10. Group the following sentences according to the topics:

A. The problems created by motor traffic growth.

B. Ways of solving the traffic congestion problem.

C. Advantages of a one-way traffic scheme.

1. A great intensity of traffic makes it necessary to lower the average speed of vehicles. 2. The problem of avoiding traffic congestion is one of the most important. 3. Under conditions of continuous flow on intersecting streets a properly designed one-way scheme can double the carrying capacity of the highways. 4. The extraordinary growth of motor traffic has created traffic difficulties demanding new designs and planning. 5. Roundabouts, streetwidening and the segregation of traffic by means of flyover roads, pedestrian subways, underpasses are possible solutions of the congestion problem though they are costly and demand space. 6. A special kind of directional control—one-way traffic—obviates the necessity for traffic streams to cut across each other. 7. Narrow streets and junctions are incapable of taking peak-hour traffic. 8. Directing the traffic stream to less important streets may improve both the through and local traffic. 9. With the carriageway width inadequate for two opposing lines of traffic a one-way scheme is advantageous though it increases the distance travelled by vehicles.

11. Match the sentences with the paragraphs of the text. Put them in order according to the text:

1. The importance of signs in the control of direction choice.

2. The advantage of having one-way streets.

3. Segregation of different types of traffic is an ideal not easy to achieve.

4. The necessity of introducing grade separation.

5. The roads where congestion in town takes place.

6. The danger of having street intersections.

7. Drivers themselves may bring about congestion.

8. The disadvantages of one-way traffic.

Speaking

12. Speak about traffic control using the following clichés:

This text deals with …

The author pays great attention to the …

Advantages and disadvantages of the … are discussed.

UNIT XIII. ROADS: ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT

Pre-reading tasks

1. Translate the following words and memorize them:

jam crash to avoid curse accident

advertisement wealth to crowd to injure to implement

Reading task 1

2. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:

The M25, the motorway around London, opened in 1986. Today people call it the biggest car park in Europe. Every morning on the radio we hear about jams, and road repairs, and crashes, and which parts of the M25to avoid. One day soon we will hear. 'There is a traffic jam all the way round the M25 in both directions. If you are driving to work, we advise you to go back home.

Winston Churchill described the car as the curse of the twentieth century. This will probably be true of the next century, too. It can be very funny to compare advertisements for cars with the reality of driving them. Cars are symbols of freedom, wealth, and masculinity. But when you are stuck in a traffic jam, all cars are just little metal boxes to sit in.

Cities and towns all over the world have a huge problem, and no government really knows what to do. For once it is not a matter of technology which is stopping us. If we want to build two-level roads, we can do it. If we want trains which can travel at hundreds of miles an hour, we can build them.

The people who believe in roads say that cars represent a personal choice to travel when and where you want to. But on trains and buses - public transport - you have to travel when the timetable says you can. These people think that if you build more roads, the traffic will move more quickly, but research, shows that if there are more roads, there will be more cars to fill them.

By 2010, the number of cars on our roads will double. Environmentalists are saying that we should put more money into public transport. Cars often carry just one person. If the public transport system works, more people will use it. If trains carry more people the roads won't be so crowded, and car: pollute the air more than trains.

One characteristic of the people of the twentieth century is that we are a race on the move. But it is just possible that soon we won't be able to move another inch, and well have to stay exactly where we are!

5000 people a year are killed on British roads, and 40000 are injured. For children road accidents are a major cause of death.

By 2025, just to park all the cars in Britain will need an area larger than London.

Comprehension Check