- •1. Тексти для читання, перекладу та аналізу
- •1.1. Read and translate the text the internet
- •1.2. Read and translate the text
- •Internet and modern life
- •1.3. Read and translate the text microsoft company
- •1.4. Read and translate the text computer organization
- •1.5. Read and translate the text computer programming
- •1.6. Read and translate the text the minicomputer as a control component
- •1.7. Read and translate the text programs and algorithms
- •1.8. Read and translate the text. Digital Computer Principles Binary Numbers
- •1.9. Read and translate the text central processing unit (cpu)
- •1. Complete the following sentences using the words and expressions given below
- •2. Fill in the prepositions if necessary
- •3. Answer the following questions
- •4. Read the text
- •1.10. Read and translate the text
- •1. Complete the following sentences using words and
- •1.11. Read and translate the text cache memory
- •1. Match words from the text with their definitions.
- •2. Identify whether the following statements are true or false. Use the model:
- •3. Join the sentences with the proper variant in the right column.
- •4. Answer the following questions
- •5. Read the text
- •1.12. Read and translate the text flash memory device
- •1. Match words from the text with their definitions
- •2. Identify whether the following statements are true or false. Use the model:
- •3. Complete the following sentences using words and expressions given below.
- •4. Answer the following questions
- •5. Read the text
- •1.13. Read and translate the text definition of a hard disk
- •1. Identify whether the following sentences are true or false. Use the model:
- •2. Complete the following sentences using words and expressions given below.
- •1.14. Read and translate the text
- •Virtual reality
- •1. Complete the following sentences using words and expressions given below.
- •2. Fill in the prepositions if necessary.
- •3. Answer the questions.
- •1.15. Read and translate the text personal digital assistant (pda)
- •1. Complete the following sentences using words and expressions given below
- •2. Put the questions to the words in bold type
- •3. Answer the questions
- •1.16. Read and translate the text Programming Languages
- •1. Complete the following sentences using words and expressions given below
- •2. Fill in the prepositions if necessary
- •3. Answer the questions
- •4. Read the text
- •1.17. Read and translate the text fourth-generation languages
- •1. Complete the following sentences using words and expressions given below
- •2. Read and translate the text
- •3. Answer the questions.
- •1.18. Read and translate the text Multimedia
- •1. Complete the following sentences using words and expressions given below:
- •2. Answer the questions
- •3. Read and translate the text
- •2. English-Ukrainian Glossary
- •Література
1.17. Read and translate the text fourth-generation languages
The term fourth-generation language describes a variety of programming languages that are more nonprocedural and conversational than prior language. These languages are called fourth-generation languages (4GLs) to differentiate them from machine languages (first generation), assembler languages (second generation), and high-level languages (third generation).
Most fourth-generation languages are nonprocedural languages that encourage users and programmers to specify the result they want, while the computer determines the sequence of instructions that will accomplish those results. Users and programmers no longer have to spend a lot of time developing the sequence of instructions the computer must follow to achieve a result. Thus, fourth-generation languages have helped simplify the programming process. Whereas a fourth-generation language program must follow a specific set of rules and syntax, a natural program does not. A natural language, sometimes called a fifth-generation language, is a type of query language that allows the user to enter requests that resemble human speech. Research and development activity in artificial intelligence is developing programming languages that are as easy to use as ordinary conversation in one's native tongue.
Advantages and Disadvantages. There are major differences in the ease of use and technical sophistication of 4GL products. For instance, INTELLECT and English Wizard are examples of natural query languages that impose no rigid grammatical rule, while languages like SQL requires concise structured statements. However, the ease of use of 4GLs is gained at the expense of some loss in flexibility. It is frequently difficult for an end user to override some of the prespecified formats or procedures of 4GLs. In addition, the machine languages code generated by a program developed by a 4GL is frequently much less efficient (in terms of processing speed and amount of storage capacity needed) that a program written in a languages like COBOL. Major failures have occurred in some large transaction processing applications programmed in a 4GL. These applications were unable to provide reasonable response times when faced with a large amount of real-time transaction processing and end user inquiries. However, 4GLs have shown great success in business applications that do not have a high volume of transaction processing.
1. Complete the following sentences using words and expressions given below
The 4GLs are more ... and ... than prior ones.
The computer must follow the ... of instructions to ... a result.
4GLs simplified the process of... .
English Wizard is a natural query languages that imposes no ... grammatical rules.
The ease of use of 4GLs is gained at the expense of some loss in ... .
f) There can be some failures in transaction processing ... programmed in
4GLs.
g) 4GLs show great ... in business applications.
nonprocedural conversational success to achieve applications flexibility rigid the sequence programming