Дидактическая единица 2 Морфемная и категориальная структуры слова

2.1. Морфологический уровень языка. Слово и морфема

I: {{28}} ТЗ 2.1.1; К = A; Т = 40;

S: The word, as different from the morpheme, is a … unit of language.

+: nominative

-: one-facet

-: two-axis

-: one-axis

I: {{29}} ТЗ 2.1.2; К = A; Т = 40;

S: Words as units of morphology are … .

+: bilateral

-: unilateral

-: trilingual

-: bipartite

I: {{30}} ТЗ 2.1.3; К = A; Т = 40;

S: We disregard the lexical meaning of a word but concentrate our attention on the kind of grammatical information it gives when we speak of a word as a … .

+: grammeme

-: lexeme

-: tagmeme

-: proposeme

2.2. Традиционная классификация морфем, основанная на позиционном и функциональном критериях

I: {{31}} ТЗ 2.2.1; К = C; Т = 80;

Q: Arrangement of the elements in the order suggested by the text:

S: The term … may be taken in a wide sense, and applied to any … coming after the root morpheme, whether it is derivative or … , or may be taken in a narrow sense, and applied to … post-root morphemes only.

1: suffix

2: morpheme

3: inflectional

4: derivational

I: {{32}} ТЗ 2.2.2; К = C; Т = 80;

S: The term “ … ” (or “ending”) may be applied to any morpheme serving to derive a … of a word and having no lexical meaning, or to morphemes expressing … and number in nominal parts of speech, and … and number in verbs.

1: inflection

2: form

3: case

4: person

I: {{33}} ТЗ 2.2.3; К = B; Т = 60;

Q: The correct completion of the statement is:

S: Suffixes are either inflectional or ###.

+: derivational

+: word-building

I: {{34}} ТЗ 2.2.4; К = A; Т = 40;

Q: The right answer is:

S: The grammatical meaning of an inflectional morpheme is purely … .

+: relational

-: extralinguistic

-: symbolic

-: representative

I: {{35}} ТЗ 2.2.5; К = A; Т = 40;

Q: The correct completion of the set is:

S: Inflectional morphemes form morphological sets, e.g.

eat – eats – ate – eating - ###.

+: eaten

I: {{36}} ТЗ 2.2.6; К = A; Т = 50;

Q: The right answer is:

S: Outing is a … word.

+: two-morpheme

-: root

-: composite

-: borrowed

I: {{37}} ТЗ 2.2.7; К = C; Т = 80;

Q: Arrangement of the elements:

S: The abstract complete morphemic model of the common English word is…

1: prefix

2: root

3: lexical suffix

4: grammatical suffix

2.3. Алло-эмическая теория. Дистрибутивный анализ. Три основных типа дистрибуции

I: {{38}} ТЗ 2.3.1; К = B; Т = 60;

Q: The correct completion of the statement is:

S: The total of all environments in which a language unit occurs is called its ###/

+: distribution

I: {{39}} ТЗ 2.3.2; К = B; Т = 60;

S: A group of allomorphs that are semantically similar and in complementary distribution is called a ###.

+: morpheme

I: {{40}} ТЗ 2.3.3; К = C; Т = 80;

Q: The phonemic environment in which the allomorphs of the plural morpheme occur:

S:

L1: [-z]

L2: [-s]

L3: [-iz]

R1: after vowels and voiced consonants

R2: after voiceless consonants

R3: after sibilants

R4: after any consonant

I: {{41}} ТЗ 2.3.4; К = A; Т = 40;

Q: The right answer is:

S: The plural allomorph –en in oxen, children stands in morphemic … distribution with the other allomorphs of the plural morpheme.

+: complementary

-: contrastive

-: non-contrastive

-: similar

2.4. Дистрибутивные типы морфем

I: {{42}} ТЗ 2.4.1; К = C; Т = 80;

S: Arrangement of the morpheme types in pairs of immediate correlation:

L1: free

L2: overt

L3: segmental

L4: additive

R1: bound

R2: covert

R3: suprasegmental

R4: replacive

R5: discontinuous

I: {{43}} ТЗ 2.4.2; К = A; Т = 40;

Q: The right answer is:

S: Free and bound morphemes are distinguished on the basis of …

+: the degree of self-dependence

-: formal presentation

-: segmental relation

-: grammatical alternation

I: {{44}} ТЗ 2.4.3; К = A; Т = 40;

S: The root conceiv- in “inconceivable” is …

+: bound

+: overt

-: discontinuous

-: replacive

-: suprasegmental

I: {{45}} ТЗ 2.4.4; К = A; Т = 40;

S: The root explic- in “inexplicable” is …

+: segmental

+: continuous

-: covert

-: free

-: discontinuous

I: {{46}} ТЗ 2.4.5; К = A; Т = 40;

S: The suffix –ish in “outlandish” is …

+: bound

+: overt

-: supra-segmental

-: discontinuous

-: replacive

I: {{47}} ТЗ 2.4.6; К = A; Т = 40;

S: The morpheme was … -ing in “ was writing” is …

+: segmental

+: discontinuous

-: covert

-: continuous

-: replacive

I: {{48}} ТЗ 2.4.7; К = A; Т = 40;

S: Zero-morphemes are connected with the … .

+: meaningful absence of morpheme

-: lack of meaningful morphemes

-: lack of space

-: absence of meaning

2.5. Основные понятия, связанные с анализом категориальной структуры слова: грамматическая категория, грамматическое значение, грамматическая форма, оппозиция, парадигма

I: {{49}} ТЗ 2.5.1; К = C; Т = 80;

Q: Arrangement of the elements in the order suggested by the text:

S: The grammatical … is not confined to an individual …, but unites a whole … of words, so that each word of the class expresses the corresponding grammatical … together with its individual, concrete semantics.

1: form

2: word

3: class

4: meaning

I: {{50}} ТЗ 2.5.2; К = C; Т = 80;

S: The most general meanings rendered by … and expressed by systemic … of word-forms are interpreted in … as categorial grammatical … .

1: language

2: correlations

3: linguistics

4: meanings

I: {{51}} ТЗ 2.5.3; К = C; Т = 80;

S: The grammatical … itself presents, the same as the grammatical “ … “, a unity of form and … and constitutes a certain signemic … .

1: category

2: form

3: meaning

4: system

I: {{52}} ТЗ 2.5.4; К = C; Т = 80;

S: More specifically, the grammatical … is a system of expressing a generalized grammatical … by means of paradigmatic … of grammatical … .

1: category

2: meaning

3: correlation

4: forms

2.6.Теория оппозиций. Типы оппозиций. Оппозиции в грамматике

I: {{53}} ТЗ 2.6.1; К = C; Т = 80;

Q: Arrangement of the elements in the order suggested by the text:

S: The … (in the linguistic sense) may be defined as a generalized … of lingual … by means of which a certain … is expressed.

1: opposition

2: correlation

3: forms

4: function

I: {{54}} ТЗ 2.6.2; К = B; Т = 60;

Q: The correct completion of the statement is:

S: The qualitative opposition of the type “bright – brighter – brightest” can be called ###.

+: gradual

I: {{55}} ТЗ 2.6.3; К = A; Т = 40;

Q: The right answer is:

S: An example of a(n) … opposition can be seen in the correlation of the person forms of the verb be: am – are – is.

+: equipollent

-: binary

-: privative

-: quaternary

I: {{56}} ТЗ 2.6.4; К = A; Т = 40;

S: The opposition of the type “goose – geese” can be characterized by the number of members contrasted as ...

+: binary

-: ternary

-: quaternary

-: quinary

I: {{57}} ТЗ 2.6.5; К = B; Т = 60;

Q: The correct completion of the statement is:

S: The quantitative opposition of the type “play – played” can be called ###.

+: binary

I: {{58}} ТЗ 2.6.6; К = B; Т = 60;

S: The opposition of the type “intelligent – more intelligent – the most intelligent” can be characterized by the number of members contrasted as ### .

+: ternary

I: {{59}} ТЗ 2.6.7; К= A; Т =40;

Q: The right answer is:

S: The member of the binary privative opposition in which the differential feature is present is called … .

+: marked

+: strong

+: positive

-: weak

-: unmarked

-: negative

I: {{60}} ТЗ 2.6.8; К= B; Т = 60;

Q: The correct completion of the statement is:

S: The initial paradigmatic form of each opposition in the oppositional correlations of such forms as boy-boys; go-goes; work-worked; small-smaller is distinguished by a ### suffix.

+: zero

I: {{61}} ТЗ 2.6.9; K = B; Т = 60;

S: The position of neutralization is, as a rule, filled in by the ### member of the opposition due to its more general semantics.

+: weak

+: negative

+: unmarked

2.7. Способы образования форм слова

I: {{62}} ТЗ 2.7.1; К = B; Т = 60;

Q: The correct completion of the statement is:

S: The type of word-form derivation when a word (devoid of any lexical meaning of its own) is used to express some grammatical category of another word is called ###.

+: analytic#$#

I: {{63}} ТЗ 2.7.2; К = B; Т = 60;

S: The grammatical forms of the type “computer-s, perform-s, work-ed, young-er, struggl-ing” are ###.

+: synthetic#$#

I: {{64}} ТЗ 2.7.3; К = A; Т = 40;

Q: The right answer is:

S: The way of expressing grammatical categories called sound alternations consists in changing a sound inside the … .

+: root

-: word

-: prefix

-: ending

I: {{65}} ТЗ 2.7.4; К = B; Т = 60;

Q: The correct completion of the statement is:

S: By a ### formation we mean building a grammatical form of a word from an altogether different stem.

+: suppletive

I: {{66}} ТЗ 2.7.5; К = A; Т = 40;

Q: The right answer is:

S: Structurally, analytical forms are word combinations, functionally they are equivalent to … .

+: words

-: morphemes

-: phonemes

-: suffixes

2.8. Грамматический аспект словообразования в английском языке

I: {{67}} ТЗ 2.8.1; К = C; Т = 80;

Q: Arrangement of the elements in the order suggested by the text:

S: A … cannot be taken as a certain … of the word being a(n) … , because it may also make part of a word belonging to another … of speech.

1: suffix

2: proof

3: adjective

4: part

2.9. Имманентные и «наведенные» грамматические категории

I: {{68}} ТЗ 2.9.1; К = A; Т = 40;

Q: The right answer is:

S: The … is a reflective category, i.e. one of a secondary, derivative semantic value.

+: verbal number

-: tense of the verb

-: comparison of the adjective

-: substantive number