Методичка по английскому языку для ИТС (пр. С.С.Иванов)

slewing ramp is that it makes the ship independent of port facilities. The slewing ramp moves round the stern through 80 deg. and is operated by winches. Storage of the ramp is astern, and the stern opening forward of the ramp is closed by a separate watertight door.

The advantages of RO-RO vessels:

independence of port facilities;

quick door-to-door service;

faster cargo handling rate and reduced turn round time;

as goods are in containers, the risk of damage or pilferage20 is reduced

The disadvantages of RO-RO vessels:

a considerable amount of cargo volume is occupied by vehicles and trailers;

a considerable space below the lower deck cannot be used for trailers.

Notes

Roll-on/Roll-off Vessels – судно с горизонтальной погрузкой/разгрузкой

unitized cargo – упакованный груз

side port – бортовой порт (проход)

access ramp – пандус, аппарель

hoistable platforms – подъемная платформа

tide level – уровень прилива

traffic lane – полоса движения

without having to be turned or reversed – не поворачиваясь

(разворачиваясь)

hence the expression – ―drive-through‖ type vessel - отсюда – выражение – судно со сквозным проездом

40

internal ramp – внутренняя аппарель fixed ramp – пандус (аппарель) movable ramp – шарнирная аппарель closure – герметизация, закрытие

to moor - швартовать berth – причал

ship-to-shore access – сход с корабля на берег slewing ramp – поворотная аппарель

port quarter – скула левого борта starboard quarter – стоянка правого борта pilferage – мелкая кража

Exercises

1.Read the text without a dictionary and see how much of it you can understand.

2.Read the text using a dictionary.

3.Put questions and get answers:

Model: A. Ask another student what RO-RO vessels are designed for.

B.What are RO-RO vessels designed for?

C. They are designed to carry rolled/wheeled vehicles. Ask him:

how RO-RO vessels are loaded/unloaded;

41

what kind of access and distribution facilities he knows;

what kind of ramps he knows;

if he can explain what ―drive through‖ vessels are;

how vehicles are distributed throughout the ship;

what he can tell you about advantages/disadvantages of RO-RO vessels.

4. Read the text without a dictionary. Give the main idea of the text in Russian:

The 22,690 dwt ocean-going RO-RO vessel "Magnitogorsk" (owned by the Baltic Shipping Company in St. Petersburg) is designed to carry 20 and 40 ft containers (including refrigerated ones), different wheeled vehicles, automobiles, packaged goods, flats, packaged timber, rails and other cargo. The vessel is loaded/unloaded through the stern door and the big ramp which is at a 36° angle to the ship's centre line. From the stern door fixed ramps lead up and down to different decks. Loading equipment needed in ports always follows on board the ship and comprises 7 fork-lift trucks1 (up to 20 tons capacity), and two 40 ft. container vans2 having capacity of 30 tons each. The holds are ventilated with a very efficient system 20 times an hour. The ship has a sailing range of 30,000 nautical miles. Provisions are sufficient for 60 days. Since the ship is almost independent of port facilities, it can load and discharge in any port of the world that will accommodate it.

Notes

fork-lift truck – вилочный погрузчик, автопогрузчик с вильчатым захватом

container van - автофургон

5. Write out from the text ―Roll-on/Roll-off Vessels‖ sentences with the

Absolute Participle Construction. Translate these sentences into Russian.

42

6.Define the form of the verbs in the Passive Voice. Find sentences with the passive forms of the verbs. Translate the sentences into Russian.

7.Define forms and functions of the Gerund in the following sentences:

RO-RO vessels are designed to carry all sorts of rolled vehicles and motor cars – by driving them on/off the ship – and utilized cargo.

Loading may be effected through the stern/bow doors or side ports.

Such arrangement enables the vehicles to drive off the ship without having to be turned or reversed.

The fixed ramp has the disadvantage of reducing valuable parking space on the deck above and below it.

8. Define forms and functions of the Infinitive in the following sentences:

RO-RO vessels are designed to carry all sorts of rolled vehicles and motor cars.

The ramp should be sufficiently wide to provide two traffic lanes for the vehicles.

Such arrangement enables the vehicles to drive off the ship without having to be turned or reversed.

It is of greater advantage to use a hinged ramp.

UNIT 13

Icebreakers

Russian people have been dreaming for years about building ships that could sail across a frozen sea. The Russian Admiral Stepan Makarov, the creator of the world's first icebreaker the "Yermak‖, was a keen advocate of the development of the Arctic, "No other nation is as interested in icebreakers as Russia", he wrote in his time.

43

After launching of the icebreaker ―Yermak‖ in 1899 several more icebreakers were built. Until 1934 they were all fitted with steam engines, which, although they did make long-distance cruises , in the arctic seas, could not provide adequate power. Icebreakers with diesel-electric engines had greater manoeuvrability. A new era in polar navigation came in 1959 when the ―Lenin‖, the world's first atomic powered icebreaker was built. The power plant of the ―Lenin‖ is 44 thousand horse power. This enables her to sail over heavy ice and manoeuvre in difficult ice-conditions.

And yet, the icebreaker "Lenin‖ was only a transitional stage in the construction of such ships. The power of the icebreakers keeps growing. The fleet of nuclear powered icebreakers was joined by the "Arktica" and the ‖Sibir", both with power plant of 75,000 hp and a displacement of 23,460 tons. Their top speed is 21 knots.

The new nuclear-powered icebreakers have prolonged the period of arctic navigation. At the end of the 60s transport vessels could reach Dudinka during only three months of the year. Since 1978 they have been able to reach Dudinka - at the mouth of the Yenisei River - almost throughout the year. The triumph of our nuclear-powered fleet came with the voyage of the ―Arktica‖ and the "Sibir" to the North Pole - a display of superb technical strength and perfection of shipbuilding in Russia.

I. Comprehension questions:

What have Russian people been dreaming about for years?

Who was the first to design the world first icebreaker?

When was the ―Yermak‖ launched?

What engines were the icebreakers fitted with until 1934?

When did a new era in polar navigation come?

What is the power of the "Lenin" power plant?

44

What other nuclear-powered icebreakers were put into operation in the 1970s?

What was their displacement and top speed?

ІІ. Analyse and translate the following sentences;

Having been equipped with heavy cargo lifting gear, the ship is capable of carrying a wide variety of dry cargoes in bulk or parcel form.

We know of these valves having been fitted to the carriers built in the U.S.A.

The crane is specifically designed for handling containers.

Many methods were tried but without obtaining any positive results.

The idea of creating a ship for operating under severe arctic conditions has stimulated the appearance of icebreakers.

Our experiment is a step towards solving this problem.

Sailing in ice requires much skill.

III. Choose the proper word from those given in the brackets

1. The icebreaker is equipped with an atomic (reactor, engine, plant). 2. The ship can sail any distance without calling at any (harbour, wharf, port). 3. The giant (ship, vessel, derrick) is 134 metres long, 27 metres wide and as high as a six-storey building. 4. The icebreaker "Lenin" has (powerful, powerless, giant) atomic reactors. 5. The engine is equipped with (reliable, strong, special) means of protection from the influence of radiation. 6. The "Sibir" has many (advantages, disadvantages, features) over conventional icebreakers.

45

UNIT 14

Hydrofoil Craft1

The hydrofoil craft is described as a hull supported, when operating, clear of the water surface by the hydrodynamic lift of underwater wings or hydrofoils. This type of dynamic support provides a greater reduction in resistance and basically superior rough-water performance when compared to both planing and displacement hulls in the same range speed.

Types of foils2. The two basic types of foil arrangements in extensive use are surface piercing V-U-shaped foils and submerged foils.

Operation. Regardless of the type of foil, the basic action is essentially the same. The boat starts from rest in a displacement condition and is accelerated, generally through a conventional marine propulsion drive, to a take-off speed where the weight of the boat is finally and completely transferred to take off the foils. The lift on the foils brings the hull clear of the water leaving only the propeller equipment and the effective foil surface submerged.

Notes

hydrofoil craft – судно на подводных крыльях

types of foils – типы крыльев

I. Comprehension questions:

How is the hydrofoil craft described?

What does this type of dynamic support provide?

What are the two types of foil arrangements?

46

Does the basic action of the craft depend on the type of foil?

How is the hydrofoil accelerated?

II. Read and translate these word-combinations:

hydrodynamic lift of foils, basically superior performance, when compared to, in the same range of speed, in extensive use, regardless of the type of foil, to start from rest, finally and completely, effective foil surface.

III. Find in the text synonyms to the following words and expressions:

underwater wings, with no attention to the type of foils, substantially, usual, to begin from rest, below the water surface.

IV. Translate the following text without a dictionary and reproduce it as close to the contents as possible using:

hull supported by the hydrodynamic lift of hydrofoils, types of foils, to start from rest, a conventional marine propulsion drive, to transfer the weight of the boat to the foils, to bring the hull clear of the water

"Meteor"

A hydrofoil craft named "Meteor" built in the USSR is capable to carry 150 passengers at a speed of over 40 knots. She is designed for service on inland waterways and she also can operate on some coastal routs. The "Meteor" was built at the "Krasnoye Sormovo" shipyard, Gorki, and her principal dimensions are as follows: length o.a. - '112 ft. 10 in, beam - 19 ft, draught on hydrofoils - 5 ft 11 in, draught afloat - 7 ft 8 in. She has three passenger saloons, all situated in the superstructure. The windows of the forward and after saloons are arranged to give all round vision. The "Meteor" is of light alloy construction part riveted and part welded. Her hull and superstructure are stiffened by transverse bulkheads. The hydrofoils are made of stainless steel and are welded. For propulsion the"Meteor‖ has two diesel engines driving two screws and each producing 850 s.h.p.

47

UNIT 15

IARGEST FINNISH-BUIL/T SHIP

The 13,500/11,900-ton "Western Trader" with 6,300 b.h.p. Sulzer Machinery and

A.C.Auxiliaries

The "Western Trader", completed as a closed shelterdecker of 15,500 tons on a draught of 9.09 m. (29 ft 9 in.) for the Western Transport Corporation, bears the distinction of being the largest ship yet built in Finland. She has been constructed to the requirements for Lloyd's Class 100A1, and the hull is of welded construction throughout, except for the riveted stringer angle1 and bilge strake2. Longitudinal framing3 is adopted for the upper deck and in the double bottom, with transverse framing4 elsewhere.

Centreline bulkheads are fitted in the holds, these being one-third of the height, and trimming hatches5 are provided in the second deck for grain cargo. A strong-room aft of No. 5 hold is strengthened and fitted with necessary piping to enable it to serve as a ballast tank. The upper deck hatches have Tell steel hatch covers and are served by twelve 5-ton and four 3-ton derricks. All 16 winches operate on alternating current and are of Thrige manufacture as are also the 80 h.p. windlass with a slipring motor6 and the capstans7.

The accomodation, arranged amidships, provides berths for a complement of 44 and six spare, all living spaces being served by a mechanical heating and ventilating system of a combined high-and low-pressure type. Sound insulation is applied to the engine casing8 above the upper deck level.

Navigational aids include a Sperry Mk.XIV gyro compass9 with automatic pilot and course recorder10, an Atlas echosounder11, a SAL log12 and Dacca TM46 radar equipment.

Notes

48

riveted stringer angle – угольник палубного стрингера bilge strake – скуловой пояс (наружной обшивки) longitudinal framing – продольная рама (каркас) transverse framing – поперечная рама (каркас) trimming hatch – досыпной люк; люк для штивки груза slipring motor – асинхронный электродвигатель capstan – шпиль, кабестан

engine casing – кожух двигателя, машинный кожух gyro compass – гироскопический компас, гирокомпас course recorder – курсограф

echosounder – эхолот

log – лаг (т.е. прибор для измерения скорости; а тж. вахтенный журнал)

I. Comprehension questions:

What type of a ship is described in the text?

The hull of the ship is of welded construction, isn't it?

How is the vessel framed?

What hatches are provided in the second deck for grain cargo? How many winches operate on alternating current?

How many persons does the accommodation provide berths for?

III. Translate the following words pointing out their roots, suffixes and prefixes:

49