- •1. Before you read the text, look at the words in the box and tick the ones you know. Consult the others in the dictionary.
- •2. Match the equivalents:
- •3. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •Vocabulary practice
- •5. Fill in the correct word from the box:
- •6. Give the English equivalents to the Russian words:
- •3. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Decide whether these statements are true or false? Correct the wrong ones.
- •1. Translate the following words and memorize them:
- •2. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:
- •3. Answer the following questions:
- •4. Match the beginning with the ending:
- •3. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow: Asphalt – an Ancient Constructional Material
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Build derivatives from the words below and translate them:
- •6. Match the following words with their synonyms:
- •7. Put the correct forms of the words into the sentences:
- •8. Translate from Russian into English:
- •9. Read the text and choose the right statement:
- •1. Translate the following words and memorize them:
- •2. Match the equivalents:
- •3. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:
- •3. Answer the following questions:
- •Vocabulary practice
- •6. Choose the right translation of the word:
- •5. Read the following words paying attention to the stress and translate them:
- •6. Complete the table. Try to remember what the following words mean:
- •1. The following unit is devoted to planning, so what do you think?
- •2. Translate the following words and memorize them:
- •3. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents:
- •4. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:
- •5. Decide whether these statements are true or false:
- •Vocabulary practice
- •6. Choose the right translation of the word:
- •7. Fill in the correct word from the box:
- •8. Match the terms with their definitions:
- •9. Arrange the synonyms in pairs:
- •10. Form nouns from the following verbs and translate them:
- •11. Translate the following sentences into English:
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •Vocabulary practice
- •5. Choose the right translation of the word:
- •6. Match the words with their definitions:
- •7. Find synonyms to the following words in the text:
- •8. Define the part of speech of the following words:
- •9. Translate the following groups of words into Russian:
- •10. Choose the appropriate preposition:
- •11. Write a short summary of the text. You may use the following clichés:
- •1. Translate the following words and memorize them:
- •2. Match the equivalents.
- •3. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:
- •3. Answer the following questions:
- •4. Complete the sentences using the text:
- •5. Arrange the synonyms in pairs:
- •6. Give the derivatives of the following words (adjectives, adverbs, nouns, verbs) and translate them:
- •7. Fill in the correct prepositions:
- •8. Fill in the blanks using the words below and translate the text:
- •9. Put the words in the right order to make up sentences.
- •10. Translate from Russian into English:
- •11. Write a short summary of the text. You may use the following clichés:
- •1. Before you read the article, check the meaning of these words and phrases and memorize them.
- •2. Match the equivalents:
- •3. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •Vocabulary practice
- •5. Choose the right translation of the word:
- •6. Fill in the blanks using the words below and translate the sentences:
- •7. Arrange the words according to their part of speech:
- •13. Speak about:
- •1. Translate the following words and memorize them:
- •2. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents:
- •3. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Complete the following sentences:
- •Vocabulary practice
- •6. Fill in the blanks using the words below and translate the sentences:
- •12. Translate from Russian into English.
- •3. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Decide whether these statements are true or false:
- •Vocabulary practice
- •6. Choose the right translation of the word:
- •7. Match the words with their definitions:
- •8. Choose the right verb:
- •3. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •Vocabulary practice
- •5. Choose the right translation of the word:
- •6. Match the words in a with an appropriate ending in b:
- •7. Fill in the blanks using the words below and translate the sentences:
- •Unit XII. Road junctions and intersections
- •3. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Choose the best variant to complete the sentences:
- •Vocabulary practice
- •6. Choose the right translation of the word in bold:
- •7. Read the text in 2 minutes and answer the question:
- •8. Match the equivalents:
- •9. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:
- •10. Group the following sentences according to the topics:
- •11. Match the sentences with the paragraphs of the text. Put them in order according to the text:
- •12. Speak about traffic control using the following clichés:
- •1. Translate the following words and memorize them:
- •2. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:
- •3. Say if the following statements are true or false:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. What do you think?
- •6. Insert antonyms:
- •Vocabulary practice
- •7. Fill in the missing words from the list:
- •8. Choose the right variant.
- •9. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:
- •10. Answer the following questions which will help you to make a summary of the text:
- •Supplementary reading main types of pavement
- •Pan american highway
- •Kinds of roads and highways (in America)
- •Floating road makes flooded areas passable
- •Silence is golden
- •Roads of belarus
- •Grammar focus
- •1. State the function of the verb “to be” in the following sentences and translate them:
- •2. State the function of the verb “to do” in the following sentences and translate them:
- •3. State the function of the verb “to have” in the following sentences and translate them:
- •4. Remember the function of “it”. Read and translate the following sentences:
- •5. Define the function of one (ones) and translate these sentences:
- •6. Pay attention to the words “only”, “the only”, “some”, “the same” and translate the following phrases:
- •7. Choose the right preposition and translate the sentences:
- •8. Give the appropriate degrees of comparison of the following adjectives and adverbs:
- •9. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the suffix “-er”:
- •10. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the modal verbs:
- •11. Choose the correct modal verb:
- •12. Define the part of speech of the underlined words and translate these sentences:
- •13. Define the part of speech of the underlined words and translate these sentences:
- •14. Find the verb in the Passive Voice:
- •15. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the predicates in the Passive Voice with prepositions:
- •17. Choose the best variant:
- •18. Use the correct tense-forms of the verbs in brackets:
- •19. Define the functions of the Participle and translate these sentences:
- •20. Point out the sentences with the Participle as:
- •21. Choose the best variant of translation for the underlined Participles:
- •22. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the words with the ending “-ed”:
- •23. Choose the right variant of the Participle:
- •24. Choose the right translation of the words given in the brackets:
- •25. Define the Absolute Participle Construction in the following sentences and translate them:
- •26. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the function of the Gerund:
- •27. Choose the sentences that have the Gerund:
- •28. Define the part of the speech of the underlined words (Participle or Gerund) and translate the sentences:
- •29. Translate into Russian and define the function of the Infinitive:
- •30. Read and translate the sentences with the Complex Subject:
- •31. Translate into English using the Complex Subject:
- •32. Read and translate the sentences with the Complex Object:
- •Vocabulary terms used
- •In highway engineering
- •Сокращения
- •References
4. Answer the following questions:
1. What are the most dangerous spots in a road system?
2. What problems are connected with the problems of reducing danger of these points?
3. How can complete segregation of different classes of traffic be achieved?
4. What types of road junctions do you know?
5. What does the success of a junction depend on?
6. What can you say about the angle of approach of converging streams of traffic?
7. Where have flyover-junctions been developed?
5. Choose the best variant to complete the sentences:
1. There is a danger of collision between vehicles of the same class and those of different classes if...
a) ...there is no need for drivers to cross traffic streams;
b) ...there is a clover-leaf junction;
c) ...all classes of traffic meet at the same level at intersections.
2. Multi-level intersections are adopted when...
a) ...only a small percentage of traffic travels on a through road;
b) ...the traffic must cross the street necessarily dropping speed;
c) ...the major volume of traffic is travelling on a fast through route without dropping speed when passing the junctions.
3. A roundabout is considered successful if...
a) ...the angle of approach of converging streams of traffic is very large; b) ...the vehicles using it can easily reach different exits as directly as possible passing smoothly from one traffic lane to another at a small angle of convergence;
c) ...the road for the vehicles to pass from one traffic lane to another is too short.
4. Flyover junctions are not very widely used as...
a) ...they do not enable high speeds to be maintained;
b) ...they cost ten times as much as a roundabout and are designed for roads where pedestrians and cyclists are excluded;
c) ...they are manageable only on roads which accommodate pedestrians and pedal cyclists.
Vocabulary practice
6. Choose the right translation of the word in bold:
1. perfect example a) совершенный b) идеальный c) законченный
2. to pass from one lane to another a) передавать b)проезжать c) обгонять; двигаться; переходить
3. to maintain high speeds a) обслуживать b)ремонтировать c) сохранять
4. ten times as much as a roundabout a) время, раз b) сколько c) так же много, как, столько же, больше
5. to be of great value a) математическая величина b) ценность, значение c) стоимость
Follow up activity
7. Read the text in 2 minutes and answer the question:
How can the problem of safety be solved?
Roads appeared in the far-off times and were first in the form of pedestrian tracks. Then, as civilization progressed, they became routes along which horse-drawn traffic and finally vehicles moved.
Roads have always had a dual function: as traffic routes and as a means of approach to dwellings and other buildings. But since the growth of transport these functions have been seriously in conflict with each other. Today this conflict is extremely great and leads to great danger.
Any town so planned that its citizens are killed in great numbers is an ill-planned town. The layout of all newly developed areas must be made dependent on the safety factor. Pedestrians and fast motor traffic will never and can never mix - they must be isolated.
Pre-reading task 2