VI. Use the verbs given in brackets in the Present Indefinite or the Present Continuous tenses

1. Why you (to work) so fast today? You usually (to walk) quite slowly. - I (to hurry), I am afraid to miss the train. 2. Cuckoos (not to build) nests. They (to use) the nests of other birds. 3. I always (to buy) lottery tickets but I seldom (to win). 4. You can’t have the book now because my brother (to read) it. 5. Some people (to do) everything with their left hand. 6. Who (to make) the terrible noise? - It’s my son. 7. How you (to feel)? 8. Switch on the light. It (to get) dark. 9. You (to understand) the rule? 10. The sun (to set) late in summer. 11. What you (to look for) ? - We (to look for) our grandmother spectacles. 12. I (not to know) what he (to want). 13. What time she (to come) here as a rule? 14. Look, snow still (to fall). 15. It often (to rain) in October.

VII. Translate the following sentences into English. Pay attention to the use of the Present Continuous to express an action in the near future.

1. Ми зараз дуже заклопотані, оскільки ми від’їжджаємо завтра. 2. Поїзди відходять і прибувають через 5 хвилин. 3. Делегація англійських вчителів прилітає (to arrive by plane) сьогодні ввечері до Києва. 4. Моя сестра приїжджає в суботу. Я мушу її зустріти. 5. В понеділок я складаю іспит з історії Англії. 6. Студенти складають екзамени два рази на рік. 7. Моя подруга влаштовує сьогодні вечірку. 8. Коли вони влаштовують вечірку, вони, як правило, запрошують всю нашу родину.

VIII. Translate into English using the Present Indefinite or the Present Continuous:

1. Студенти складають екзамени. Не здіймайте галасу в коридорі. 2. Ви чуєте шум у коридорі? 3. Зачекайте хвилину, вони зараз вечеряють. 4. Послухайте, в сусідній кімнаті хтось плаче. 5. Восени птахи відлітають до теплих країн, а весною повертаються знову. 6. Кого ти чекаєш? - Я чекаю свою подругу. 7. Маленькі діти їдять 4-5 разів на день. 8. Кажуть, що він повертається завтра.

IX. Make these sentences negative and interrogative

1. Ann was going home. 2. It was raining all day yesterday. 3. I was staying in Kyiv in summer. 4. I was reading a book when my friend came. 5. They were writing a letter at six. 6. I was having dinner at that time. 7. We were coming home.

X. Use the Past Continuous instead of the infinitive in brackets:

1. He (to sit) in a cafe when I saw him. 2. The two men (to discuss) something when I interrupted them. 3. She (to go) to the plant when I met her. 4. I (to write) a letter when you phoned me yesterday. 5. What you (to do) when he came? 6. I (to swim) when I saw a boat. 7. She (to cook dinner) when I came in.

XI. Translate the following:

1. Вчора ввечері йшов дощ, тому я залишився вдома. 2. Він телефонував мені, коли ми вечеряли. 3. Сонце сідало за гори, коли я підійшов до села. 4. Петро питав, коли я ввійшов. 5. Я не працював увечері. 6. Ми розмовляли про Джіммі, коли він вбіг до кімнати. 7. Елісон та Енні розмовляли на східцях.

XII. Make these sentences negative and interrogative:

1. We shall be waiting for you at the cinema the whole day long. 2. He will be writing a text at 10 o’clock. 3. It will be raining all day. 4. He will be delivering a lecture from 5 to 6. 5. The students will be working in the laboratory at 12. 6. I shall be teaching her to skate from 6 to 7. 7. We shall be passing our examination tomorrow at 12.

XIII. Use the Future Continuous instead of the infinitive in brackets:

1. You (to do) your homework at 5 o’clock. 2. Where the man (to sit) at that time? 3. What he (to do)? 4. The sun (to shine) at noon. 5. We (to translate) this text from 5 to 6. 6. What you (to do) tomorrow at 6? 7. We (to play) tennis the whole morning tomorrow.

XIV. Translate the following:

1. Коли ви прийдете до мене, я буду працювати в лабораторії. 2. Я буду відпочивати в цей час. 3. Він гратиме в шахи з 8 до 9. 4. Ми будемо чекати на вас весь вечір. 5. В неділю о п’ятій годині я допоможу вам.

XV. Use the Past Continuous or the Future Continuous instead of the Infinitives in brackets:

1. When I got back they (to have) supper. 2. When I get back they (to have) supper. 3. At ten o’clock he still (to sleep), and we had to wake him. 4. Don’t come at ten, I’m sure he still (to sleep). 5. I was late for the meeting. When I entered they (to discuss) what slogans to make for the demonstration. 6. We (to wait) for you at the metro station. Don’t be late. 7. I always prepare my lessons in the morning; so tomorrow morning I (to do) the same. 8. Can you tell me what you (to do) at eight o’clock? I couldn’t get you on the tomorrow.

Unit 7

Topic: British economy

Grammar: The Perfect Tenses

I. Read the following words:

manufactured, employed, agriculture, mining, building, provide, natural, resources, richly, cultivation, sheep breeding, pig raising, soil, fertile, quality, expensive, characteristic, semi-finished, cheap, mostly, precision, equipment, chemicals, woollen, leather, synthetic, original, coal mining, iron steel, engineering, particularly, aircraft, automobile, atomic, reactor, emphasis.

II. Read and translate the following text:

British Economy

The United Kingdom is one of the world’s largest exporters of manufactured goods per head of population. For every person employed in agriculture eleven people are employed in mining, manufacturing and building.

Apart from coal and iron ore Britain has very few natural resources. Its agriculture provides only half the food it needs. Most of if the raw materials such as oil and various metals (copper zinc, uranium ore and others) have to be imported. Britain also has to import timber, cotton, fruit and farm products.

Britain used to be richly forested, but most of the forests were cut down to make more room for cultivation. The greater part of land is used for cattle and sheep breeding, and pig raising. Among the crops grown on the farms are wheat, barley and oats. The fields are mainly in the eastern part of the country. Most of the farms are small. Farms tend to be bigger where the soil is less fertile.

Britain produces high quality expensive goods, which has always been characteristic of its industry. A shortage of raw materials, as well as the high cost of production makes it unprofitable for British industry to produce semi-finished goods or cheap articles. Britain mostly produces articles, requiring skilled labour, precision instruments, chemicals. Britain high quality consumer goods and articles made of various kinds of synthetic (man-made) materials.

The original basis of British industry was coal mining, and the early factories grew up not far from the main mining areas.

Glasgow and Newcastle became great centres of engineering and shipbuilding . Lancashire produced cotton goods and Yorkshire woollens, with Sheffield concentrating on iron and steel. Birmingham developed light engineering. There appeared a tendency for industry and population to move to the south, particularly to the London area. Britain’s industry is now widely dispersed. Great progress was made in the development of new industries, such as the aircraft, automobile, electronic industries and others. A number of atomic power reactors were made.

Great emphasis was made on the development of the war industry.