Контрольное задание № 1 Вариант 3

I

№ 1. Измените число следующих существительных, произведя все необходимые изменения:

а) единственное число на множественное: an assembly, a term, a position, a class, a statesman, a toe, majority, a person, a bath, a chief;

б) множественное число на единственное: principles, members, parties, nations, bosses, sizes, leaves, women, valleys, tomatoes.

№ 2. Поставьте все личные местоимения в объектном падеже и напишите соответствующие им формы притяжательных местоимений.

№ 3. Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных: powerful, high, far, little, notable, flat, wealthy, narrow.

№ 4. Прочтите и переведите текст. Абзац 5 переведите письменно.

The United Kingdom

1. This is an abbreviation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and is the political name of the country which is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. In everyday speech “Britain” is often used to mean the United Kingdom. The country is situated on the British Isles which lie between the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean to the west of the European continent. The total area is about 120000 square miles.

2. It has been claimed that the British love of compromise is the result of the country’s physical geography. This may or may not be true, but it is certainly true that the land and the climate in Britain have a notable lack of extremes. Britain has mountains, but none of them are very high; it also has flat lands, but you cannot travel without encountering hills; it has no really big rivers; it doesn’t usually get very cold in the winter or very hot in the summer.

3. The population of the country is over 57 million people. About 20 per cent of the British people live in rural areas, the others live in urban districts. There are only five cities with populations over 500000, although Manchester, Liverpool and Newcastle also exceed this figure if neighbouring towns are included.

4. Though once Britain used to be one of the most powerful capitalist countries, its importance has shown a marked decline. Nevertheless, it has a number of highly developed industries: textile, iron and steel, shipbuilding, engineering, chemical, agricultural ones.

5. The United Kingdom is a constitutional (or parliamentary) monarchy, without a written constitution. The British constitution is based on Acts of Parliament (also called “laws” or “statutes”) and conventions, which are commonly accepted assumptions about the way things should be done. The country has a monarch (a king or a queen) as its Head of State. The monarch has very little power and can only reign with the support of parliament. Parliament consists of two chambers known as the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Parliament and the monarch have different roles in the government of the country. In reality, the House of Commons is the only one of the three which has true power. It is here that new bills are introduced and debated. If the majority of the members are in favour of a bill it goes to the House of Lords to be debated and finally to the monarch to be signed. Only then does it become law. Although a bill must be supported by all three bodies, the house of Lords has only limited powers, and the monarch has not refused to sign one since the modern political system began over 200 years ago.

№ 5. Выпишите из текста эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений: площадь; составлять; высоко развитые отрасли промышленности, сельские (городские) районы; власть; писаная конституция; управление (страной); палата (парламента); законопроект; закон (3 варианта); ограниченные полномочия; обычай (соглашение).

№ 6. Выпишите из текста 2 предложения, содержащие сказуемое в активном залоге. Подчеркните сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму. Измените предложения таким образом, чтобы сказуемое имело все возможные грамматические формы.

№ 7. Выпишите из текста 2 предложения, содержащие сказуемое в пассивном залоге. Подчеркните сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

II

№ 8. Прочтите текст.

The Political System of the United Kingdom

1. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. This means that it has a monarch (a king or a queen) as its Head of State. The monarch has very little power and can only reign with the support of Parliament. Parliament consists of two chambers known as the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Parliament and the monarch have different roles in the government of the country, and they only meet together on symbolic occasions such as the coronation of a new monarch or opening of Parliament. In reality, the House of Commons is the only one of the three which has true power. It is here that new bills are introduced and debated. If the majority of the members are in favour of a bill it goes to the House of Lords to be debated and finally to the monarch to be signed. Only then does it become a law. Although a bill must be supported by all three bodies, the House of Lords only has limited powers. The Lord’s main power consists of being able to delay non-financial bills for a period of one year. The monarch has not refused to sign a bill since the modern political system began over 200 years ago.

2. The House of Commons and the electoral system. The House of Commons is made up of 650 elected members, known as Members of Parliament (abbreviated as MPs), each of whom represents an area (or constituency) of the United Kingdom. They are elected either at a general election, or at by-election following the death or retirement of an MP. Parliamentary elections must be held every five years at the latest, but the Prime Minister can decide on the exact date within those five years.

3. The party system. The British democratic system depends on political parties, and there has been a party system of some kind since the 17^th century. The political parties choose candidates in elections. The party which wins the majority of seats forms the Government and its leader usually becomes Prime Minister. The largest minority party becomes the Opposition. In doing so it accepts the right of the majority party to run the country, while the majority party accepts the right of the minority party to criticize it. Without this agreement between the political parties, the British parliamentary system would break down.

4. The Prime Minister chooses about twenty MPs from his or her party to become Cabinet Ministers. Each minister is responsible for a particular area of government.

The monarchy. The powers of the monarch are not defined precisely. Theoretically every act of government is done in the Queen’s name and she appoints all the ministers, including the Prime Minister. In reality, everything is done on the advice of the elected Government, and the monarch takes no part in the decision-making process.

5. Local government. Parliament in London is responsible for deciding national policy, but many public services are provided by local government. The United Kingdom is divided into administrative areas known as ‘counties’ and each county has a ‘county town’ where the offices of the local government are responsible for organizing such services as education, libraries, police and fire services, road-building and many others.

№ 9. Выпишите из текста английские эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений: управление страной, палата (парламента), власть, законопроект, обсуждать (законопроект), член парламента, избирательный округ, всеобщие \ дополнительные выборы, ограниченные полномочия, отвечать за что-либо, местное самоуправление, графство.

№ 10. Найдите и выпишите из текста 2 предложения, содержащие инфинитив. Определите формы и функции инфинитива. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

№ 11. Найдите и выпишите из текста 2 предложения, содержащие причастие. Определите формы и функции причастия. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

№ 12. Найдите и выпишите из текста 2 предложения, содержащие герундий. Определите формы и функции герундия. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

№ 13. Абзацы 1, 2, 3 переведите письменно.