III. Agree or disagree with the statements:

1. The North Atlantic Treaty was signed on 4 April 1949.

2. For its first few years, NATO was not much more than a political party.

3. The Chinese War galvanized the NATO member states, and an integrated military structure was built up.

4. The NATO integrated military structure was built up under the direction of two UK supreme commanders.

5. States hesitated over the credibility of the NATO defense against a prospective Soviet invasion.

6. The fall of the Berlin Wall took place in the late 1980s.

7. Involvement into the Balkans culminated with several former Warsaw Pact states joining the alliance in 1999 and 2004.

8. The Berlin Plus agreement is an agreement made between NATO and the EU countries.

9. The EU wasn’t allowed to use NATO assets in case it wanted to act independently in an international crisis until 2002.

10. The combined military spending of all NATO members constitutes over 17% of the world's defense spending.

IV. Answer the questions:

1. What is the full name of NATO?

2. What was the first NATO’s goal according to the first NATO Secretary General Lord Ismay?

3. What did states think about NATO’s ability to protect?

4. Why was France withdrawn from NATO’s military structure?

5. What happened to NATO after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack?

V. Match the first part of the sentence (1-5) with the second one (a-e).

1	NATO has attempted	a	a system of collective defense.
2	The combined military spending of all NATO members	b	is a military alliance.
3	For its first few years,	c	constitutes over 70% of the world's defense spending.
4	The organization constitutes	d	to refocus itself to new challenges.
5	The North Atlantic Treaty Organization	e	NATO was not much more than a political association.

VI. Make up a plan of the text.

VII. Retell the text in a written form (in English or Ukrainian). Text 65. History of the un

I. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:

To prevent – запобігти, allies – союзники, a stanza – рядок, pilgrimage – паломництво, to pledge – поручитися, axis – вісь, to espouse – підтримувати.

II. Listen to the text: History of the un

The United Nations was founded as a successor to the League of Nations, which was widely considered to have been ineffective in its role as an international governing body, in that it had been unable to prevent World War II.

The term “United Nations” (which appears in stanza 35 of Canto III of Byron's Childe Harold's Pilgrimage) was decided by Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill during World War II, to refer to the Allies. Its first formal use was in the 1 January 1942 Declaration by the United Nations, which committed the Allies to the principles of the Atlantic Charter and pledged them not to seek a separate peace with the Axis powers. Thereafter, the Allies used the term "United Nations Fighting Forces" to refer to their alliance.

The idea for the UN was espoused in declarations signed at the wartime allied conferences in Moscow, Cairo, and Tehran in 1943. From August to October 1944, representatives of France, the Republic of China, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union met to elaborate the plans at the Dumbarton Oaks Estate in Washington, D.C. Those and later talks produced proposals outlining the purposes of the organization, its membership and organs, and arrangements to maintain international peace and security and international economic and social cooperation.

On 25 April 1945, the UN Conference on International Organization began in San Francisco. In addition to the governments, a number of non-governmental organizations were invited to assist in drafting the charter. The 50 nations represented at the conference signed the Charter of the United Nations two months later on 26 June. Poland had not been represented at the conference, but a place had been reserved for it among the original signatories, and it added its name later. The UN came into existence on 24 October 1945, after the Charter had been ratified by the five permanent members of the UN Security Council — the Republic of China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States — and by a majority of the other 46 signatories. These countries are the permanent members of the Security Council, and have veto power on any Security Council resolution, reflects that they are the main victors of World War II or their successor states: the People's Republic of China replaced the Republic of China in 1971 and Russia replaced the Soviet Union in 1991.

Initially, the body was known as the United Nations Organization, or UNO. However, by the 1950s, English speakers were referring to it as the United Nations, or the UN.