Дидактическая единица 5 Предложение

5.1. Определение предложения. Предикативность и другие свойства предложения

I: {{186}} ТЗ 5.1.1; К = B; Т = 60;

Q: The correct completion of the statement is:

S: The immediate integral unit of speech built up of words according to a definite syntactic pattern and distinguished by a contextually relevant communicative purpose is called a ### .

+: sentence

I: {{187}} ТЗ 5.1.2; К = B; Т = 60;

S: The predicative connection of words, uniting the ### and the predicate, builds up the basis of the sentence.

+: subject

I: {{188}} ТЗ 5.1.3; К = A; Т = 40;

Q: The right answer is:

S: The sentence is a … .

+: predicative utterance unit

+: unit of communication

-: component element of the word-stock

-: supra-sentential construction

-: morphological unit

I: {{189}} ТЗ 5.1.4; К = A; Т = 40;

S: The essence of … consists in establishing the relationship between the content of the sentence and reality.

+: predication

-: transformation

-: presupposition

-: nomination

-: transposition

I: {{190}} ТЗ 5.1.5; К = B; Т = 60;

S: Predication is realized in the grammatical categories of … .

+: person

+: tense

+: objective modality

-: voice

-: degrees of comparison

-: number

-: case

5.2. Конструктивный анализ предложения

I: {191}} ТЗ 5.2.1; К = C; Т = 80;

Q: Arrangement of the elements in the order suggested by the text:

S: The … sentence is built up by … predicative line, while the … sentence is built up by… or more predicative lines.

1: simple

2: one

3: composite

4: two

I: {{192}} ТЗ 5.2.2; К = A; Т = 40;

Q: The right answer is:

S: The ability of constituents to bind other constituents is called … .

+: valence

-: valuation

-: involvement

-: influence

I: {{193}} ТЗ 5.2.3; К = A; Т = 40;

S: A monopredicative sentence which includes, besides obligatory parts, also some optional parts is a(n) … .

+: expanded simple sentence

-: elementary sentence

-: unexpanded simple sentence

-: composite

I: {{194}} ТЗ 5.2.4; К = A; Т = 40;

S: One-member sentences are typical of … languages.

+: inflected

-: analytical

-: agglutinative

-: isolating

I: {{195}} ТЗ 5.2.5; К = A; Т = 40;

S: The particle to in the sentence “I could not find him though I wanted to” may be said to … the infinitive and the noun or pronoun denoting the object of the action.

+: represent

-: substitute for

-: define

-: characterize

5.3. Члены предложения как базисные синтаксические единицы

I: {{196}} ТЗ 5.3.1; К = B; Т = 60;

Q: The correct completion of the statement is:

S: The part of the sentence representing the nominal component of predication is called the ###.

+: subject

I: {{197}} ТЗ 5.3.2; К = B; Т = 60;

S: The part of the sentence representing the verbal component of predication is called the ###.

+: predicate

I: {{198}} ТЗ 5.3.3; К = B; Т = 60;

S: The ### is defined as a secondary part of the sentence that modifies the verbal component of predication, denoting the person or thing to which the action of the verb passes on.

+: object

I: {{199}} ТЗ 5.3.4; К = B; Т = 60;

S: The ### is a secondary part of the sentence modifying the nominal component of predication or some substantival element in the verbal component of predication.

+: attribute

I: {{200}} ТЗ 5.3.5; К = B; Т = 60;

Q: The right answer is:

S: The representatives of the American linguistic school have made the notion of syntactic function more precise by identifying it with a(n) … in the sentence.

+: fixed position

-: response utterance

-: dependent clause

-: attention-getting signal

I: {{201}} ТЗ 5.3.6; К = A; Т = 40;

S: The structural type of subject in “How the disease started is one of medicine’s greatest mysteries” is … .

+: clausal

-: simple

-: complex

-: logical

I: {{202}} ТЗ 5.3.7; К = A; Т = 40;

S: The syntactic function of “a doctor” in “She is a doctor” is a … .

+: predicative

-: adverbial

-: attribute

-: object

5.3.1. Порядок слов

I: {{203}} ТЗ 5.3.8; К = A; Т = 40;

S: Word order as an element of grammatical form is laden with its own meaningful … .

+: functions

-: emphasis

-: positions

-: regularities

I: {{204}} ТЗ 5.3.9; К = A; Т = 50;

S: The main functions of word order in English are … .

+: communicative

+: grammatical

-: metalinguistic

-: referential

-: existential

I: {{205}} ТЗ 5.3.10; К = C; Т = 80;

Q: Arrangement of the elements in the order suggested by the text:

S: Full … is most often found with an … place or time adverbial, a short intransitive or copular … , and a long subject that introduces new … .

1: inversion

2: initial

3: verb

4: information

I: {{206}} ТЗ 5.3.11; К = B; Т = 50;

Q: The right answer is:

S: Partial inversion is observed in … .

+: Only in Paris can you buy shoes like that

+: Silently and patiently did the doctor bear all this

-: In came the conductor

-: Inside was a large brown envelope

5.4. Модели предложения

I: {{207}} ТЗ 5.4.1; К = A; Т = 40;

S: The traditional scheme of sentence parsing distinctly exposes the subordination ranks of the parts of the sentence but fails to present their genuine … in speech.

+: linear order

-: notional position

-: modifying role

-: predicative complexity

I: {{208}} ТЗ 5.4.2; К = A; Т = 40;

S: The … model represents the sentence not as a linear sequence of words but as a hierarchy of two-part constructions on a series of levels.

+: immediate constituents

-: distributional

-: transformational

-: parts of the sentence

I: {{209}} ТЗ 5.4.3; К = A; Т = 40;

S: The terms “derivation tree diagram”, “the analytical diagram” are related to the … .

+: model of immediate constituents

-: distributional model

-: model of parts of the sentence

-: transformational model

I: {{210}} ТЗ 5.4.4; К = B; Т =60;

S: Sentences “John is eager to please” and “John is easy to please” are units … .

+: structurally identical but semantically different

-: semantically identical but structurally different

-: structurally and semantically identical

-: structurally and semantically different

I: {{211}} ТЗ 5.4.5; К = A; Т = 50;

S: Transformational analysis begins with the assumption that certain sentences are … and other sentences are derived from them by means of transformational rules.

+: basic

+: kernel

-: simple

-: embedded

-: cleft

I: {{212}} ТЗ 5.4.6; К = A; Т = 40;

S: The purpose of … grammar is to show how different sentences are derived from a few kernel sentences.

+: transformational

-: textual

-: pragmatically orientated

-: semantically orientated

5.5. Аспекты синтаксической семантики

I: {{213}} ТЗ 5.5.1; К = B; Т = 60;

S: The statement “The combination of arguments with the predicator constitutes a semantic model of the situation” is related to … syntax.

+: semantic

-: communicative

-: pragmatic

-: formal

I: {{214}} ТЗ 5.5.2; К = C; Т = 80;

Q: Arrangement of the elements in the order suggested by the text:

S: The … structure of a sentence consists of a … and one or more noun …, each associated with the verb in a particular syntactic-semantic … .

1: deep

2: verb

3: phrases

4: relationship

I: {{215}} ТЗ 5.5.3; К = B; Т = 60;

Q: The right answer is:

S: The case of the typically animate instigator of the action indicated by the verb is called … .

+: agentive

-: instrumental

-: dative

-: factitive

I: {{216}} ТЗ 5.5.4; К = C; Т = 80;

S: The semantic role performed by the subject in the sentence “Chicago is windy” is called … .

+: locative

-: temporal

-: an agent

-: eventive

I: {{217}} ТЗ 5.5.5; К = C; Т = 80;

S: The verb in the sentence “The wood dried” indicates a(n) … .

+: process

-: state

-: action

-: option

I: {{218}} ТЗ 5.5.6; К = B; Т = 80;

S: The noun “Tom” in the sentence “Tom has a car” is specified as … .

+: beneficiary

-: instrument

-: experiencer

-: agentive

5.6. Понятие о прагматическом синтаксисе

I: {{219}} ТЗ 5.6.1; К = B; Т = 60;

S: Ways of expressing different purposes of communication of the speaker, i.e. his “communicative intentions” are studied by a new branch of linguistics called .. .

+: pragmalinguistics

-: applied linguistics

-: contrastive

-: descriptive

I: {{220}} ТЗ 5.6.2; К = C; Т = 80;

S: The pragmatic type of the sentence “Passengers are requested to stop smoking” is … .

+: directive

-: constative

-: commissive

-: performative

I: {{221}} ТЗ 5.6.3; К = C; Т = 70;

S: The utterance … is a performative one.

+: I declare the conference open.

-: I declared the conference open.

-: He declares the conference open.

-: He will declare the conference open.

5.7.1. Коммуникативный синтаксис. Актуальное членение предложения. Тема. Рема

I: {{222}} ТЗ 5.7.1; К = B; Т = 60;

Q: The correct completion of the sentence is:

S: The main components of the actual division of the sentence are the theme and the ###.

+: rheme

I: {{223}} ТЗ 5.7.2; К =B; Т = 60;

Q: The right answer is:

S: Between the theme and the rheme are positioned intermediary parts of the actual division of various degrees of informative value sometimes called “…”.

+: transition

-: mediator

-: negotiator

-: go-between

I: {{224}} ТЗ 5.7.3; К = C; Т = 80;

Q: Arrangement of the elements in the order suggested by the text:

S: The … of the actual … of the sentence may or may not coincide with the subject of the …; the rheme of the actual division may or may not coincide with the … of the sentence.

1: theme

2: division

3: sentence

4: predicate

I: {{225}} ТЗ 5.7.4; К = C; Т = 80;

S: A … sentence immediately expresses a proposition; its actual division … has a complete form, its … making up the centre of some … .

1: declarative

2: pattern

3: rheme

4: statement

I: {{226}} ТЗ 5.7.5; К = C; Т = 80;

S: An … sentence does not directly express a proposition; its rheme represents the informative … not of an explicit proposition, but of an … in which the thematic …is usually zeroed.

1: imperative

2: nucleus

3: inducement

4: subject

I: {{227}} ТЗ 5.7.6; К = C; Т = 80;

S: The differential … of the actual division pattern of an … sentence is determined by the fact that its … is informationally open because this type of sentence expresses an … about some information.

1: feature

2: interrogative

3: rheme

4: inquiry

I: {{228}} ТЗ 5.7.7; К = C; Т = 80;

S:

Q: Correlation of the synonymous elements:

L1: functional sentence perspective

L2: grammatical division

L3: theme

L4: rheme

R1: actual division of the sentence

R2: syntactic division

R3: that which is known in the given situation

R4: that which conveys a new piece of information

R5: surface structure

R6: deep structure

5.7.2. Языковые средства тема-рематической организации предложения

I: {{229}} ТЗ 5.7.8; К = B; Т = 60;

Q: The right answer is:

S: The language means of realizing the communicative task of the sentence are … .

+: word order

+: articles

+: intensifying words

-: temporal phrases

-: mid-position

-: modal analogues

I: {{230}} ТЗ 5.7.9; К = B; Т = 60;

S: To rhematize the subject grammatically fixed in the thematic initial position, English resorts to … .

+: construction with the introductory there

+: construction with the introductory it

+: passive construction

-: semi-predictive construction

-: potentially predicative construction

-: modular construction

I: {{231}} ТЗ 5.7.10; К =C; Т = 80;

S: The underlined parts of the sentence indicate the rheme in … .

+: You are quite right.

+: The door was opened by a Chinese girl.

-: The man walked up and down the platform.

-: Father gone.

-: It was Janet’s house that he considered his home.

5.8. Классификация предложений по цели высказывания

I: {{232}} ТЗ 5.8.1; К = B; Т = 60;

S: The classification of sentences according to the purpose of communication distinguishes three cardinal sentence-types: the declarative sentence, the interrogative sentence, and the ### sentence.

+: imperative

+: inductive

I: {{233}} ТЗ 5.8.2; К = B; Т = 60;

Q: The right answer is:

S: Sentences of the type “Oh, for God’s sake!”, “Good Lord!”, “Oh, I say!” and the like are …

+: mere signals of emotions

-: grammatically predicated sentences

-: signals of proposemically complete thoughts

-: a cardinal communicative sentence-type

I: {{234}} ТЗ 5.8.3; К = C; Т = 80;

Q: Arrangement of the definitions and the terms they refer to:

S:

L1: the sentence expresses a statement

L2: the sentence expresses inducement

L3: the sentence expresses a request for information

R1: declarative

R2: imperative

R3: interrogative

R4: exclamatory

I: {{235}} ТЗ 5.8.4; К = C; Т = 80;

Q: Arrangement of the elements in the order suggested by the text:

S: Imperative sentences … abrupt and therefore are often toned down in their effect by … of politeness, by employing rising … or by couching it in question … , or by the tags ‘will you”, “won’t you”.

1: sound

2: markers

3: intonation

4: form

I: {{236}} ТЗ 5.8.5; К = B; Т = 60;

Q: The right answer is:

S: The exclamation “Who knows!” has the structure of a(n) … .

+: interrogative sentence

-: imperative sentence

-: declarative sentence

-: rhetorical question

I: {{237}} ТЗ 5.8.6; К = A; Т = 50;

S: The central role among the linguistic means of expressing negation is played by the negative … .

+: not

-: no

-: never

-: hardly

5.9. Парадигматика предложения

I: {{238}} ТЗ 5.9.1; К = B; Т = 60;

S: The fundamental aim in the linguistic analysis of a language is to find a set of transformational … by which all the grammatical, and only grammatical, sentences of a language can be generated.

+: rules

-: formations

-: changes

-: substitutions

I: {{239}} ТЗ 5.9.2; К = C; Т = 80;

S: The principal sentence elements or syntactic units of transformational generative grammar are the phrasal units – the … , which are conventionalized symbols standing for single words, word groups and clauses in the subject and predicate position.

+: Noun Phrase and the Verb Phrase

-: Verb Phrase and the Adverbial Phrase

-: Noun Phrase and the Adjectival Phrase

-: Noun Phrase and the Prepositional Phrase

I: {{240}} ТЗ 5.9.3; К = A; Т = 40;

S: The product of a transformation is a … .

+: transform

-: rule

-: set

-: kernel

I: {{241}} ТЗ 5.9.4; К = C ; Т = 80;

S: Sentence … has one syntactic structure and two semantic structures.

+: The greeting of the boys was loud.

-: The shouting of the boys was loud.

-: The singing of the boys was loud.

-: The acting of the boys was loud.

I: {{242}} ТЗ 5.9.5; К = C; Т = 80;

S: The sentence, interpreted as an element of paradigmatics, is transformed into the substantive phrase, or “…”, losing its processual-predicative character.

+: nominalized

-: clausalized

-: verbalized

-: generalized