Добавил:
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:

Сети и телекоммуникации

.pdf
Скачиваний:
95
Добавлен:
02.05.2014
Размер:
3.73 Mб
Скачать

L_ dhfm ohq_lky ihkdhj__ gZqZlv jZ[hlZlv Z g_ bamqZlv hl- \e_q_ggu_ l_hj_lbq_kdb_ hkgh\u fh]ml gZqbgZlv qblZlv kjZam kh \lhjh]h jZa^_eZ klj < g_f kh[jZgu kZfu_ we_f_glZjgu_ k\_^_gby h lhf dZd k^_eZlv ©i_j\uc a\hghdª l _ iha\hgblv fh- ^_fhf gZ ^jm]hc dhfivxl_j b kh_^bgblvky k gbf A^_kv \u magZ_l_ dZdb_ iZjZf_lju ^he`gu [ulv h[yaZl_evgh gZkljh_gu \ dhffmgbdZpbhgghc ijh]jZff_ b ihagZdhfbl_kv k ihke_^h\Zl_evghklvx ^_ckl\bc ijb a\hgd_ fh^_fhf

<b^bfh wlhc bgnhjfZpbb o\Zlbl ^ey gZqZeZ jZ[hlu [hevrbgkl\m ihevah\Zl_e_c Kh\_jrb\ i_j\uc a\hghd \u kdhj__ \k_]h ihqm\kl\m_l_ k_[y gZklhevdh m\_j_ggh qlh ij_^ihql_l_ ^Zevr_ mqblvky gZ ijZdlbd_ B \k_ `_ — gZ\_jgydZ ijb ^Zevg_cr_f hk\h_gbb dhffmgbdZpbhgguo ijh]jZff m \Zk \hagbdg_l fgh`_kl\h \hijhkh\ hl\_lblv gZ dhlhju_A b ijba\Zg ihke_^gbc jZa^_e wlhc ]eZ\u

< g_f fu jZkkfhljbf f_g__ mihlj_[bl_evgu_ ijb_fu gZkljhcdb dhffmgbdZpbhgguo ijh]jZff Z lZd`_ l_ogbq_kdb_ ^_lZeb mijZ\e_gby fh^_fhf MagZ\ \ ih^jh[ghklyo dZd ihevah\Zlvky :L- dhfZg^Zfb qlh lZdh_ j_]bklju fh^_fZ wg_j]hg_aZ\bkbfZy iZfylv b l i \u _keb [m^_l lZdh_ `_eZgb_ klZg_l_ [hevrbf agZlhdhf \ wlhc h[eZklb b kfh`_l_ aZf_lgh hilbfbabjh\Zlv jZ[hlm k\h_]h fh^_fZ

DZd y m`_ ibkZe \h \\_^_gbb \u g_ gZc^_l_ a^_kv ih^jh[guo hibkZgbc dZdbo-lh dhgdj_lguo ijh]jZff Mqblu\Zy h]jZgbq_gguc h[t_f dgb]b [m^_l gZfgh]h ihe_ag__ g_ aZam[jb\Zlv f_gx b ]hjyqb_ deZ\brb dZdhc-lh h^ghc ijh]jZffu Z ihklZjZlvky ihgylv dZdb_ \hh[s_ nmgdpbb bf_xlky \ dhffmgbdZpbhgguo ijh]jZffZo dZd hgb gZau\Zxlky ih-Zg]ebckdb b ]^_ bo \_jhylg__ \k_]h fh`gh gZclb \ ijh]jZff_ Y gZ^_xkv qlh lZdhc wfibjbq_kdbc ih^oh^ iha\hebl \Zf [ukljh hk\hblvky \ ex[hf g_agZdhfhf iZd_l_

Qlh mf_xl dhffmgbdZpbhggu_ ijh]jZffu

< wlhf jZa^_e_ fu jZkkfhljbf hkgh\gu_ k\hckl\Z dhffmgbdZpbhgguo ijh]jZff <u magZ_l_ ^ey q_]h hgb ij_^gZagZq_gu qlh hgb fh]ml b q_]h g_ fh]ml dZdb_ m gbo _klv j_`bfu b \hafh`ghklb b gZ qlh klhbl h[jZsZlv \gbfZgb_ ijb \u[hj_ dhffmgbdZpbhgghc ijh]jZffu Qlh[u Zg]ehyauqguc bgl_jn_ck ijh]jZffu g_ klZe ij_iylkl\b_f d ijbf_g_gbx gZ ijZdlbd_ ihemq_gguo a^_kv agZgbc ^ey \k_o l_jfbgh\ b ihgylbc \ wlhf jZa^_e_ dZd \ijhq_f b \h \k_c dgb]_ ^Zxlky bo Zg]ebckdb_ wd\b\Ze_glu

GZqg_f k lh]h qlh \k_ dhffmgbdZpbhggu_ ijh]jZffu fh`gh jZa^_eblv gZ ^\Z [hevrbo deZkkZ ijh]jZffu h[s_]h gZagZq_gby dhlhju_ iha\heyxl k\yaZlvky b jZ[hlZlv k ex[hc BBS k_lvx kijZ\hqghc kem`[hc b l i b ijh]jZffu ki_pbZebabjh\Zggu_ dhlhju_ ij_^gZagZq_gu ^ey jZ[hlu lhevdh k h^ghc dZdhc-eb[h kem`[hc \ dhlhjhc dZd ijZ\beh \u wlm ijh]jZffm b ihemqZ_l_ ihke_ j_]bkljZpbb

Ki_pbZebabjh\ZggZy ijh]jZffZ h[uqgh kh^_j`bl dZdb_-lh hkh[u_ nmgdpbb b ih^^_j`dm ki_pbZevguo ijhlhdheh\ g_h[oh^bfuo ^ey jZ[hlu k ^Zgghc k_lvx beb bgnhjfZpbhgghc kem`[hc >hklmighklv k_lb Bgl_jg_l ijb\_eZ \ ihke_^g__ \j_fy d rbjhdhfm jZkijhkljZg_gbx h^gh]h \b^Z ki_pbZebabjh\Zgguo ijh]jZff Z bf_ggh ^jZc\_jh\ TCP/IP, lZdbo dZd Trumpet Win-sock beb fh^mev Dial-Up Networking \ Windows Wlb ijh]jZffu ij_^gZagZq_gu ^ey k\yab q_j_a fh^_f k dhfivxl_jhf Bgl_jg_l-ijh\Zc^_jZ b h[_ki_qb\Zxl \h \j_fy k\yab jZ[hlm bgl_jg_lh\kdh]h ijhlhdheZ TCP/IP GZkljhcdZ wlbo ijh]jZff — hl^_evgZy [hevrZy l_fZ dhlhjmx fu \ wlhc dgb]_ aZljZ]b\Zlv g_ [m^_f 1

<Z`gh ihgbfZlv qlh ijbeh`_gby ^ey jZ[hlu k Bgl_jg_lhf lZdb_ dZd ijh]jZffZ we_dljhgghc ihqlu [jhma_j beb)73-deb-_gl g_ y\eyxlky dhffmgbdZpbhggufb ijh]jZffZfb \hh[s_ — hgb g_ h[jZsZxlky gZijyfmx d fh^_fm Z ebrv ihevamxlky mkem]Zfb ^jZc\_jZ TCP/IP ;eZ]h^Zjy wlhfm ^hihegbl_evghfm mjh\gx Z[kljZdpbb h^gZ b lZ `_ ijh]jZffZ-[jhma_j fh`_l \ qZklghklb k jZ\guf mki_ohf jZ[hlZlv dZd q_j_a fh^_f lZd b q_j_a ehdZevgmx k_lv Ihkdhevdm gZk k_cqZk bgl_j_kmxl \aZbfhhlghr_gby ijh]jZff bf_ggh k fh^_fhf a^_kv h[ wlbo ijh]jZffZo fu ]h\hjblv lZd`_ g_ [m^_f ih^jh[g__ h ijh]jZffZo we_dljhgghc ihqlu \u magZ_l_ ba ]eZ\u Z h ijh]jZffZo ^ey jZ[hlu \ j_`bf_ online — \ ]eZ\_

J_`bf l_jfbgZeZ terminal mode)

Wlhl j_`bf ijbkmlkl\m_l \h \k_o [_a bkdexq_gby dhffmgbdZpbhgguo ijh]jZffZo ihwlhfm bo bgh]^Z gZau\Zxl _s_ l_jfbgZevgufb ijh]jZffZfb <bamZevgh hg ij_^klZ\e_g qbkluf b ih ljZ^bpbb q_jguf wdjZghf gZ dhlhjhf h^bg d h^ghfm hlh[jZ`Z_lky \k_ qlh \u \\h^bl_ k deZ\bZlmju b \k_ qlh ijboh^bl hl fh-

^_fZ Wlh hkgh\ghc bgkljmf_gl jZ[hlu hg q_f-lh gZihfbgZ_l dhfZg^gmx kljhdm DOS) — \ wlhf j_`bf_ \u k\hbfb ]eZaZfb \b^bl_ \k_ qlh ijhoh^bl q_j_a fh^_f

?keb fh^_f gZoh^blky \ j_`bf_ dhfZg^ lh j_`bf l_jfbgZeZ iha\hey_l \\h^blv k deZ\bZlmju :L-dhfZg^u b gZ[ex^Zlv hl\_l fh^_fZ gZ gbo Ihke_ kh_^bg_gby \ j_`bf_ l_jfbgZeZ fh`gh [_- k_^h\Zlv k q_eh\_dhf beb ijh]jZffhc gZ ^jm]hf dhgp_ ebgbb gZ[bjZy k\hb j_iebdb beb dhfZg^u b qblZy k wdjZgZ hl\_lu k m^Ze_gghc fZrbgu < wlhf j_`bf_ ijhoh^bl [hevrZy qZklv jZ[hlu k dhffmgbdZpbhgghc ijh]jZffhc h[s_]h gZagZq_gby — h[uqgh ba g_]h \uoh^yl lhevdh ^ey lh]h qlh[u ihkeZlv beb ijbgylv nZce

QZs_ \k_]h \ j_`bf_ l_jfbgZeZ gZ wdjZg_ hlh[jZ`Z_lky ijhklhc ASCII-l_dkl klj [_a dZdbo [u lh gb [ueh mdjZr_gbc \:LQGRZVijh]jZffZo g_h[oh^bfh ihevah\Zlvky fhghrbjbgguf rjbnlhf \k_ kbf\heu \ dhlhjhf bf_xl h^bgZdh\mx rbjbgm Gh fh`gh bkihevah\Zlv b g_dhlhju_ ki_pbZevgu_ wnn_dlu baf_g_gb_ p\_lZ \u^_e_gb_ f_jpZgb_f b l i GZ[hj wlbo wnn_dlh\ aZ\bkbl hl \u[jZggh]h j_`bfZ wfmeypbb l_jfbgZeZ klj ?kl_kl\_ggh ijh]jZffZ gZ ^jm]hf dhgp_ ebgbb ^he`gZ ijb wlhf ihevah\Zlvky l_f `_ lbihf l_jfbgZeZ

H[sZlvky k q_eh\_dhf gZ ^jm]hf dhgp_ ebgbb \ j_`bf_ l_jfbgZeZ fh`gh gh g_ kebrdhf m^h[gh — \Zrb b _]h j_iebdb gZ wdjZg_ [m^ml kf_rb\Zlvky Ihwlhfm \h fgh]bo dhffmgbdZpbhgguo ijh]jZffZo bf__lky jZagh\b^ghklv l_jfbgZevgh]h j_`bfZ — j_`bf ^bZeh]Z (chat mode dh]^Z wdjZg ^_eblky gZ ^\_ qZklb \ h^ghc hlh[jZ`Z_lky lh qlh \u \\h^bl_ k deZ\bZlmju Z \ ^jm]hc — lh qlh ijboh^bl k ebgbb l _ hl \Zr_]h kh[_k_^gbdZ

:\lhfZlbq_kdZy gZkljhcdZ

(automate setup)

<k_ dhffmgbdZpbhggu_ ijh]jZffu iha\heyxl Z\lhfZlbabjh\Zlv ijhp_kk gZkljhcdb fh^_fZ :L-dhfZg^u ^ey mklZgh\db g_h[oh^bfuo iZjZf_ljh\ h[t_^bgyxlky \ lZd gZau\Z_fmx kljhdm bgbpbZebaZpbb (initialization string dhlhjmx ijh]jZffZ ihkueZ_l \ fh^_f dZ`^uc jZa ijb k\h_f aZimkd_ Z bgh]^Z — b i_j_^ dZ`^uf gZ[hjhf ghf_jZ WlZ kljhdZ fh`_l kh^_j`Zlv dhfZg^u \dexq_gby b \udexq_gby jZaebqguo j_`bfh\ mklZgh\db iZjZf_ljh\ kh_^bg_gby baf_g_gby ]jhfdhklb ^bgZfbdZ b l ^

Dhg_qgh ihke_ aZimkdZ ijh]jZffu gZoh^ykv \ j_`bf_ l_jfbgZeZ \u fh`_l_ \jmqgmx ^Z\Zlv fh^_fm ex[u_ dhfZg^u ^hihegyy b baf_gyy _]h gZkljhcdm Fgh]b_ gZb[he__ mihlj_[b-

l_evgu_ ^_ckl\by \ug_k_gu \ f_gx lZd \u fh`_l_ i_j_\_klb fh^_f \ j_`bf h`b^Zgby a\hgdZ \\_^y k deZ\bZlmju khhl\_lkl\mxsmx :L- dhfZg^m \ j_`bf_ l_jfbgZeZ gh ijhs_ gZ`Zlv g_dhlhjmx dhf[bgZpbx deZ\br beb \u[jZlv dhfZg^m ba f_gx — b ijh]jZffZ k^_eZ_l \k_ kZfZ

GZ[hj ghf_jZ dialing)

H^gZ ba \Z`g_crbo nmgdpbc b fh^_fZ b dhffmgbdZpbhgghc ijh]jZffu — gZ[hj ghf_jZ M fh^_fZ ^ey wlh]h _klv ki_pbZevgZy :L-dhfZg^Z gh hiylv-lZdb q_f gZ[bjZlv __ k deZ\bZlmju \jmqgmx ]hjZa^h [uklj__ b m^h[g__ \hkihevah\Zlvky k_j\bkhf dhffmgbdZpbhgghc ijh]jZffu

;hevrbgkl\h dhffmgbdZpbhgguo ijh]jZff iha\heyxl \_klb kibkhd ghf_jh\ l_e_nhgh\ k khimlkl\mxs_c bgnhjfZpb_c lZdhc dZd gZa\Zgb_ BBS beb kem`[u iZjZf_lju k\yab ^ZlZ ihke_^g_]h a\hgdZ b l i Wlhl kibkhd fh`gh j_^Zdlbjh\Zlv b ijyfh ba g_]h ^Z\Zlv dhfZg^m gZ gZ[hj ghf_jZ

;he__ lh]h g_dhlhju_ ijh]jZffu iha\heyxl ^ha\Zgb\Zlvky ih g_kdhevdbf ghf_jZf ba kibkdZ _keb gZ h^ghf ba ghf_jh\ aZgylh beb gbdlh g_ hl\_qZ_l ijh]jZffZ i_j_oh^bl d ke_^mxs_fm — b lZd ^Ze__ ihdZ g_ ^ha\hgblky Ihevah\Zl_ev ijb wlhf fh`_l aZgylvky ^jm]bfb ^_eZfb — dh]^Z mklZgh\blky kh_^bg_gb_ ijh]jZffZ _]h ihah\_l a\mdh\uf kb]gZehf Z ijb jZ[hl_ \ Windows beb 26 ^Z`_ g_ h[yaZl_evgh hloh^blv hl dhfivxl_jZ — fgh]haZ^Zqghklv wlbo kbkl_f iha\hey_l jZ[hlZlv k ^jm]bfb ijbeh`_gbyfb ihdZ dhffmgbdZpbhggZy ijh]jZffZ ^ha\Zgb\Z_lky

AZo\Zl capturing)

<h \j_fy ^bZeh]Z k m^Ze_gghc fZrbghc \ j_`bf_ l_jfbgZeZ bgnhjfZpby \u\h^bfZy gZ wdjZg h[uqgh \ul_kgylky \\_jo b bkq_aZ_l [_kke_^gh Qlh[u khojZgblv dZdb_-lh \Z`gu_ k\_^_gby fgh]b_ dhffmgbdZpbhggu_ ijh]jZffu ij_^hklZ\eyxl \hafh`ghklv aZo\ZlZ bah[jZ`_gby gZ wdjZg_ GZ`Z\ hij_^_e_ggmx dhf[bgZpbx deZ\br \u ©knhlh]jZnbjm_l_ª wdjZg — _]h kh^_j`bfh_ aZibr_lky \ g_dhlhjuc nZce

Djhf_ lh]h fh`gh \dexqblv ki_pbZevguc j_`bf j_]bkljZpbb (log mode Ijb wlhf \k_ qlh ihy\ey_lky gZ wdjZg_ — b i_j_^Zggh_ k ^jm]hc fZrbgu b \\_^_ggh_ \Zfb k deZ\bZlmju — Z\lhfZlbq_kdb aZibku\Z_lky \©ijhlhdhevguc nZceª ORJ-nZce

Wlh ^Z_l \hafh`ghklv ijhZgZebabjh\Zlv \ihke_^kl\bb \_kv k_Zgk k\yab

I_j_kuedZ nZceh\ (file transfer)

I_j_kuedZ nZceZ — h^gZ ba l_o nmgdpbc dhlhju_ ijhklh g_\hafh`gh \uihegblv k ihfhsvx h^gh]h ebrv fh^_fZ Ihwlhfm hl dhffmgbdZpbhgguo ijh]jZff [ueh [u fZeh ijhdm _keb [u hgb g_ mf_eb i_j_kueZlv nZceu ih dZdhfm-gb[m^v ba ijhlhdheh\ i_j_^Zqb nZceh\ Q_f [hevr_ jZaguo ijhlhdheh\ ih^^_j`b\Z_l ijh]jZffZ l_f emqr_ gh \ ex[hf kemqZ_ \ g_c ^he`gZ ijbkmlkl\h\Zlv deZkkbdZ— Xmodem, Kermit b Zmodem klj ^Z`_ _keb \u ij_^ihqblZ_l_ ihevah\Zlvky dZdbf-lh [he__ bahsj_gguf ijhlhdhehf

<ijhq_f _keb gm`gh]h ijhlhdheZ \ \Zr_c ijh]jZff_ g_l _s_ g_ \k_ ihl_jygh G_dhlhju_ ijhlhdheu j_Zebah\Zgu \ \b^_ hl^_evguo j_ab^_glguo ijh]jZff ^ey MS DOS dhlhju_ aZ]jm`Zxlky \ iZfylv ^h aZimkdZ dhffmgbdZpbhgghc ijh]jZffu Z \ gm`guc fhf_gl \uau\Zxlky dZdhc-eb[h dhf[bgZpb_c deZ\br LZdb_ \g_rgb_ ijhlhdheu h[uqgh jZkijhkljZgyxlky dZd [_kieZlgu_ beb mkeh\gh [_kieZlgu_ ijh]jZffu

Kp_gZjbb scripts)

K\yaZ\rbkv k dZdhc-gb[m^v BBS \u h[uqgh ijhba\h^bl_ jy^ jmlbgguo ^_ckl\bc gZ[bjZ_l_ k\h_ bfy b iZjhev ijh\_jy_l_ g_l eb ^ey \Zk ihqlu ijhkfZljb\Z_l_ gh\u_ nZceu b l i ;hevrbgkl\h dhffmgbdZpbhgguo ijh]jZff iha\heyxl Z\lhfZlbabjh\Zlv wlhl ijhp_kk gZibkZ\ ^ey dZ`^h]h ghf_jZ l_e_nhgZ k\hc kp_gZjbc \aZbfh^_ckl\by — g_qlh \jh^_ fZdjhdhfZg^u

GZebqb_ kp_gZjby ^ey ^Zggh]h ghf_jZ l_e_nhgZ h[uqgh dZd-lh hlf_q_gh \ kibkd_ ghf_jh\ ojZgys_fky \ dhffmgbdZpbhgghc ijh]jZff_ Iha\hgb\ b k\yaZ\rbkv ijh]jZffZ \dexqZ_l khhl\_lkl\mxsbc kp_gZjbc b aZeh`_ggu_ \ g_f ^_ckl\by \uihegyxlky Z\lhfZlbq_kdb Kp_gZjbc fh`_l hibku\Zlv dZd \_kv k_Zgk k\yab — hl \\h^Z bf_gb b iZjhey ^h jZat_^bg_gby — lZd b lhevdh _]h gZqZeh ihke_ lh]h dZd kp_gZjbc hljZ[hlZe \u ijh^he`Z_l_ ^bZeh] k m^Ze_gghc fZrbghc kZfhklhyl_evgh

Ohly gZibkZgb_ lZdh]h kp_gZjby lj_[m_l g_dhlhjuo ijh]jZffbklkdbo gZ\udh\ ex[hc [he__-f_g__ hiulguc ihevah\Zl_ev kijZ\ey_lky k wlbf [_a ljm^Z Yaud kp_gZjb_\ \kljh_gguc \ dhffmgbdZpbhggmx ijh]jZffm h[uqgh g_ keh`g__ ;_ckbdZ Dhg_qgh wlhl yaud ^he`_g [ulv ^hklZlhqgh ]b[dbf b [h]Zluf

qlh[u gZ g_f fh`gh [ueh hibkZlv keh`gu_ kp_gZjbb \aZbfh^_ckl\by — lZd hg h[yaZl_evgh ^he`_g kh^_j`Zlv pbdeu mkeh\gu_ b [_amkeh\gu_ i_j_oh^u ih^ijh]jZffu

<ijhq_f kha^Zlv g_keh`guc kp_gZjbc fh`gh b [_a \kydh]h ijh]jZffbjh\Zgby Fgh]b_ ijh]jZffu mf_xl aZihfbgZlv \Zrb ^_ckl\by dh]^Z \u jZ[hlZ_l_ k m^Ze_gghc fZrbghc b aZibku\Zlv bo \ l_dkl_ kp_gZjby Dh]^Z \u iha\hgbl_ ih wlhfm ghf_jm \ ke_^mxsbc jZa ijh]jZffZ lhqgh \hkijhba\_^_l \k_ qlh \u ^_eZeb jZgvr_ kZfb

J_`bf ohklZ host mode)

WlZ \hafh`ghklv bf_xsZyky \ kZfuo jZa\bluo dhffmgbdZpbhgguo ijh]jZffZo iha\hey_l ij_\jZlblv \Zrm fZrbgm \ g_[hevrmx BBS. Ijb wlhf ijh]jZffZ [_a \Zr_]h mqZklby ijbgbfZ_l a\hgdb b h[kem`b\Z_l ihevah\Zl_e_c ij_^hklZ\eyy bf \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl mjh\gy ^hklmiZ jZaghh[jZagu_ \hafh`ghklb — ihemqZlv beb i_j_^Z\Zlv nZceu qblZlv b hklZ\eylv khh[s_gby b ^Z`_ \uihegylv gZ \Zr_f dhfivxl_j_ ijh]jZffu b dhfZg^u DOS gZ[ex^Zy j_amevlZl bo jZ[hlu gZ k\h_f wdjZg_

DZd b gZklhysZy BBS kf ]e dhffmgbdZpbhggZy ijh]jZffZ \ j_`bf_ ohklZ aZijZrb\Z_l bfy b iZjhev iha\hgb\r_]h ihevah\Zl_ey j_]bkljbjm_l \j_fy a\hgdZ b ijhba\_^_ggu_ ^_ckl\by <ijhq_f hkh[uf [h]Zlkl\hf \hafh`ghkl_c wlhl j_`bf h[uqgh g_ hlebqZ_lky — _keb \u ohlbl_ mkljhblv k_jv_agmx BBS lh ^ey wlh]h emqr_ ijb[_]gmlv d ihfhsb ki_pbZevguo ijh]jZff J_`bf ohklZ m^h[_g _keb \u ohlbl_ ebrv h[_ki_qblv k_[_ b dhee_]Zf \hafh`ghklv h[f_gb\Zlvky nZceZfb k fZrbghc \ \Zr_ hlkmlkl\b_

<k_ \aZbfh^_ckl\b_ k iha\hgb\rbf ihevah\Zl_e_f aZijhk iZjhey \u^ZqZ f_gx \uiheg_gb_ dhfZg^ lZd`_ hibku\Z_lky gZ yaud_ kp_gZjb_\ lZd qlh gZ[hj ^_ckl\bc \hafh`guo \ j_`bf_ ohklZ iheghklvx hij_^_ey_lky \eZ^_evp_f ijh]jZffu Kdhj__ \k_]h ibkZlv kp_gZjbc j_`bfZ ohklZ kZfhklhyl_evgh \Zf g_ ijb^_lky — _keb ijh]jZffZ ih^^_j`b\Z_l wlhl j_`bf lh hgZ ihklZ\ey_lky \f_kl_ k ]hlh\uf kp_gZjb_f ohly klhbl g_fgh]h ihljm^blvky qlh[u emqr_ gZkljhblv _]h gZ \Zrb ihlj_[ghklb

Fgh]haZ^Zqghklv multitaskms)

>ey dhffmgbdZpbhgguo ijh]jZff fgh]haZ^Zqghklv l _ \hafh`ghklv \uihegylv gZ dhfivxl_j_ h^gh\j_f_ggh g_kdhevdh jZ[hl \_kvfZ ZdlmZevgZ lZd dZd ^ha\hg b i_j_^ZqZ nZceh\ g_j_^-

dh ^eylky ^h\hevgh ^he]h b [ueh [u h[b^gh _keb [u fZrbgZ \ wlh \j_fy g_ fh]eZ ^_eZlv gbq_]h ^jm]h]h

DhffmgbdZpbhgguf ijh]jZffZf ^ey fgh]haZ^Zqguo hi_jZpbhgguo kbkl_f Windows 26 aZ[hlblvky h[ wlhf g_ ijboh- ^blky lZd dZd kZfZ hi_jZpbhggZy kbkl_fZ iha\hey_l i_j_dexqZlvky f_`^m ijbeh`_gbyfb Keh`g__ k ijh]jZffZfb ^ey MS DOS.

G_dhlhju_ dhffmgbdZpbhggu_ ijh]jZffu ^ey DOS gZijbf_j Telemate j_Zebamxl lZd gZau\Z_fmx \gmlj_ggxx fgh]haZ^Zqghklv (internal multitasking). Wlh hagZqZ_l qlh hl^_evgu_ dhfihg_glu lZdbo ijh]jZff fh]ml jZ[hlZlv h^gh\j_f_ggh GZijbf_j ihdZ Telemate ^ha\Zgb\Z_lky \u fh`_l_ khklZ\eylv ibkvfh \h \kljh_gghf l_dklh\hf j_^Zdlhj_ wlhc ijh]jZffu

?s_ h^bg kihkh[ j_ZebaZpbb fgh]haZ^Zqghklb \ DOS — bkihevah\Zgb_ j_ab^_glguo ijh]jZff ^ey ^ha\hgZ b kh_^bg_gby AZimklb\ lZdmx j_ab^_glgmx ijh]jZffm \u mdZau\Z_l_ _c ghf_j l_e_nhgZ b hgZ gZqbgZ_l a\hgblv ih wlhfm ghf_jm \ nhgh\hf j_`bf_ Z \u ijb wlhf fh`_l_ jZ[hlZlv k ^jm]bfb ijh]jZffZfb Dh]^Z j_ab^_glgZy ijh]jZffZ ^ha\hgblky b ijhbahc^_l kh_^bg_gb_ \u aZ\_jrZ_l_ \k_ ijh]jZffu aZimkdZ_l_ dhffmgbdZpbhgguc iZd_l b gZqbgZ_l_ jZ[hlm \ j_`bf_ l_jfbgZeZ Kms_kl\mxl lZd`_ iheghp_ggu_ dhffmgbdZpbhggu_ ijh]jZffu dhlhju_ aZ]jm`Zxlky j_ab^_glgh b jZ[hlZxl \ nhgh\hf j_`bf_ \h \j_fy ^ha\hgZ b i_j_kuedb nZceh\ gZijbf_j Nexus).

M^Ze_gguc dhgljhev remote control)

Ki_pbZevgu_ ijh]jZffu gZijbf_j Norton pcANYWHERE ih- a\heyxl k ihfhsvx fh^_fZ jZ[hlZlv gZ m^Ze_gghf dhfivxl_j_ ihqlb dZd gZ k\h_f kh[kl\_gghf — gZijbf_j kh k\h_]h ^hfZrg_]h dhfivxl_jZ \u kfh`_l_ fZgbimebjh\Zlv nZceZfb b aZimkdZlv ijh]jZffu gZ dhfivxl_j_ \ hnbk_ jZamf__lky ^ey wlh]h gZ hnbkghf dhfivxl_j_ ^he`gZ [ulv mklZgh\e_gZ lZdZy `_ ijh]jZffZ Z \u ^he`gu h[eZ^Zlv ^ey wlh]h khhl\_lkl\mxsbfb ijZ\Zfb ^hklmiZ beb `_ g_ \uoh^y ba ^hfZ jZah[jZlvky qlh kemqbehkv k dhfivxl_jhf m \Zr_]h ijbyl_ey gZ ^jm]hf dhgp_ ]hjh^Z

Kms_kl\mxl \_jkbb lZdbo ijh]jZff g_ lhevdh ^ey DOS gh b ^ey Windows K bo ihfhsvx fh`gh aZimkdZlv gZ m^Ze_gghc fZrbg_ ihqlb ex[h_:LQGRZV-ijbeh`_gb_ dhlhjhfm [m^_l khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv hdgh gZ \Zr_f wdjZg_ d kh`Ze_gbx iheghp_ggZy jZ[hlZ ijb wlhf \hafh`gZ lhevdh ^ey ijbeh`_gbc k hlghkbl_evgh g_keh`guf bgl_jn_ckhf [_a bkihevah\Zgby ]jZnbdb

JZ[hlZ q_j_a Bgl_jg_l

KlZgpbb BBS dhlhju_ g_dh]^Z [ueb _^bgkl\_gguf kj_^kl\hf ^ey lhc beb bghc nbjfu ij_^hklZ\blv \k_f `_eZxsbf m^Ze_gguc ^hklmi d k\h_c bgnhjfZpbb k_cqZk ijZdlbq_kdb \ul_kg_gu \ wlhc jheb kbkl_fhc WWW klj L_f g_ f_g__ ijbgpbiu bgl_jn_ckZ BBS

— hihagZgb_ ihk_lbl_ey k ihfhsvx \oh^gh]h bf_gb b iZjhey ©i_jkhgZevgZyª gZkljhcdZ iZjZf_ljh\ ihevah\Zl_ey m^h[gh_ kh\f_s_gb_ nmgdpbc nZceh\hc [b[ebhl_db h[f_gZ ibkvfZfb b `b\h]h h[s_gby \ j_`bf_ online — bf_xl hij_^_e_ggu_ ij_bfms_kl\Z i_j_^ [_kkljZklghc \k_^hklmighklvx :::-k_j\_jZ Ihwlhfm \ ihke_^gb_ ]h^u ihy\behkv g_fZeh Bg-l_jg_l-%%6dhlhju_ hlebqZxlky hl h[uqguo lhevdh l_f qlh ^hklmi d gbf ijhbkoh^bl q_j_a dZgZeu Bgl_jg_lZ b ihlhfm dklZlb kh\_jr_ggh g_ h]jZgbq_g ]_h]jZnbq_kdb

:gZeh]hf j_`bfZ l_jfbgZeZ \ Bgl_jg_l_ y\ey_lky ijhlhdhe telnet G_keh`gZy ijh]jZffZ-deb_gl ^ey k\yab ih wlhfm ijhlhdhemqZs_ \k_]h hgZ lZd`_ ghkbl gZa\Zgb_ telnet h[yaZl_evgh \oh^bl \ khklZ\ ex[h]h gZ[hjZ ijh]jZff ^ey ^hklmiZ d Bgl_jg_lm b k __ ihfhsvx \iheg_ fh`gh k^_eZlv i_j\uc \babl gZ Bgl_jg_l-BBS. H^gZdh ^ey k_jv_aghc jZ[hlu \Zf ihlj_[m_lky [he__ iheguc ZgZeh] l_jfbgZevghc ijh]jZffu mf_xsbc \ qZklghklb h[f_gb\Zlvky nZceZfb k ihfhsvx ijhlhdheh\ lbiZ Zmodem <iheg_ eh]bqgh ihwlhfm qlh emqrb_ ba dhffmgbdZpbhgguo ijh]jZff ^ey fh^_fghc k\yab jZa\b\Zykv ijbh[j_eb \hafh`ghklv k\yau\Zlvky b q_j_a Bgl_jg_l

LZdb_ dhffmgbdZpbhggu_ ijh]jZffu gZijbf_j Netterm beb Softerm Plus) fh]ml jZ[hlZlv \ h^ghf ba ^\mo j_`bfh\ < i_j\hf j_`bf_ ijh]jZffZ h[jZsZ_lky g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh d fj^_fm aZ\_^m_l _]h bgbpbZebaZpb_c gZ[hjhf ghf_jZ b l i Z ihke_ kh_^bg_gby h[f_gb\Z_lky ^Zggufb g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh q_j_a fh^_f <h \lhjhf j_`bf_ lZ `_ kZfZy ijh]jZffZ©aZ[u\Z_lªh kms_kl\h\Zgbb fh^_fZ b \_^_l k_[y dZd ex[h_ ^jm]h_ Bgl_jg_l-ijbeh`_-gb_ h[f_gb\Zykv ^Zggufb q_j_a ^jZc\_j TCP/IP klj — dhlhjuc \ k\hx hq_j_^v fh`_l bkihevah\Zlv ^ey k\yab k Bgl_jg_lhf dZd fh^_f lZd b ^jm]b_ kj_^kl\Z Kem`_[gu_ nmgdpbb lZdb_ dZd ijhlhdheu i_j_^Zqb nZceh\ kp_gZjbb beb aZibkv \ ijhlhdhevguc nZce jZ[hlZxl h^bgZdh\h \ ex[hf ba wlbo j_`bfh\

JZ[hlZ k nZdkZfb

?keb \Zr fh^_f fh`_l ihkueZlv b ijbgbfZlv nZdku lh \Zf gm`gZ ki_pbZevgZy ijh]jZffZ ^ey jZ[hlu k nZdkZfb Ijbgpbiu

nmgdpbhgbjh\Zgby wlbo ijh]jZff kbevgh jZaebqZxlky \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl lh]h ^ey dZdhc kj_^u ij_^gZagZq_gZ ijh]jZffZ — ^ey DOS beb ^ey Windows ihwlhfm a^_kv fu jZkkfhljbf wlb ^\Z deZkkZ ijh]jZff hl^_evgh

NZdk-ijh]jZffu ^ey DOS

;hevrbgkl\h nZdk-ijh]jZff ^ey DOS — h[uqgu_ dhffmgbdZpbhggu_ ijh]jZffu \ dhlhju_ ^h[Z\e_gZ \hafh`ghklv jZ[hlu k nZdkZfb NZdku ]hlh\u_ d hlijZ\d_ beb lhevdh qlh ijbgylu_ ojZgylky \ wlbo ijh]jZffZo \ \b^_ nZceh\ hkh[h]h ]jZnbq_kdh]h nhjfZlZ dZd ijZ\beh k\h_]h \ dZ`^hc ijh]jZff_

Ihfbfh hlijZ\db b ihkuedb nZdkZ ijh]jZffu ij_^hklZ\eyxl jZaebqgu_ k_j\bkgu_ \hafh`ghklb i_qZlv nZdkZ ijhkfhlj _]h gZ wdjZg_ ih^^_j`dZ hl^_evgh]h kibkdZ l_e_nhgh\ ^ey ihkuedb nZdkh\ \_^_gb_ `mjgZeZ j_]bkljZpbbORJ-nZceZ hlijZ\db b ijb_fZ nZdkh\ b l i Djhf_ lh]h \u fh`_l_ khojZgblv nZdk \ dZdhf-gb[m^v h[s_ijbgylhf ]jZnbq_kdhf nhjfZl_ PCX, TIFF qlh iha\hebl aZl_f ijhkfZljb\Zlv b j_^Zdlbjh\Zlv _]h \ ]jZnbq_kdhf j_^Zdlhj_

Fgh]b_ ijh]jZffu fh]ml aZ]jm`Zlvky j_ab^_glgh qlh iha\hebl \Zf g_ l_jylv \j_f_gb \ h`b^Zgbb a\hgdZ — \kx ijhp_^mjm

mklZgh\e_gby kh_^bg_gby b ijb_fZ nZdkZ ijh]jZffZ ijh^_eZ_l kZfhklhyl_evgh \ lh \j_fy dZd \u fh`_l_ ijh^he`Zlv jZ[hlZlv k ^jm]bfb ijbeh`_gbyfb

D kh`Ze_gbx nZdk-ijh]jZffu ^ey DOS djZcg_ g_m^h[gu bf_ggh l_f qlh nZdk ^ey gbo — ijhklh ]jZnbq_kdbc nZce l _ ©dZjlbgdZª b ihwlhfm i_j_\_klb bfihjlbjh\Zlv \ nZdkh\uc nhjfZl h[uqguc nZce k l_dklhf g_ lZd-lh ijhklh Ihqlb \k_ nZdkijh]jZffu iha\heyxl bfihjlbjh\Zlv h[uqguc $6&,,-l_dkl gh _keb \u aZohlbl_ hlijZ\blv nZdkhf ^hdmf_gl ih^]hlh\e_gguc kdZ`_f \ Microsoft Word \Zk `^_l jZahqZjh\Zgb_ — [hevrbgkl\h ijh]jZff wlhl nhjfZl g_ \hkijbgbfZxl

NZdk-ijh]jZffu ^ey Windows

Ih`Zemc nZdk-ijh]jZffu ^ey Windows — h^bg ba l_o kemqZ_\ dh]^Z ij_bfms_kl\Z wlhc fgh]haZ^Zqghc kj_^u \uoh^yl ^Ze_dh aZ jZfdb m^h[gh]h ]jZnbq_kdh]h bgl_jn_ckZ ?^bgh_ bgnhjfZpbhggh_ ijhkljZgkl\h \ dhlhjhf jZ[hlZxl \k_ ijbeh`_gby Windows, iha\hey_l ]hjZa^h m^h[g__ b wnn_dlb\g__ fZgbimebjh\Zlv k nZdkZfb

Ijhbkoh^bl wlh ke_^mxsbf h[jZahf Ijb k\hc mklZgh\d_ nZdkijh]jZffZ ^ey Windows \\h^bl \ khklZ\ kbkl_fu ki_pbZev-

guc ^jZc\_j dhlhjuc k lhqdb aj_gby Windows ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc h[uqguc ^jZc\_j ijbgl_jZ LZdbf h[jZahf m \Zk ihy\ey_lky dZd [u _s_ h^bg ijbgl_j dhlhjuc \k_]^Z fh`gh \u[jZlv \ hdg_ Printer Setup ex[hc ijh]jZffu Windows kihkh[ghc ohlv qlh-lh \u\h^blv gZ i_qZlv

AZdZaZ\ i_qZlv gZ wlhl ©ijbgl_jª ba dZdh]h-gb[m^v ijbeh`_gby \u l_f kZfuf ^Z_l_ nZdk-ijh]jZff_ dhfZg^m gZqZlv i_j_kuedm ^hdmf_glZ ih nZdkm K lhqdb aj_gby Windows wlh gbq_f g_ hlebqZ_lky hl i_qZlb lh]h `_ kZfh]h ^hdmf_glZ — jZa\_ qlh [mfZ`gZy dhiby \ue_a_l g_ ba ijbgl_jZ gZ \Zr_f klhe_ Z ba nZdkfZrbgu gZ ^jm]hf dhgp_ ebgbb <u fh`_l_ l_i_jv aZ[ulv h dZdbo [u lh gb [ueh nhjfZlZo b ij_h[jZah\Zgbyo f_`^m gbfb

ba ex[h]h ijbeh`_gby Windows m dhlhjh]h \ f_gx File _klv dhfZg^Z Print ^hdmf_gl ihkueZ_lky ih nZdkm klhev `_ e_]dh b [ukljh dZd b jZki_qZlu\Z_lky gZ ijbgl_j_

;eZ]h^Zjy fgh]haZ^Zqghklb Windows nZdk-ijh]jZffu ^ey wlhc kbkl_fu ]hjZa^h m^h[g__ _s_ b l_f qlh iha\heyxl aZgbfZlvky hlijZ\dhc b ihemq_gb_f nZdkh\ h^gh\j_f_ggh k ^jm]hc jZ[hlhc AZdZaZ\ jZkkuedm nZdkZ ih kibkdm l_e_nhgh\ \u fh`_l_ kihdhcgh aZgylvky q_f-gb[m^v ^jm]bf \j_fy hl \j_f_gb i_j_dexqZykv \ nZdk-ijh]jZffm b ijh\_jyy dZd ijh^\b]Zxlky ^_eZ

?klv ijZ\^Z m \k_o nZdk-ijh]jZff b h^bg djmiguc g_^hklZlhd

— ihemq_gguc nZdk g_ lZd-lh ijhklh i_j_\_klb \ l_dklh\uc nhjfZl ?keb \u ohlbl_ g_ ijhklh jZki_qZlZlv ihemq_ggh_ ibkvfh Z ij_\jZlblv _]h \ l_dkl k dhlhjuf aZl_f fh`gh [m^_l jZ[hlZlv \ l_dklh\hf j_^Zdlhj_ lh \Zf g_ h[hclbkv [_a ki_pbZevghc ijh]jZffu hilbq_kdh]h jZkihagZ\Zgby kbf\heh\ optical character recognition, OCR LZdb_ ijh]jZffu ijbf_ju — Cunei Form, FineReader \ hkgh\ghf ijbf_gyxlky \f_kl_ kh kdZg_jhf ^ey \\h^Z \ dhfivxl_j fZrbghibkgh]h beb dgb`gh]h l_dklZ

Lh qlh dZ`_lky ijhkluf q_eh\_dm — ij_\jZs_gb_ ]jZnbq_kdh]h h[jZaZ kljZgbpu \ l_dkl lh _klv ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv kbf\heh\ — ^ey dhfivxl_jZ y\ey_lky \_kvfZ g_ljb\bZevghc aZ^Zq_c Ihwlhfm kms_kl\mxsb_2&5-ijh]jZffu ihdZ _s_ ^Ze_db hl kh\_jr_gkl\Z — kdhjhklv b [_ahrb[hqghklv bo jZ[hlu g_j_^dh \uau\Zxl gZj_dZgby L_f g_ f_g__ _keb \u ihemqZ_l_ h]jhfgh_ dhebq_kl\h nZdkh\ b g_ ohlbl_ gZgbfZlv fZrbgbkldm qlh[u gZ[b\Zlv bo \ dhfivxl_j \Zf klhbl ih^mfZlv h ijbh[j_l_gbb2&5-ijh]jZffu G_dhlhju_ ba nZdkijh]jZff \ qZklghklb WinFax h dhlhjhc fu [m^_f ]h\hjblv gZ klj

bf_xl \ k\h_f khklZ\_ 2&5-fh^meb — h^gZdh kj_^b gbo \jy^ eb _klv mf_xsb_ jZ[hlZlv k jmkkdbf yaudhf lZd qlh ^ey jZkihagZ\Zgby jmkkdbo l_dklh\ \Zf kdhj__ \k_]h ijb^_lky ihdmiZlv hl^_evgmx ijh]jZffm

V