III. Answer the following questions:

1. When did the first electronic digital computer ap­pear?

2. When did vast improvement in the capabilities of computers take place?

3. What do today digital computers use as well as their predecessor?

4. What is a programme?

5. What do we call a real-time application?

6. What is a microcomputer?

IV. Find the following words in the dictionary, read andtranslate them:

Change-changing-changed-changeable-changeful

Apply-applying-applied-applicable-applicant

Do-doing-doer

Prepare-preparing-prepared-preparedness

Place-placing-placed-placement-placer

Measure-measured-measurement-measurer

V. Define the terms using the word-combinations in brackets:

a computer chip - (unit, single-electronic, of, composed, tens, tiny, of, thousands, subcompo­nents, or, electronic, hundreds).

an output device - (component, print out, that, com­puter, otherwise, for, information, the user, display or).

VI. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.Translate the sentences:

1. There are many basic concepts that can be …to all types of computers.

2. Computers can do operations with much greater speed and… .

3. Unlike most people a computer must be given a complete … that tells it exactly what to do at each step ofits operation.

4. These programmes are placed in the computer's memory unit in - form with each instruction hav­ing unique code.

5. They are often found in industrial … in industries such as paper mills, oil refineries and many others.

6. ... in present use range considerably: from tiny things to big fellows

7. A microcomputer usually consists of several ... ... chips.

LESSON 8

COMPUTER ELEMENTS

I. Read and memorize the following words and word-combinations:

industrial control system- система промислового управління

research laboratory- дослідницька лабораторія

although- не зважаючи на, хоча

fast- швидкий

possess- володіти

common- загальний

arise (arose, arisen)– виникати

to be (was, were; been) able to- могти, уміти

as a matter of fact- фактично, насправді

high-speed- високошвидкісний

decision- рішення

programmer- програміст

tospecify- точно визначати /

controlunit- блок контролю

outputunit- блок виводу

inputunit- блок вводу

totransferfrom- переносити з

binarydigit- число у двійковій системі обчислення

timingcircuit- схема синхронізації

togenerate- породжувати, виробляти

to execute- виконувати

I. Read and translate the following text:

Most of the computer principles and concepts are common to all categories of computers, although there can be tremendous variations from computer to com­puter.

A question sometimes arises whether computers are able to think. As a matter of fact they do not think. The computer programmer provides a programme of instructions and data which specifies every detail of what to do, how to do and when to do it. The computer is simply a high-speed machine which can manipulate data, solve problems and make decisions, all under the control of the program If the programmer makes a mistake in the program or puts in the wrong data, the computer will produce wrong result.

Every computer contains at least five essential elements or units: the arithmetic logic unit, the memory unit, the control unit, the input unit and the output unit.

The arithmetical logic unit is the area of the computer in which arithmetic and logic operations are performed on data.

The memory unit stores group of binary digits (words) that can represent instructions (program) which the computer is to perform and the data that are to be operated on by the program

The input unit consists of all the devices used to take information and data that are external to the com­puter and put it into the memory unit.

The output unit consists of the devices used to transfer data and information from the computer to the outside world.

The control unit directs the operation of all the other units by providing timing and control signals. This unit contains logic and timing circuits that generate the signal necessary to execute each, instruction in the pro­gram.

EXERCISES: -

I. Answer the questions:

1. What can you say about the computer principles and concepts?

2. Are computers able to think?

3. What, can computers do? ,

4. What five essential elements of every computer do you know?

5. What does the control unit do?

2. Define the terms using the word-combinations in brackets:

programming - (writing, is, programs, of, the process) control unit - (devices, execute, instructions, inter­pret, that)

3. Translate the sentences:

1. Більшість комп'ютерних принципів та концепцій е загальними для всіх категорій комп'ютерів.

2. Програміст надає програму та дані, які точно визначають кожну деталь, що, як і коли робити.

3. Комп'ютер це високошвидкісна машина, яка може маніпулювати даними, розв'язувати проблеми, вирішувати все під контролем програми.

4. Кожен комп'ютер містить в собі принаймні 5 необхідних елементів або блоків: арифметичний логічний блок, блок пам'яті, блок контролю, блок вводу-виводу.

5. Якщо програміст зробить помилку в програмі івведе не ті дані, комп'ютер дасть помилковірезультати.

6. Блок вводу складається з пристроїв, щозастосовуються для приймання інформації та даних.

IV. Retell the text.

LESSON 9.WHAT CAN COMPUTER DO?