24.3 General purpose

Practice

1. Suggest what each of these organisations is for. Use the expressions below:

The purpose of ....................... is to

............exists in order to ..............

............is concerned with ................ –ing .............

2. What do you think each organisation does to achieve its aims ?

Work in pairs.

Student A: You are a spokesman for one of the organisations above (or for another

organisation you know well). Answer student B’s questions.

Student В: You are a journalist. Interview student A about the purpose of his/her organisation, and what it does.

Writing

Write a paragraph about the organisation you discussed.

24.4 Causes and results

Presentation

You will hear someone talking about conflict between teenagers and the law. Listen to the tape and answer the questions.

1 a) According to the speaker, what is the main cause of teenagers coming into conflict with the law ?

b) What exactly does he say ?

2. What exactly does he say using:

1. because of

2. makes

3. as a result

4. lead to

3. What kind of ‘trouble’ do you think the speaker means ?

Practice

Work in groups.

Which of the things below do you think are significant causes of conflict between teenagers and the law? Explain how they contribute to the problem.

parents the police

school TV and films

the urban environment

Writing

Choose two of the topics, and write two paragraphs based on your discussion.

24.5 Explanations quiz Free practice

1. What is the purpose of: a) Amnesty International? b) the AA? c) Oxfam? 2. What causes: a) earthquakes? b) tides?

3 How did the Titanic sink ? 4. Why did: a) Thor Heyerdal sail from South America to Polynesia? b) President Nixon resign ? 5. Why do: a) birds migrate? b) giraffes have long necks ?

Now think of three ‘explanations’ questions of your own.

24.6 Not what you’d expect Presentation and practice

He looked very scruffy, but he still got the job.

A	Although Even though	he looked very scruffy, he got the job.
В	In spite of Despite	the fact that he looked scruffy, he got the job.
С	In spite of Despite	his scruffy appearance, he got the job.

Change the sentences below in the same way, (a) with although/even though (b) with in spite of/despite.

1. She was 85 years old, but she still lived a very active life.

2. Video machines are expensive, but lots of people are buying them.

3. Her parents objected, but she still insisted on getting married.

4. Beethoven was deaf, but he continued composing until his death.

5. The acoustics in the hall are poor, but it is still regularly used for concerts.

6. We’ve known each other for a long time, but we still call each other by our surnames.

7. Hammerfest is a long way north of the Arctic Circle, but the sea never freezes there.