Identifying symbols of the ukrainian nation

(READ AND TRANSLATE THE TEXT)

Flag

The Ukrainian flag consists of two horizontal fields: blue and yellow. Blue colour symbolizes the peaceful blue sky and yellow one - ripened wheat, as the symbol of welfare of our nation. The combination of the blue and yellow colours dates back to pre-Christian times. They predominated on the flags of the Kyivan Rus and were prominent during the Cossack age.

Emblem. Trident

The national emblem of Ukraine is a golden trident on an azure background. There are over 40 theories dealing with the origin and meaning of the Ukrainian Trident (tryzub). For example, some writers claim it derived from the anchor of a ship to represent an anagram of Prince Volodymyr or a bird diving down.

Another theory - it derives from three spears of the sea god -Poseidon.

Anyway, the most probable cultural link is with the Byzantine Empire, in 985 the trident was adopted as the symbol of Kyiv dynasty, the royal family by Volodymyr the Great. That year Volodymyr probably minted his first coins and decorated them with the trident symbol. In 988 he officially adopted Christianity and since that time it has symbolized the Holy Trinity.

Tridents and bidents are found on many objects of that period: coins, stones, rings and bricks of significant buildings (palaces, castles, cathedrals etc).

In the period between 1100 and 1175 there seems to be no memory of the trident. It was lost to Ukraine for over 700 years until Professor Mykhaylo Hrushevsky proposed it in 1918 as the modern coat of arms.

In 1992 after the restoration of Ukrainian independence, the Supreme Council of Ukraine accepted the trident as the main element of the official emblem of our state.

Anthem

The Ukrainian anthem “Shche ne vmerla Ukraina” (“Ukraine Has Not Perished Yet”) is of quite recent origin. In the central and eastern Ukrainian lands the “Testament” by T.G.Shevchenko was used many years as a national anthem at manifestations and demonstrations.

In 1863 the Lviv journal “Meta” (“Goal”) published the poem of Paul Chubinskyi “Shche ne vmerla Ukraina”, which was mistakenly ascribed to T.Shevchenko. In the same year it was set to music by Galician composer Michael Verbytskyi (1815 - 1870). In 1917 this song was officially adopted as the anthem of the Ukrainian state.

Plant-symbols

As the proverb says: “Without Verba and Kalyna there is no Ukraine”. The symbol of “Kalyna” (snowball tree) is associated with the rebirth, the Universe. It takes its name from the old name of the Sun - Kolo. The berries of kalyna are red and they symbolize blood and immortality.

Theme 3:

1. Economic and geographical position

Economic and geographic location (EGL) is a position some of the geographical object relative to other objects that have economic significance for it (transportation routes, state boundaries, settlements, sources of raw materials and energy). This concept was introduced in science by N.N. Baranskii.

Ukraine is State of Central and Eastern Europe. Its area is 603.7 km2, and population is46.83 million. (On 01.04.2006).

The area of ​​Ukraine has not changed since 1954, and since 1991 years. After the declaration of independence, there was a refinement of the terrain of the state border of Ukraine with the countries of the CIS (Russia, Moldova, Belarus).

The boundaries of the state are lines that define the boundaries of the territory of the state, established by agreement between neighboring states. They are divided into land and water.

Maritime boundaries of the state separate the territorial waters of the State from the high seas or territorial waters of other countries.

Boundary line marked on a map.

The land border of Ukraine is 5740 miles, Maritime is 1960 km. Total border length is 7700 km. Ukraine is bounded on the south by the Black and Azov Seas through the Bosphorus and Dardanelles has access to the Mediterranean Sea. Dense railway network, oil and gas pipelines linking Ukraine with Russia, Kazakhstan and the countries of Asia and the Caucasus. It provides certain economic benefits (transit cargo). Along the river Danube Ukraine implements foreign economic relations with the countries of Central Europe. The Carpathians not hinder the development of roads.

The countries with which Ukraine has borders on land

Ukraine has a favorable EGP, however, the country's dependence on energy supplies from Russia affect him negatively.