Методичка по английскому языку для ИТС (пр. С.С.Иванов)

Exercises

1.Read the text and notes to the text.

2.Give Russian equivalents to the following English word combinations.

in order to; to take advantage of; a great deal of; to be capable of; to differ from; in dependence on.

3.Make up sentences using expressions from exercise №2.

4.Translate the following word-combinations:

container ship operation

full container service

overall transport costs

cell-guide system

shore-based crane

ship-board gantry crane

container handling

5. Translate the following sentences:

RO-RO ships are designed to carry wheeled vehicles.

Such service offers the maximum possibilities for reduction on overcall transport costs, since individual packages are handled only twice.

By omission of tweendecks and using large hatches containers are stacked as many as high, vertical guides being used for locating and retaining the containers in position.

6. Finish up the sentences.

LO-LO vessels are serviced by…

Cellular type full container vessels are equipped to…

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By omission of tweendecks and using large hatches, containers can be staked…

Vertical guides are used for…

Cellular ships have the advantage of…

The distinguishing features of container ships are…

Container ships have…

7. Comprehension questions.

What does containerization mean?

What is container designed for?

What are the advantages of a standard container?

What kind of ships and port facilities are required to take full advantage of containerization?

What are cellular type full container vessels equipped with?

How are containers stacked on board cellular type full container ships?

What is the advantage of cellular ships with shore – based cranes?

How are containers mounted on board RO-RO ships?

8. Read the text without a dictionary. Give the main idea of the text in Russian.

All ships designed to carry unitized cargo (such as container /ships, RO/RO ships and barge carriers) make up a part of different transport technological systems. The term "transport technological system" includes a complex of technical means functioning on the basis of coordinated technological, organization and commercial measures providing maximum effective carriage of goods on certain routes, from the shipper to the receiver. Thus, the container transport technological system provides coordinated carriage of containers by railway and sea transport means. The complex of technical means of the container system comprises container ships (both ocean-going

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and feeder ships), specialized port cargo handling complexes (container terminals), specialized railway and motor road transport means, container depots, containers and container maintenance and repair facilities.

9. Define forms and functions of the Infinitives in the following sentences:

The use of containers has continued to increase in recent years.

Specially designed cellular container ships are essential in order to take full advantage of the system.

To support container ship operation a great deal of capital has been invested in depots road and roll vehicles, ships and port terminals.

The basic function of the cell-guide system is to facilitate the lowering and positioning of containers.

10. Define the part of speech of the underlined words in the following sentences.

The basic function of the all-guide system is to facilitate the lowering and positioning of containers and to distribute the lateral loads from the containers (arising from the rolling motion of the ship) to the adjacent hull structure.

Container ships have a high service speed ranging from 16 to 26 knots.

The distinguishing features of container ships are very large hatch opening.

The only movement of the container within the ship is vertical, thus loading and discharging is carried out by vertical movement only.

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UNIT 10

Trawlers

In fish harbour and on seaways one can meet many small fishing vesselstrawlers. There are two types of trawlers: side and. stern. The sizes of them are usually very different. The length of the side trawlers1 is not more than 50-60 metres and they have special equipment for side trawling. The stern trawlers rise and drop trawl through the special stern slipway2. Side trawlers have superstructure aft and stern trawlers3 have it in the middle of the hull or forward.

All trawlers are equipped with the powerful trawl winch4 and other special installations including refrigerating and freezing. The capacity of them is between 20 and 50 tons of the fish per day. Sometimes trawlers have controllable pitch propellers. Latest giant vessels are equipped with air conditioning installations. All trawlers have trawls made of synthetic fibre nets.

Notes

side trawler – бортовой траулер

slipway – слип

stern trawler – кормовой траулер

trawl winch – траловая лебедка

I. Comprehension questions:

What types of trawlers are there?

What can you say about their superstructures?

What is the capacity of these trawlers?

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What kinds of equipment do the trawlers include?

What are the trawls usually made of?

II. Define according to the suffixes to what part of speech these words belong:

indirectly, powerless, capacity, equipment, liner , bulbous, echo-sounder, permissible, superlarge, accommodation, extensive, steering, particularly, basic, arrangement, provision, original, rudder, owner, rectangular, refinement, powerful, resistance, stainless, various, effectiveness, different, feature, possibility.

III. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the functions of the Infinitives:

1. The cargo space to be divided into 5 holds will be utilized for the carriage of mixed bulk cargoes. 2. To carry mixed bulk cargoes the cargo space is divided into 5 main holds. 3. This vessel was the first to be equipped with such engines. 4. To meet modern requirements the vessel was equipped with modern machinery and cargo-handling equipment. 5. The tanker to be constructed will carry two different types of petroleum products. 6. The equipment to be supplied during 1998 to 2005 will consist of generators, high-voltage and low-voltage distribution equipment, convertors and motors.

UNIT 11

Tankers

At present about 1/3 of the world‘s shipping tonnage is tanker tonnage.

Tankers are especially designed to carry liquids in bulk. Their construction is different from that of dry cargo ships: they are built on a cellular system by which the vessel is divided longitudinally and transversely into compartments. Tankers are equipped with pipes, valves and pumps to transfer cargo from/to the shore and from one tank to another when necessary. They also vary in size from 2000 dwt coasting tanker1 to supertankers of 70000

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dwt. The average size is between 20000 and 40000 dwt., and speeds vary between 10 and 20 knots.

Nowadays there are also mammoth tankers2 of 70000 to 150000 dwt, very large crude carriers3 (VLCC) of 150000 to 300000 dwt, ultra large crude carriers (ULCC) of 300000 to 800000 dwt and even megatankers4 of 1000000 dwt and larger. VLCCs and ULCCs require 65 to 90ft channel depth and sufficient space in which to turn. They are 300-400 metres long. The deepest ports have depths of 45 to 60ft in dredged channels. Only 60 ports in the world have depths of 65 ft and can accommodate most of the VLCC size vessels.

A tanker spends most of time at sea, as the loading and discharging of liquids is effected very vast. As tanker is never long in the port, overhauls5 and repairs are difficult to be effected. More over, no repairs which might spark off a fire6 can be made unless the tanks are free from gases which might cause an explosion.

Notes

coasting tanker – каботажный танкер

mammoth tankers – гигантский танкер

very large crude carriers – танкер для перевозки сырой нефти

megatankers – мегатанкер

overhaul – капитальный ремонт, ремонт с переборкой

no repairs which might spark off a fire – огневые ремонтные работы

(резка, сварка)

Exercises

1. Read and translate the text using a dictionary.

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2.Prepare 10 questions on the text at home. Put these questions to your partner in class.

3.Speak on:

1.cargo handling equipment of tankers

2.classification of tankers

4. Read the text without a dictionary. Give arguments that tanker ―I. Broz Tito‖ is ecologically clean.

Ecologically Clean Product Tanker "I. Broz Tito"

'The tanker is designed to carry oil and oil products of four grades simultaneously. It is a one-deck single screw vessel with a forecastle and a poop, with aft location of the engine room and the superstructure, with a bow bulb, a bow thruster1 and a transom stern.

The vessel complies with SOLAS 74 and its 1978 Protocol, MARPOL 73/78*, the requirements of the Oil Companies International Marine Forum to tanker manifolds2 sanitation and labour protection rules as well as regulations governing passage through the Suez, Panama and Kiel Canals, the Gulf of St. Lawrence, etc.

In way of the cargo tanks two longitudinal bulkheads arc installed which, together with the transverse corrugated bulkheads, divide the cargo space into six central and five (on each side) wing tanks. There are also two slop tanks3. In the section under the cargo space and the engine room the ship has a double bottom arrangement. Each cargo tank is fitted with its own pump having a maximum capacity of 250 m3/h. The pumps are hydraulically driven and operated from the cargo handling Central Control Post. The cargo system allows the loading of four different grades simultaneously with a maximum capacity of 3,000 m3/h.

The cargo handling CCP houses measuring instruments and equipment for remote handling4 of loading and discharging, ballasting and tank washing. To gauge5 cargo levels the ship operates a radar system on microprocessors.

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The ship is fitted with the systems of monitoring temperature in the tanks and pressure in the piping.

Tank washing is carried out with the use of portable cleaning machines. Waste water6 is successively passed through two slop tanks for separation. Prior to discharge into the sea it undergoes checks7 by an alarm system monitoring and signalling excessive contents of oil products in dumped water.

The ship has an incinerator, an installation to treat sewage and fecal water8, and a bilge water separator9.

- SOLAS 74 and its W978 Protocol – Международная конвенция по безопасности жизни на море, вступившая в силу в 1974 г., и дополнение к ней, принятое в 1978 г.

* - MARPOL 73/78 Международная Конвенция по предотвращению загрязнения моря с судов, вступившая в силу с 1973 г., и дополнение к ней, принятое в 1978 г.

Notes

bow thruster – носовое подруливающее устройство

tanker manifolds – коллектор трубопровода

slop tanks – отстойная цистерна грязной трюмной воды

remote handling – дистанционное управление

to gauge – замерять

waste water – отработанная вода

to undergo checks – подвергаться проверке

incinerator…to treat sewage and fecal water – установка для очистки сточных и фекальных вод

a bilge water separator – сепаратор трюмной воды

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5.Translate the text using a dictionary.

6.Speak on:

the idea of the tanker tanker design

automation systems and main installation of the tanker why the tanker is ecologically clean

7.Find, read and translate sentences with verbs in the Passive Voice. Define their forms.

8.Define the part of speech of the underlined words. State their forms and functions in the following sentences:

Each cargo tank is fitted with its own pump having a maximum capacity of 250 m3/h.

The cargo handling CCP houses measuring instruments and equipment for remote handling of loading and discharging, ballasting and tank washing.

The ship is fitted with the systems of monitoring temperature in tanks and pressure in the piping.

Tank washing is carried out with the use of portable cleaning machines.

Prior to discharge into the sea it undergoes checks by an alarm system monitoring and signalling excessive contents of oil products in dumping water.

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UNIT 12

Roll-on/Roll-off Vessels1

Ro-Ro vessels are designed to carry all sorts of rolled vehicles and motorcars

– by driving them on/off the ship and unitized cargo2 and lengthy/bulky cargo units.

The types of access and distribution facilities are numerous: stern/bow doors and side ports3, the doors being normally hydraulically operated; access ramps4, internal ramps; hoistable platforms5, lifts; bulkhead doors. The actual link between the shore and the ship consists of a bridge ramp hinged at the shore end and supported at the other end in such a way that the ramp can be adjusted to varying tide levels6. The ramp should be sufficiently wide to provide at least two traffic lanes7 for the vehicles. The connection between the ramp and the ship is by a secondary ramp. The latter may be a door or an internal ramp.

Loading may be effected through the stern/bow doors or side ports. On some medium-sized ships both bow and stern doors are provided, the ramp arrangement at the bow being similar to that at the stern. Such arrangement enables the vehicles to drive straight off the ship without having to be turned or reversed8; hence the expression – ―drive-through‖ type vessel9.

Inside the vessel the vehicles are distributed throughout the cargo spaces by either internal ramps10 or hoistable platform. Where space is available, fixed11 or movable ramps12 are used since they permit faster rates of loading than mechanically operated vertical lifts. The fixed ramp has the disadvantage of reducing parking space on the deck above and below it. It is of greater advantage to use a hinge ramp which can be used as a closure13 for the deck above.

If the stern bridge ramp is placed right in the direction of ship‘s fore-and-aft center line, the ship can moor14 only stern to the berth15. When the ramp is placed at an angle to the center line, the ship can moor either stern to or alongside the berth. Such development in ship-to-shore access16 as slewing ramp17 enables the ship to load and discharge rolled cargo directly astern, over the port quarter18 or over the starboard quarter19. The advantage of the

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