Методичка по английскому языку для ИТС (пр. С.С.Иванов)

а) Джон ответил на телеграмму в тот же день b) Джон ответил телеграммой в тот же день. c) Джону ответили телеграммой в тот же день.

4. The team discussed the method insisted upon by head of the laboratory.

a)Группа и завлаб обсудили метод и настояли на его применении.

b)Завлаб настоял на том, что группе следовало бы обсудить этот

метод.

c) Группа обсудила метод, на котором настаивал завлаб.

5. During the test the substance was found as corrosive.

a)Во время испытания они обнаружили коррозирующее вещество.

b)Во время испытания было обнаружено, что вещество подверглось

коррозии.

c) Вещество было обнаружено во время испытания, потому оно подверглось коррозии.

Информационная программа №4. Логическое выделение. Эмфатические конструкции

1. Формальное there + сказуемое

There worked many specialists at this problem.

Над этой проблемой работали многие специалисты. Выделяемый член предложения

2. Формальные it is (was) ...... that (who,which,where)

R: именно, как раз, только тогда, только и.т.п.

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1)It is the energy of motion of the particles in random direction that constitutes heat. - Именно энергия движения частиц в беспорядочных направлениях представляет собой теплоту.

2)It is in the nuclear reactor that isotopes are born.

- Как раз в ядерном реакторе рождаются изотопы.

3. Инверсия (обратный порядок слов) в условных предложениях

were I you = if I were you

had he been here = if he had been here

could one find = if one could find

Were there no loss of energy by friction, the motion would continue indefinitely once it had been started. - Если бы не было потери энергии на трение, движение продолжалось бы бесконечно долго ( коль скоро) раз уж оно началось.

Had the checking up of the experimental data not taken so much time, we should have completed our work long ago. - Если бы проверка экспериментальных данных не заняла столько времени, мы бы давно уже закончили нашу работу.

4. Эмоциональное выделение членов предложения

То this class of substance belong mica, porcelain, quartz, glass, wood, ebonite.

- К такому роду веществ принадлежат: слюда, фарфор, кварц, стекло, дерево, эбонит.

Ex. I. Translate the following sentences:

1.It was the development or nanotechnology that the article dealt with.

2.Copper does not combine with cold oxygen but it does do so when

heated.

3.Had it not been for a large size of this body we should have already weighed it.

4.Nowhere can we see such rapid progress as in information technology.

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5.Surrounding this nucleus are electrons, the actual number depending upon the atom being considered.

6.Carbon dioxide does not burn, nor does it support combustion.

7.Radioactive phenomena occur within the nucleus and it is here that mass and positive charge resides.

8.You could not walk if there were not some friction. Neither could you stop if you were moving.

9.Had he taken into account the properties of the substance under investigation he would have been careful when working with it.

10.It is by means of solar cells that solar radiation can be converted directly into electric power.

11.Considered in the next section are the most important reactions of

this type.

12.It was not until 1974 that this journal was available in our library.

13.Should the conference be held in N. Novgorod the students will be able to attend it.

Информационная программа №5. Инфинитив

1. Функция обстоятельства цели:

То know English well you must work hard.

R: Для того, чтобы. Чтобы ...

2. Функция определения:

The new channel to be constructed here will be the longest in the country. Новый канал, который будет здесь построен, будет самым длинным в стране.

R: Перевод: определительное придаточное предложение с оттенком будущности или долженствования.

3. Субъектный инфинитивный оборот :

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Говорили, что лекция была очень интересной.

R: Перевод: Начинать с глагола-сказуемого: неопределенноличное предложение "Говорят. Известно. Кажется. Предполагают. Считают. Сообщают, что …"

4. Объектный инфинитивный оборот

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Ex. I. Translate the following phrases the new problem to be solved

the new device to be introduced the theory to be considered

the instrument to be used

the experiment to be carried out the question to be answered

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the valuable information to be collected

the new branches of industry to be developed the reason to be taken into consideration

the idea to be thoroughly discussed the reliability to be achieved

the point to be reached

the information to be stored the technologies to be used

Ex. II. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the function of the Infinitive constructions

1.Industrial electronic equipment is known to play a very important role today.

2.In lightning electricity seems to jump through the space.

3.Today any electric current is believed to consist of countless numbers of electrons.

4.Electronic equipment is sure to find an ever growing application.

5.Rubber is known to be brought from America.

6.The XX century is considered to be the century of space travels.

7.Tire volt is known to be the unit of measure for electrical force.

8 The nucleus is said to be positively charged because the center part of the atom ways consists of protons and neutrons only.

9. Atomic ice breakers are known to operate on a negligible quantity of atomic fuel. 10. The two scientists happened to work at the same problem.

Ex. III. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Infinitive constructions

1. We know them to be working at the problem of protection the cosmonauts from tire effect of Sun radiation.

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2.Scientists proved electrical energy to be released from matter by chemical reaction, heat, electromagnetic induction and friction.

3.We know iron molecules to be magnets at all times.

4.Numerous experiments proved the atom to be electrically neutral.

5.We know television to be widely used both in everyday life and

industry.

6.Television requires pictures to be sent by means of electricity.

7.Diffraction experiments show gamma rays to be electromagnetic

waves.

8.Investigations of the properties of radioactivity showed the strength of radiation to be independent of any external physical influences.

9.The head of the research department thought him to have taken part in the experiment.

10.The engineer expected the work to be done in time.

11.It is possible for a single force to produce the same effect as a

couple.

12.It required some more experiments for the scientist to prove the correctness of the results obtained.

Ex. IV. Translate the following sentences with the Infinitives

1.For a system to be in complete equilibrium it is necessary that there be mechanical equilibrium.

2.Copper to be used for tubing has high corrosion resistant qualities.

3.The name "electronics" is known to be derived from the word "electron", the electron itself being the basic unit of negative electricity and all electric currents consisting of electrons in motion.

4.Bodies like the Sun and other sources of light with which we are familiar are said to be "self-luminous" since they emit light of their own accord.

5.If we double the force pushing the electrons around a circuit we expect them to move twice as fast.

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6. To shorten the time to perform instructions, it is desirable to perform as many operations as possible in parallel.

после того, как (его)

изменили

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Независимый причастный оборот

Перевод: Так как; Если; Поскольку; После того, как ...

ПРИЧАСТИЕ

The new method was tried, better results being obtained.

Перевод: ... а, и, но, причем

Ex. I. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Absolute Participial Constructions.

1.Most metals are good conductors of heat, silver and copper being outstandingly good.

2.Heat can be transmitted by conduction, metals being the best conductors.

3.Electrical energy being released, a force called electromotive force (e.m.f.) is developed.

4.The experiment having been made, everybody was interested in the

results.

5.Mendeleev discovered the Periodic Law of Elements, the Table of Elements

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bearing his name.

6.No essential results having been obtained, the scientists had to carry out some more experiments.

7.The element 101 having been discovered, American scientists called

it

"mendelevium" to honour Mendeleev's name.

8.Pierre and Marie Curie discovered radium and polonium, the latter being named after Marie's native land.

9.All the waves in a lazer beam having the same wavelength, it has a very definite colour.

10.Having explained these structure and mechanics of the Universe Newton laid down the law of Universal Gravitation.

11.The atoms within the neon tube are constantly "pumped" to an excited state; then they fall back, loosing energy and radiating visible light.

Информационная программа №7. Герундий

Герундий – это неличная форма глагола, совмещающая в себе свойства глагола и существительного и дающая отвлечѐнное понятие о действии, не указывая на лицо, число и наклонение.

Видовременные формы герундия

Table 2