^h fh`_l [ulv gZijbf_j lZdbf

2:5030/50.55

Wlhl Z^j_k hagZqZ_l ahgZ ?\jhiZ k_lv I_l_j[mj] b h[eZklv ma_e ihcgl ?keb dhfivxl_j y\ey_lky maehf Z g_ ihcglhf ihke_^gbc k_]f_gl Z^j_kZ \f_kl_ k lhqdhc hlkmlkl\m_l LZdhc Z^j_k hij_^_ey_l iheh`_gb_ \ k_lb dhfivxl_jZ Z g_ dh]h-lh ba _]h ihevah\Zl_e_c — dhlhjuo gZ h^ghf dhfivxl_j_ fh`_l [ulv kdhevdh m]h^gh Ihwlhfm qlh[u Z^j_kh\Zlv ibkvfh dhgdj_lghfm q_eh\_dm \ Nb^h \ aZ]heh\d_ ibkvfZ gm`gh mdZaZlv g_ lhevdh Z^j_k fZrbgu gh b bfy b nZfbebx ihemqZl_ey h lhf dZd hlijZ\blv ibkvfh \ Nb^h ba Bgl_jg_lZ kf klj

=eh[Zevgu_ k_lb

< wlhc ]eZ\_ fu gZdhg_p ijbklmiZ_f d bamq_gbx ]eh[Zevguo k_l_c — b\ i_j\mx hq_j_^v k_lb Bgl_jg_l hldju\Zxs_c i_j_^ \eZ^_evp_f dhfivxl_jZ k fh^_fhf gZklhysmx khdjh\bsgbpm jZaghh[jZag_crbo \hafh`ghkl_c Kihjm g_l BBS — \_sv aZf_qZl_evgZy b ihe_agZy \h \k_o hlghr_gbyo gh \k_ `_ gZklhys__ hdgh \ fbj ^ey \Zk jZkiZog_l lhevdh iheghp_ggZy ]eh[ZevgZy k_lv

?s_ kh\k_f g_^Z\gh Bgl_jg_l \hkijbgbfZeky ebrv dZd h^gZ ba ]eh[Zevguo k_l_c ohly b [_amkeh\gh kZfZy djmigZy Ijb ihbkdZo dhfiZgbb ij_^hklZ\eyxs_c k_l_\u_ mkem]b _s_ fh`gh [ueh \u[bjZlv f_`^m ijh\Zc^_jZfb Bgl_jg_lZ b ^jm]bfb k_l_\ufb beb ihqlh\ufb kem`[Zfb lZdbfb dZd Kijbgl, MCI Mail, CompuServe b l ^ — ijbq_f ij_bfms_kl\Z ihke_^gbo ij_`^_ \k_]h [_ahiZkghklv b ]ZjZglbjh\ZggZy ^hklZ\dZ \u]ey^_eb

aZqZklmx hq_gv ijb\e_dZl_evgh gZ nhg_ dZaZ\r_]hky fgh]bf ©g_k_jv_agufªBgl_jg_lZ

H^gZdh aZ ihke_^gb_ ]h^-^\Z kblmZpby baf_gbeZkv dZj^bgZevgh ©<aju\ kh^_j`bfh]hª Bgl_jg_lZ bgkibjbjh\Zgguc ihy\e_gb_f WWW ij_\jZlbe \q_jZrgbo dhgdmj_glh\ wlhc k_lb \ __ \_jguo kem]

— l_i_jv ex[Zy k_l_\Zy dhfiZgby jZkkfZljb\Z_lky \ i_j\mx hq_j_^v dZd ijh\Zc^_j ^hklmiZ d Bgl_jg_lm Z __ ihiuldb ijb\e_qv deb_glh\ k\hbfb kh[kl\_ggufb aZdjulufb hl \k_]h hklZevgh]h fbjZ k_l_\ufb mkem]Zfb m`_ g_ \uau\Zxl m ihevah\Zl_e_c [ueh]h wglmabZafZ 2QOLQH-kem`[u lbiZ America Online beb CompuServe klj

\ugm`^_gu k_cqZk \ughkblv agZqbl_evgmx qZklv k\hbo bgnhjfZpbhgguo [h]Zlkl\ gZ \k_h[sbc ^hklmi \ Bgl_jg_l — b l_f kZfuf \klmiZlv \ `_klhdmx dhgdmj_gpbx k l_fb dlh m`_ ml\_j^beky gZ wlhf ihijbs_

DZd mkljh_g Bgl_jg_l

DZd fu m`_ ]h\hjbeb gZ klj Bgl_jg_l g_ bf__l gb _^bgh]h p_gljZ gb _^bgh]h ieZgZ jZa\blby Hl^_evgu_ k_lb ba dhlhjuo khklhbl Bgl_jg_l hkgh\Zgu gZ jZaguo ijbgpbiZo G_dhlhju_ ba gbo nbgZgkbjmxlky ]hkm^Zjkl\hf ^jm]b_ kljhylky gZ dhff_jq_kdhc hkgh\_ <Z`gh ihgbfZlv h^gZdh qlh gbdlh \ Bgl_jg_-l_ g_ ieZlbl ^_g_] dZdhc-eb[h h^ghc hj]ZgbaZpbb ©gZ gm`^u \k_c k_lbª Ihevah\Zl_eb fh]ml ieZlblv Z fh]ml b g_ ieZlblv bkdexqbl_evgh k\hbf ijh\Zc^_jZf beb k\hbf f_klguf k_lyf — dhlhju_ gZ wlb ^_gv]b g_ lhevdh h[kem`b\Zxl ihevah\Zl_e_c gh b Zj_g^mxl dZgZeu k\yab k ^jm]bfb maeZfb k_lyfb

Hl^_evgu_ maeu b k_lb khklZ\eyxsb_ Bgl_jg_l \iheg_ fh]ml [ulv g_dhff_jq_kdbfb b ^h ihke_^g_]h \j_f_gb lZdb_ [_kieZlgu_ nbgZgkbjm_fu_ ]hkm^Zjkl\hf maeu ijbgZ^e_`Zsb_ mgb\_jkbl_lZf gZmqguf mqj_`^_gbyf \h_gguf b ijZ\bl_evkl\_gguf kljmdlmjZf khklZ\eyeb \ KR: Z[khexlgh_ [hevrbgkl\h Lhevdh \ ] GZpbhgZevguc gZmqguc nhg^ KR: h[gZjh^h\Ze ieZg ihkl_i_ggh]h k\hjZqb\Zgby ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h nbgZgkbjh\Zgby K_lb b i_j_\h^Z __ jZa\blby gZ dhff_jq_kdb_ j_evku

BlZd Bgl_jg_l — h[t_^bg_gb_ kh\_jr_ggh xjb^bq_kdb b dhff_jq_kdb kZfhklhyl_evguo maeh\ b k_l_c ihevamxsboky h[sbf k_l_\uf ijhlhdhehf k\yab wlhl ijhlhdhe gZau\Z_lky TCP/IP kf klj b _^bguf Z^j_kguf ijhkljZgkl\hf KZfh_ m^b\bl_evgh_ qlh ijb iheghc kZfhklhyl_evghklb maeh\ \ky k_lv ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc hlghkbl_evgh p_evgmx klZ[bevgmx b gZ^_`gmx kbkl_fm DZ`^uc ma_e aZbgl_j_kh\Zg \ ijb\e_q_gbb ihevah\Zl_e_c Z ^ey wlh]h hg ^he`_g fZdkbfZevgh q_ldh \ibku-

\Zlvky \ kljmdlmjm \k_c k_lb Bgl_jg_l jZ[hlZ_l — b jZ[hlZ_l wnn_dlb\gh — ijhklh ihlhfm qlh \k_ _]h ihevah\Zl_eb aZbgl_j_kh\Zgu \ lhf qlh[u hg jZ[hlZe

Qlh k_lv \ Bgl_jg_l_

H]jhfgh_ dhebq_kl\h jZaghh[jZaguo bgnhjfZpbhgguo j_kmjkh\ ^hklmiguo ihevah\Zl_ex Bgl_jg_lZ fh`gh ih^jZa^_eblv gZ ke_- ^mxsb_ deZkku

‡ ©<k_fbjgZy iZmlbgZª WWW ?keb \ ijhrehf ba^Zgbb dgb]b

] wlhl imgdl hlkmlkl\h\Ze \hh[s_ lh k_cqZk fh`gh kdZaZlv qlh hg ©ih^]j_[ ih^ k_[yª ihqlb \k_ qlh i_j_qbke_gh gb`_ H dZdhf [u bgl_jg_lh\kdhf j_kmjk_ gb reZ j_qv ^ey ^hklmiZ d g_fm \Zf ihqlb g_ij_f_ggh ihgZ^h[blky h[jZlblvky ih lhfm beb bghfm:::-Z^j_km H lhf dZd mkljh_gu lZdb_ Z^j_kZ b dZdh\ ijbgpbi ^hklmiZ d bgnhjfZpbb \ WWW fu ih]h\hjbf \ ]e

‡ We_dljhggZy ihqlZ — ih`Zemc \k_-lZdb kZfZy \Z`gZy qZklv K_lb Hlkmlkl\b_ ^hklmiZ d WWW — kmjh\h_ h]jZgbq_gb_ gh \k_ `_ g_ [he__ q_f h]jZgbq_gb_ G_\hafh`ghklv `_ ihevah\Zlvky we_dljhgghc ihqlhc k^_eZeZ [u [_kkfuke_gguf ex[hc ^hklmi d Bgl_jg_lm Z ih [hevrhfm kq_lm — b ihdmidm fh^_fZ \hh[s_ Ih^jh[ghfm h[km`^_gbx kbkl_fu we_dljhgghc ihqlu Bgl_jg_lZ ihk\ys_gZ ke_^mxsZy k_^vfZy ]eZ\Z

‡ Kbkl_fZ l_e_dhgn_j_gpbc \ Bgl_jg_l_ hgZ gZau\Z_lky Usenet KZfb ih k_[_ dhgn_j_gpbb Usenet ij_^gZagZq_gu ^ey k\h[h^gh]h h[s_gby ihevah\Zl_e_c gZ ex[u_ l_fu gh kj_^b jmkkdhyauqguo ]jmii g_fZeh b dhff_jq_kdbo dhlhju_ kem`Zl ij_`^_ \k_]h j_deZfgh-bgnhjfZpbhg-guf bgkljmf_glhf ^ey fgh`_kl\Z dhfiZgbc b nbjf

‡OjZgbebsZ nZceh\ jZkiheh`_ggu_ gZ maeZo k_lb IjZdlbq_kdb \k_ hgb [_kieZlgu ohly k mq_lhf p_gu onlineih^dexq_gby ^_r_\e_ fh`_l hdZaZlvky ihbkdZlv l_ `_ nZceu gZ [eb`Zcr_c BBS K ^jm]hc klhjhgu Zkkhjlbf_gl nZceh\ ^hklmiguo q_j_a Bgl_jg_l g_kjZ\gbfh rbj_

‡JZaebqgu_ [Zau ^Zgguo b kbkl_fu ihbkdZ bgnhjfZpbb lZdb_ dZd Archie b iheghl_dklh\u_ ihbkdh\u_ kbkl_fu ih kh^_j`bfhfm WWW b Usenet klj

‡ Bgkljmf_glu \uoh^Z gZ ^jm]b_ kj_^kl\Z k\yab klj 262) — nZdkh\u_ l_e_]jZngu_ ©[mfZ`gu_ª b ijhqb_ rexau <_kvfZ ijZdlbqgZy b ihlhfm qZs_ \k_]h ieZlgZy \hafh`ghklv

D kh`Ze_gbx jZ\ghijZ\by \k_o ihevah\Zl_e_c Bgl_jg_lZ ih hlghr_gbx d wlbf \hafh`ghklyf g_l ?keb we_dljhggZy ihqlZ b kbkl_fZ l_e_dhgn_j_gpbc ^hklmigu ijZdlbq_kdb ex[hfm ihevah- \Zl_ex bf_xs_fm ebrv ihqlh\uc Z^j_k \ k_lb lh ^ey jZ[hlu k [b[ebhl_dZfb nZceh\ b ihbkdh\ufb kbkl_fZfb `_eZl_evgh [he__ keh`gh_ b ^hjh]h_ ijyfh_ ih^dexq_gb_ klj

Qlh lZdh_ k_j\_j

Dexq_\uf ^ey jZ[hlu \ k_lb Bgl_jg_l y\ey_lkyihgylb_ k_j\_jZ ;hevrbgkl\h k_l_\uo mkem] hkms_kl\ey_lky jZagh]h jh^Z k_j\_jZfb nZceh\ufb klZlbklbq_kdbfb k_j\_jZfb l_e_dhgn_j_gpbc b [Za ^Zgguo Qlh `_ lZdh_ k_j\_j"

K lhqdb aj_gby ihevah\Zl_ey k ihqlh\uf ih^dexq_gb_f k_j\_j — wlhki_pbZebabjh\ZggZy ijh]jZffZ mklZgh\e_ggZy gZ mae_ k_lb b bf_xsZy gZ wlhf mae_ ihqlh\uc Z^j_k LZdhc k_j\_j fh`_l ijbgbfZlv b hlijZ\eylv ibkvfZ b k g_dhlhjhc j_]meyjghklvx ihemqZ_l mijZ\e_gb_ qlh[u jZa[bjZlvky kh k\hbfb ^_eZfb hl\_qZlv gZ ibkvfZ \ukueZlv nZceu ijhba\h^blv ihbkd \ [ZaZo ^Zgguo b l i BgZq_ ]h\hjy k_j\_j — h^bg ba ©ihqlh\uo kem`Zsboª maeZ \uihegyxsbc hij_^_e_ggu_ h]jZgbq_ggu_ nmgdpbb

Ihevah\Zl_ev bf_xsbc ebrv ihqlh\h_ ih^dexq_gb_ h[sZ_lky k k_j\_jhf iml_f ihkuedb ibk_f k dhfZg^Zfb Mgb\_jkZevgu_ kh]eZr_gby lZdh\u ‡ihe_ Subject klj \ ibkvfZo gZ k_j\_j eb[h b]ghjbjm_lky eb[h kqblZ_lky qZklvx ibkvfZ©i_j\hc kljhdhcª

‡ex[hc k_j\_j ihgbfZ_l dhfZg^m©helpªih dhlhjhc hg ijbku-aeZ_l kibkhd k\hbo dhfZg^ k h[tykg_gbyfb b ^jm]mx

kijZ\hqgmx bgnhjfZpbx

K_j\_jZ h[kem`b\Zxsb_ ihevah\Zl_e_c \ j_`bf_ online gZijbf_j k_j\_jZ WWW ijbgpbibZevgh gbq_f g_ hlebqZxlky hl ihqlh\uo Ijhklh ^ey aZijhkZ bgnhjfZpbb k gbo \Zf g_ ijb^_lky ihkueZlv ibkvfh Z ^hklZlhqgh [m^_l s_edgmlv furvx ih kkued_ beb gZ`Zlv dghidm \ khhl\_lkl\mxs_c ijh]jZff_ — deb_gl_ jZ[hlZxs_f q_j_a RQOLQHih^dexq_gb_

F_lh^u ^hklmiZ d Bgl_jg_lm

>ey ih^dexq_gby ihevah\Zl_ey d k_lb Bgl_jg_l kms_kl\mxl jZagu_ kihkh[u agZqbl_evgh jZaebqZxsb_ky ih klhbfhklb m^h[kl\m b h[t_fm ij_^hklZ\ey_fuo \hafh`ghkl_c

Ijhkl_crbc kZfuc ^_r_\uc kihkh[ — lZd gZau\Z_fh_ ihqlh\h_ (mail-only ih^dexq_gb_ Ijb wlhf ihevah\Zl_ev ihemqZ_l ihqlh\uc bgl_jg_lh\kdbc Z^j_k gh _]h \hafh`ghklb h]jZgbq_gu ijb_fhf b ihkuedhc ibk_f b jZ[hlhc k l_e_dhgn_j_gpbyfb JZ[hlZ \ j_`bf_ online ijb wlhf g_\hafh`gZ

>ey lZdh]h ih^dexq_gby ^hklZlhqgh bf_lv fZehfhsguc dhfivxl_j k fh^_fhf Ma_e k_lb ij_^hklZ\ey_l ihevah\Zl_ex ki_pbZevguc iZd_l ijh]jZff ^ey ih^]hlh\db ibk_f b k\yab k maehf GZibkZ\ ibkvfZ ihevah\Zl_ev aZimkdZ_l ijh]jZffm dhlhjZy \ Z\lhfZlbq_kdhf j_`bf_ a\hgbl gZ ma_e hlkueZ_l lm^Z bkoh^ysmx ihqlm b kdZqb\Z_l ihklmib\rmx gZ bfy ihevah\Zl_ey dhjj_kihg^_gpbx klj K\yav k maehf hkms_kl\ey_lky qZs_ \k_]h ih ki_pbZevghfm ijhlhdhem UUCP (UNIX-to-UNIX CoPy ohly k_cqZk hg j_Zebah\Zg g_ lhevdh ^ey kbkl_fu UNIX ihwlhfm lZdh_ ih^dexq_gb_ gZau\Zxl bgh]^Z88&3-ih^dexq_gb_f

< jhkkbckdhf Bgl_jg_l_ lZdhc kihkh[ ih^dexq_gby ^h ihke_^g_]h \j_f_gb hklZ\Zeky kZfuf jZkijhkljZg_gguf AZ kjZ\gbl_evgh g_[hevrb_ ^_gv]b ihevah\Zl_ev ihqlh\h]h ih^dexq_gby bf__l ^h\hevgh [h]Zlu_ \hafh`ghklb lZd dZd k ihfhsvx h^ghc ebrv we_dljhgghc ihqlu \iheg_ fh`gh jZ[hlZlv k ihqlh\ufb nZceh\ufb k_j\_jZfb )73-maeZfb b ^Z`_ bgnhjfZpbhggh-ihbkdh\ufb kbkl_fZfb klj HieZlZ lZdh]h ih^dexq_gby ijhba\h^blky dZd ijZ\beh ih h[t_fm ihemq_gghc b hlijZ\e_gghc ihqlu iexk g_[hevrZy f_kyqgZy Z[hg_glkdZy ieZlZ klj < lh `_ \j_fy ke_^m_l mqblu\Zlv qlh h[f_g ihqlhc ijb ijyfhf ih^dexq_gbb q_j_a kdhjhklghc fh^_f D[bl k b \ur_ h[oh^blky agZqbl_evgh ^_r_\e_ lZd dZd hieZlZ ijb wlhf aZ\bkbl hl \j_f_gb ijh\_^_ggh]h \Zfb gZ ebgbb — Z ^ey lh]h qlh[u ijbgylv b hlijZ\blv ^_kylhd dbeh[Zcl _`_^g_\ghc ihqlu ^hklZlhqgh [md\Zevgh g_kdhevdbo k_dmg^

>jm]hc lbi ih^dexq_gby d Bgl_jg_lm — l_jfbgZevguc Ijb wlhf ihevah\Zl_ev jZ[hlZ_l k [eb`Zcrbf d g_fm maehf dZd k h[uqghc BBS k ihfhsvx ex[hc dhffmgbdZpbhgghc ijh]jZffu Z \k_ hklZevgh_ ijh]jZffgh_ h[_ki_q_gb_ ^ey k\yab k k_lvx gZoh^blky gZ mae_ b bkihevam_lky \ j_`bf_ m^Ze_ggh]h dhgljhey kj klj BgZq_ ]h\hjy fZrbgZ ihevah\Zl_ey jZ[hlZ_l dZd l_jfbgZe dhfivxl_jZ — maeZ k_lb B _keb ma_e bf__l ijyfh_ kh_^bg_gb_ k Bgl_jg_lhf lh lZdhfm ihevah\Zl_ex ^hklmigZ jZ[hlZ \ j_`bf_ online Z agZqbl — ]hjZa^h [he__ m^h[guc ^hklmi d bgnhjfZpbhgguf j_kmjkZf HieZlZ l_jfbgZevgh]h kh_^bg_gby aZ\bkbl eb[h hl h[t_fZ ihemq_gghc b hlijZ\e_gghc bgnhjfZpbb eb[h qZs_ hl ijh^he`bl_evghklb k_ZgkZ k\yab

=eZ\guc g_^hklZlhd lZdh]h ih^dexq_gby — km]m[h l_dklh\uc bgl_jn_ck \u kfh`_l_ m\b^_lv lhevdh lh qlh \ZrZ dhffmgbdZpbhggZy ijh]jZffZ kfh`_l bah[jZablv k -ihfhsvx $6&,,-kbf\h-

eh\ \ j_`bf_ qZs_ \k_]h $16,-l_jfbgZeZ klj L_f g_ f_g__ b ijb l_jfbgZevghf ih^dexq_gbb \Zf [m^_l ^hklmigZ agZqbl_evgZy qZklv RQOLQH-j_kmjkh\ \dexqZy k hij_^_e_ggufb h]jZgbq_gbyfb b kbkl_fm WWW.

GZdhg_p kZfuc wnn_dlb\guc b kh\j_f_gguc kihkh[ ih^dexq_gby — ijyfh_ ih^dexq_gb_ k bkihevah\Zgb_f bgl_jg_lh\kdh]h ijhlhdheZ TCP/IP bgh]^Z gZau\Z_fh_ ,3-ih^dexq_gb_f

Ijb wlhf dhfivxl_j ihevah\Zl_ey klZgh\blky iheghijZ\ghc qZklvx Bgl_jg_lZ — l _ g_ lhevdh hg fh`_l ihevah\Zlvky \k_fb \hafh`ghklyfb j_`bfZ online gh b ^jm]b_ maeu k_lb fh]ml h[jZsZlvky d g_fm gZijyfmx Wlhl j_`bf kgbfZ_l ex[u_ nhjfZevgu_ h]jZgbq_gby ^hklmiZ ij_^_e \Zr_c Zdlb\ghklb b ex[hiulkl\m kfh`_l ihklZ\blv ebrv ijhimkdgZy kihkh[ghklv \Zr_]h fh^_fZ gm b jZamf__lky \Zrb ^_g_`gu_ j_kmjku Djhf_ lh]h ^ey nmgdpbhgbjh\Zgby \ dZq_kl\_ iheghijZ\gh]h maeZ k_lb dhfivxl_j ^he`_g bf_lv ki_pbZevgh_ ijh]jZffgh_ h[_ki_q_gb_ ^hklZlhqgh keh`gh_ \ gZkljhcd_ b fhsgmx hi_jZpbhggmx kbkl_fm k ]jZnbq_kdbf bgl_jn_ckhf Windows 95, OS/2, UNIX).

B \k_ `_ g_khfg_ggh ihqlh\h_ ih^dexq_gb_ _s_ ^he]h [m^_l hklZ\Zlvky ihimeyjguf \ gZr_c kljZg_ Ihwlhfm j_qv h k_lb Bgl_jg_l \ wlhc b ke_^mxs_c ]eZ\Zo [m^_l \_klbkv \ hkgh\ghf k lhqdb aj_gby \eZ^_evpZ ihqlh\h]h Z^j_kZ

Ijh]jZffu

Ijh]jZffgh_ h[_ki_q_gb_ g_h[oh^bfh_ ihevah\Zl_ex ^ey ihqlh- \h]h ih^dexq_gby d Bgl_jg_lm ^_eblky gZ ^\_ qZklb bgh]^Z hgb h[t_^bg_gu \ h^ghc ijh]jZff_ I_j\Zy qZklv — ihqlh\Zy ijh]jZffZ beb j_^Zdlhj khh[s_gbc — kem`bl ^ey jZ[hlu k ibkvfZfb HgZ iha\hey_l qblZlv ijbr_^rb_ ibkvfZ hl\_qZlv gZ gbo khjlbjh\Zlv ibkvfZ ih hl^_evguf ojZgbebsZf iZidZf beb nhe^_jZf — Zg]e folder Z lZd`_ \uihegylv jZaebqgu_ kem`_[gu_ nmgdpbb — khklZ\eylv b j_^Zdlbjh\Zlv kibkdb Z^j_kh\ dh^bjh\Zlv ^ey ihkuedb [bgZjgu_ nZceu klj b ^j

Hq_\b^gh qlh gZ h^ghf b lhf `_ dhfivxl_j_ fh]ml `blv — b ihevah\Zlvky we_dljhgghc ihqlhc — kjZam g_kdhevdh ihevah\Zl_e_c Ijb wlhf hgb jZ[hlZxl k h^ghc ihqlh\hc ijh]jZffhc gh dZ`^uc bf__l k\hb dhibb gZkljh_qguo nZceh\ b k\hb ihqlh\u_ ysbdb ^ey \oh^ys_c b bkoh^ys_c ihqlu Ihqlh\Zy ijh]jZffZ ijb aZimkd_ ijhkbl ihevah\Zl_ey ij_^klZ\blvky b \\_klb iZjhev ihke_ q_]h ihdZau\Z_l _fm kibkhd ibk_f \ _]h ihqlh\hf ysbd_

IbkvfZ ih^]hlh\e_ggu_ ihqlh\hc ijh]jZffhc ^ey hlijZ\db khojZgyxlky gZ ^bkd_ \ \b^_ nZceh\ hkh[h]h nhjfZlZ Qlh[u ^_ckl\bl_evgh hlijZ\blv bo gZ ma_e dlh-lh ba ihevah\Zl_e_c ^he`_g aZimklblv ^jm]mx ijh]jZffm HgZ ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc ki_pbZebabjh\Zggmx dhffmgbdZpbhggmx ijh]jZffm dhlhjZy mf__l a\hgblv lhevdh ih l_e_nhgm l_e_nhgZf maeZ b kZfhklhyl_evgh h[f_gb\Zlvky k gbf ihqlhc ih ijhlhdhem UUCP hlkueZlv ibkvfZ ih^]hlh\e_ggu_ ihqlh\hc ijh]jZffhc b ihemqZlv k maeZ ihklmib\rmx ihqlm dhlhjmx hgZ jZkij_^_ey_l ih ihqlh\uf ysbdZf ihevah\Zl_e_c ^Zgghc fZrbgu AZl_f dZ`^uc ihevah\Zl_ev qblZ_l ijbr_^rb_ _fm ibkvfZ k ihfhsvx j_^ZdlhjZ khh[s_gbc

< dZq_kl\_ j_^ZdlhjZ khh[s_gbc ^ey MS DOS \ gZr_c kljZg_ ihemqbeb jZkijhkljZg_gb_ ijh]jZffu Beauty Mail (BML b Demos Mail (DML Z \ dZq_kl\_ dhffmgbdZpbhgghc ijh]jZffu ^ey k\yab k maehf — mlbeblZ UUPC qv_ gZa\Zgb_ fh`gh jZkrbnjh\Zlv dZd « UUCP ^ey PC» ).1- <k_ [hevrmx ihimeyjghklv ijbh[j_lZxl ZgZeh]bqgu_ ijh]jZffu ^ey Windows dhlhju_ agZqbl_evgh m^h[g__ b h[eZ^Zxl [hevrbfb \hafh`ghklyfb h[uqgh hgb h[t_^bgyxl \ h^ghf iZd_l_ nmgdpbb ihqlh\hc b dhffmgbdZpbhgghc ijh]jZff

>hklhcgu mihfbgZgby iZd_lu Fbgb-Ohkl gZb[he__ nmgdpbhgZevgh [h]ZlZy kbkl_fZ WIM b DMAIL ^ey Windows.

:^j_kZ \ k_lb Bgl_jg_l

Ijbgpbiu Z^j_kZpbb \ k_lb Bgl_jg_l \iheg_ fh]ml ^Zlv ih\h^ fjZqguf rmldZf h ]hkih^kl\_ fZrbg gZ^ ex^vfb >_eh \ lhf qlh ih kmlb iheghp_gguf Z^j_khf \ Bgl_jg_l_ h[eZ^Z_l lhevdh dhfivxl_j Z ihevah\Zl_ev bf__l ebrv ihqlh\uc ysbd account gZ wlhf dhfivxl_j_ G_kijZ\_^eb\hklv hq_\b^gZ ohaybg-dhfivxl_j fh`_l \hh[s_ ]h\hjy ihemqZlv ihqlm g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh kh fgh]bo dhfivxl_jh\ lh]^Z dZd dj_ihklghc ihevah\Zl_ev ijb\yaZg d k\h_fm ihqlh\hfm ysbdm b l_f kZfuf d k\h_fm dhfivxl_jm

Gh rmldb \ klhjhgm :^j_k ihevah\Zl_ey \ Bgl_jg_l_ khklhbl ba ^\mo qZkl_c h^gZ gZau\Z_lky b^_glbnbdZlhjhf ihevah\Zl_ey user), Z \lhjZy — ^hf_ghf domain b jZa^_eyxlky hgb kbf\hehf©#ª

user@domain

DZd gZa\Zgb_ ^hf_gZ lZd b b^_glbnbdZlhj ihevah\Zl_ey fh]ml ^_eblvky gZ k_]f_glu jZa^_ey_fu_ lhqdhc < Z^j_k_ ^himklbfu eZlbgkdb_ [md\u j_]bklj g_ bf__l agZq_gby ^ey gZa\Zgby ^hf_gZ gh bgh]^Z \Z`_g ^ey b^_glbnbdZlhjZ ihevah\Zl_ey pbnju b g_dhlhju_ ^jm]b_ kbf\heu gZijbf_j

Hans.Spreich@iaml<4509.inathematik. uni-karlsruhe.de

< wlhf ijbf_j_ b^_glbnbdZlhj ihevah\Zl_ey khklhbl ba ^\mo k_]f_glh\ Z gZa\Zgb_ ^hf_gZ — ba q_luj_o

K_]f_glu ^hf_gZ beb ih^^hf_gu subdomains h[jZamxl b_jZjobq_kdmx kbkl_fm dZd ijZ\beh i_j\uc ih^^hf_g ke_\Z y\- ey_lky gZa\Zgb_f dhfivxl_jZ gZ dhlhjhf jZkiheh`_g wlhl Z^j_k ke_^mxsbc hagZqZ_l hj]ZgbaZpbx \ dhlhjhc jZkiheh`_gZ wlZ fZrbgZ Z djZcgbc ijZ\uc gh^^hf_g _]h gZau\Zxl ih^^hf_ghf \_jog_]h mjh\gy dZd ijZ\beh y\ey_lky khdjZs_gguf h[h- agZq_gb_f kljZgu LZd \ur_ijb\_^_gguc Z^j_k hagZqZ_l ©=Zgk RijZco q_c ihqlh\uc ysbd jZkiheh`_g gZ dhfivxl_j_ iamk gZ nZdmevl_l_ fZl_fZlbdb mgb\_jkbl_lZ DZjekjmw \ =_jfZgbb

(Deutschland)» .

Ihgylgh qlh Z^j_k [_a b^_glbnbdZlhjZ ihevah\Zl_ey b [_a kbf\heZ ©#ª hlghkblky d kZfhfm dhfivxl_jm-maem — ih lZdhfm Z^j_km g_evay ihkueZlv ihqlm gh hg fh`_l \Zf ihgZ^h[blvky ^ey ^hklmiZ d mkem]Zf ij_^hklZ\ey_fuf g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh maehfgZijbf_j ^ey ^hklmiZ d k_j\_jm WWW gZ wlhf mae_

B^_glbnbdZlhju ihevah\Zl_e_c fh]ml [ulv ex[ufb ihegh_ bfy b nZfbeby dZd \ gZr_f ijbf_j_ bgbpbZeu nZfbebb k bgbpbZeZfb ijha\bsZ b l i Z lZd`_ gZa\Zgby hl^_eh\ beb hj]ZgbaZpbc gZijbf_j library@vms.oxford.ac.uk — [b[ebhl_dZ

GZ h^ghf dhfivxl_j_ fh]ml `blv g_ f_rZy ^jm] ^jm]m kdhevdh m]h^gh ihevah\Zl_e_c gZa\Zgb_ ^hf_gZ m gbo [m^_l h^bgZdh\h_ Z b^_glbnbdZlhju — jZagu_ gZijbf_j bob@oms. spb.su,

MRKQ#RPV VSE VX YDQ\D#RPV VSE VX b l ^ ;he__ lh]h h^bg q_eh\_d \iheg_ fh`_l bf_lv g_kdhevdh Z^j_kh\ gZ h^ghf ^hf_g_gZijbf_j h^bg — ^ey ebqguo ibk_f Z ^jm]hc — ^ey hnbpbZevguo B m` dhg_qgh gbdlh g_ aZij_sZ_l \Zf bf_lv g_kdhevdh Z^j_kh\ gZ jZaguo dhfivxl_jZo

Dlh lZdhc ihqlf_ckl_j

Hkh[uc b^_glbnbdZlhj ihevah\Zl_ey dhlhjuc bf__lky gZ ex[hf ^hf_g_ gZau\Z_lky postmaster gZijbf_j SRVWPDVWHU#NLDH VX ?keb \u agZ_l_ lhevdh gZa\Zgb_ ^hf_gZ gh g_ agZdhfu gb k d_f ba _]h h[blZl_e_c fh`gh Z^j_kh\Zlv ibkvfh postmaster'ywlh]h ^hf_gZ — kdhj__ \k_]h _]h ijhqblZ_l q_eh\_d hl\_lkl\_gguc aZ jZ[hlm ihqlu gZ wlhf dhfivxl_j_Z^fbgbkljZlhj ^hf_gZ Djhf_ lh]h