III. Answer the questions.

1. Where is Silicon Valley situated?

2. What does Silicon Valley mean?

3. Why does Silicon Valley continue to be the leading high-tech hub?

4. By whom was the term Silicon Valley coined?

5. Where is Silicon used?

6. What was the initial name of Silicon Valley?

7. What was developed in Silicon Valley?

8. Was Silicon Valley formed as a milieu of innovations?

IV. True or False?

1. Silicon Valley is the nothern part of the San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California, United States.

2. The term is now generally used as a metonym for the high-tech sector.

3. Silicon square continues to be the leading high-tech hub because of its large number of cutting-edge entrepreneurs, engineers and venture capitalists.

4. The Silicon Valley encompasses all of the USA.

5. Ralph Vaerst was a scientist.

6. These firms slowly replaced the orchards.

7. It was in Silicon Valley that the silicon-based integrated circuit sustained by about a quarter of a million information technology workers.

V. Give the English equivalents.

залив, в конечном счёте, центр внимания, окружить, вымышлять, полупроводник, фруктовый сад, поддерживать, схождение, обеспечивать, интегрированные цепи, отдел безопасности.

VI. Retell the text. Chapter 8

I. Before you start.

How are these things carried from one place to another? a) electricity b) radio signals с) gas

II. Read the text quickly and choose the best title, A, B, or C.

A. The history of cabling and telecommunications.

B. A short introduction to optical fibres.

С. Uses of glass in industry and technology.

Small is beautiful

Optical fibres started to replace some uses of copper cables in the 1970s. They are made from glass and are usually about 120 micrometres in diameter. Some of the most common everyday uses are in telecommunications, close-circuit television (CCCTV), and cable television.

1. ____________________________________________________________________ Optical fibres carry signals more efficiently than copper cable and with a much higher bandwidth. This means that fibres can carry more channels of information over longer distances

2.___________________________________________________________________

Optical fibre cables are much lighter and thinner than copper cables with the same bandwidth. This means less space is needed in underground cabling ducts.

3. __________________________________________________________________

It is difficult to steal information from optical fibres. They are not harmed by electromagnetic interference, for example from radio signals or lightning. They don't ignite so they can be used safely in flammable atmospheres, for example in petrochemical plants.

4.______________________________________________________________

Optical fibres are more expensive per meter than copper. However, one optical fibre can carry many more signals than a single copper cable and the longer transmission distances mean that fewer expensive repeaters are required. Also, copper cable uses more electrical power to deliver the signals.

5.___________________________________________________________________

Optical fibres can't be spliced as easily as copper cable. Employees need special training to handle the expensive splicing and measurement equipment.

III. Read the text again and match the headings (A-E) with the paragraphs (1-5).

A Training and skills

B Size and weight

C Security

D Price

E Capacity