III. Agree or disagree with the statements:

1. Cambridge was the first navigable point on the River Cam.

2. In 1208 a group of religious scholars broke away from Oxford University and came to Cambridge.

3. There had been a long feud between students and scholars.

4. Only scholars were allowed to live and work in the early colleges.

5. Cambridge University has 32 Colleges; the oldest is Peterhouse.

6. Many of the older colleges have peaceful gardens known as the “Backs”.

7. Peterhouse is the oldest and also the most beautiful college.

8. Trinity College is the largest college, founded by Henry VIII in 1547.

9. The chapel has life-size statue of the scientist Isaac Newton.

10. The 16th-century chapel dominates the city.

IV. Answer the questions:

1. What was the reason for a group of religious scholars to break away from Oxford University and come to Cambridge?

2. Was there a long feud between students and townspeople?

3. How many colleges does Cambridge University have?

4. Did Kings and Queens of England take part in university development and building?

5. What is the largest college at the university?

V. Match the first part of the sentence (1-5) with the second one (a-e).

1	Trinity College	a	since Roman times.
2	Tension between students and townspeople	b	to live and work in the early colleges.
3	Peterhouse	c	is the largest college.
4	Only scholars were allowed	d	developed in Cambridge not long afterwards.
5	Cambridge has been an important town	e	is the oldest and also the smallest college.

VI. Make up a plan of the text.

VII. Retell the text in a written form (in English or Ukrainian).

TEXT 7. A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY

I. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:

A claim – заява, to ban – забороняти, a scolarum – науковець, a riot – заколот, повстання, a gown – одяг студентів та викладачів, мантія, medieval – середньовічний, an eminence – велике значення.

II. Listen to the text:

A Brief History of the Oxford University

Oxford is a unique and historic institution. As the oldest English-speaking University in the world, it lays claim to eight centuries of continuous existence. There is no clear date of foundation, but teaching existed at Oxford in some form in 1096 and developed rapidly from 1167, when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris.

In 1188, the historian, Gerald of Wales, gave a public reading to the assembled Oxford dons and in 1190 the arrival of Emo of Friesland, the first known overseas student, initiated the University's tradition of international scholarship. By 1201, the University was headed by a magister scolarum Oxonie, on whom the title of Chancellor was conferred in 1214, and in 1231 the masters were recognized as a universities or corporation.

In the 13th century, rioting between town and gown (students and townspeople) hastened the establishment of primitive halls of residence. These were succeeded by the first of Oxford's colleges, which began as medieval “halls of residence” or endowed houses under the supervision of a Master. University, Balliol and Merton Colleges, established between 1249 and 1264, were the oldest.

Less than a century later, Oxford had achieved eminence above every other seat of learning, and won the praises of popes, kings and sages by virtue of its antiquity, curriculum, doctrine and privileges. In 1355, Edward III paid tribute to the University for its invaluable contribution to learning; he also commented on the services rendered to the state by distinguished Oxford graduates.

Oxford early became a centre for lively controversy, with scholars involved in religious and political disputes. John Wyclif, a 14th-century Master of Balliol, campaigned for a bible in the vernacular, against the wishes of the papacy. In 1530, Henry VIII forced the University to accept his divorce from Catherine of Aragon. During the Reformation in the 16th century, the Anglican churchmen Cranmer, Latimer and Ridley were tried for heresy and burnt at the stake in Oxford. The University was Royalist in the Civil War, and Charles I held a counter-Parliament in Convocation House.

In the late 17th century, the Oxford philosopher John Locke, suspected of treason, was forced to flee the country. The 18th century, when Oxford was said to have forsaken port for politics, was also an era of scientific discovery and religious revival.