Transitional Phrases

Transitional words and phrases keep the reader “on track.” They keep the reader understand the relationship between one idea or statement and subsequent ones.

               

1. Adding  ideas: besides for example (e.g.) for instance furthermore in addition in fact indeed likewise moreover once more similarly that is (i.e.) then, too 2. As expected: as a matter of fact for that matter it follows that naturally obviously of course surely to be sure 3. Cause and effect: accordingly and so and that’s why as a consequence as a result as might be expected consequently for this reason hence since then therefore thus 4. Contrast: at the same time conversely despite however in spite of nevertheless nonetheless notwithstanding not at all on the contrary on the other hand still unlike yet 5. Concession: although but of course certainly doubtless granted that of course though to be sure to doubt that whereas

6. Degrees of certainty: anyhow anyway certainly doubtless in all likelihood in all probability in any case indeed perhaps possibly probably surely 7. Qualification: especially frequently if in case in general in particular inasmuch lest occasionally particularly provided that specifically unless 8. Repetition: as noted as noted earlier as we have seen besides in any case in fact in other words indeed to put it another way to repeat 9. Summary: all in all finally in a word in brief in conclusion in short in summary in summation on the whole therefore to conclude to make a long story short to sum it up to summarize

 

What are Phrasal Verbs and Prepositional Verbs

A phrasal verb is a complex verb consisting of a simple verb and an adverb particle. Examples are: make up, turn on, put away, take off, fill up, run over, take in and do up. Note that phrasal verbs are different from prepositional verbs. A prepositional verb consists of a verb and a preposition. Examples are: call on, care for and insist on.

Phrasal verb and prepositional verb: differences

A prepositional verb differs from a phrasal verb in many ways.

1)    The particle in a phrasal verb is always stressed, but the preposition in a prepositional verb is not stressed.

2)    Phrasal verbs are separable. That is the particle in a phrasal verb can be moved to the end. Prepositional verbs, on the other hand, are inseparable.

They called up the teacher OR They called the teacher up. (The particle up in the phrasal verb call up can be moved to the end.)

I picked John up. OR I picked up John.

He filled the glass up. OR He filled up the glass.

She turned the lights on. OR She turned on the lights.

The preposition in a prepositional verb cannot be moved to the end.

We called on the teacher. (BUT NOT We called the teacher on.) We called on them. BUT NOT We called them on.

3)    You cannot put an adverb between the verb and the particle of a phrasal verb, but you can put an adverb between the verb and the preposition of a prepositional verb.

We called early on the doctor. BUT NOT We called early up the doctor.

The adverb early can come between the verb called and the preposition on in the prepositional verb called on. But it cannot come between called and up.

When to separate a phrasal verb?

A Phrasal verb can remain together when its object is a noun or noun phrase. Note that phrasal verbs must be separated when the object is a pronoun.

We called them up. BUT NOT We called up them. (Here the object of the phrasal verb is a pronoun.)