Lesson 6 electronic brain

1. Read and memorize the following words and word-combinations:

completely new branch of science - цілком нова галузь науки

to bring (brought, brought) about - викликати

automatic - автоматичний

reason - причина

to require - вимагати

of exceptional importance - виключної важливості

above human possibilities - поза людськими можливостями

electronicimpulse - електричний імпульс

asequenceof (such) impulses - послідовність імпульсів

subtraction - віднімання

division - ділення

to reduce - скорочувати

scheme - схема

toyield - (тут) давати

to repeat - повторювати

II. Read and translate the following text:

Computers represent a completely new branch of science, the first of them having appeared more than half a century ago. Although still now, these machines have already brought about a real revolution in science, technology, statistics and automatic control.

The reason for this lies in the fact that a mathe­matical formula can be found for almost all scientific and technical problems. They can be solved without the computer but it would require millions of arithmetical operations. No wonder that many problems of excep­tional importance remained unsolved for a long time, the volume of the calculations required being above human possibilities.

A high speed electronic computers can carry out several thousand arithmetical operations in one second. A calculation, which would have taken several years of intense human work in the past, is now done in a few minutes or hours.

The principle of this wonderful machine lies in counting electric impulses. Numbers are represented as a sequence of such impulses, and a radio-technical scheme counts them carrying out addition, subtraction multiplication and division, all higher mathematical cal­culations being reduced to these four operations. If we introduce into the scheme first one number and then another, the result will yield the sum of these two numbers. Subtraction is reduced to the addition of negative numbers. Multiplication is done by repeated additions necessary number of times, a division - by re­peated subtraction

EXERCISES:

I Answer the following questions:

1. What machines have already brought about a real revolution in science, technology, statistics and auto­matic control?

2. Where does the reason for this lie?

3. Can all scientific and technical problems be solved without the computer?

4. Why did many problems of exceptional importance remain unsolved for a long time?

5. How many operations can high speed electronic com­puter carry out in a second?

6. What does a radio-technical scheme count carrying out addition, subtraction, multiplication and division?

7. What was reduced to these four operations?

IL Give Ukrainian equivalent! reason human statistics formula calculation of the following words:

impulse

intense

reduce

principle

reason

human

statistics

formula

calculation

III. Find in the text English equivalents to the follow­ing word-combinations:

• проблеми виняткової важливості;

залишатися невирішеним (нерозв'язаним);

• бути понад людських можливостей;

• роки інтенсивної людської праці в минулому;

• підрахунок електричних імпульсів;

• додавання негативних цифр; » необхідна кількість разів.

IV.Retell the text