Дієслово to be у минулому часі (Past Indefinite Tense)

Стверджувальна форма	Питальна форма	Заперечна форма
was were	Was? Were?	was (wasn’t) were(weren’t)

Дієслово to be у майбутньому часі (Future Indefinite Tense)

Стверджувальна форма	Питальна форма	Заперечна форма
I shall be will be We shall be will be	Shall I be? Willbe? Shall we be? Willbe?	I shall not (shan’t) be will not (won’t) be We shall not (shan’t) be will not (won’t) be

The Present Indefinite Tense

Affirmative Negative

I work I don’t work

You work You don’t work

He works He doesn’t work

She works

It works Interrogative

We work Do I work?

You work Does he (she) work?

They work

Exercise 1 Put the following sentences into the singular form:

Model: They speak German.

He speaks German.

1. They do their shopping every day. 2. My friends spend their holidays in the Crimea every year. 3. My neighbours work in Kyiv, they go there by train. 4. The students write their reports and make them orally in class. 5. Both friends generally go to the gym twice a week. 6. These students go to class every day. They stay at the Institute till 4 o’clock. After that they go home.

Exercise 2 Make these sentences negative:

Model: My office is far. – My office isn’t far.

He wakes up early. – He doesn’t wake up early.

1. She uses her glasses for reading. 2. We eat our breakfast in a hurry. 3. They want to see their new house. 4. The weather is generally good at this time of the year. 5. I like my new car. 6. My home is near the corner. 7. She understands English well. 8. It is useful to write exercises. 9. They open all the windows when they go away. 10. He is my best friend.

Exercise 3 Put the verb “to be” into Present Indefinite.

1. What … your address? – My address … 175 Grand Central Parkway. 2. Where … you from? – I … from New York. 3. ... they at home? – No, they … not at home. 4. … you an engineer? – Yes, I … . 5. Where … you? – I … in the kitchen. 6. It … ten o’clock. She … late again. 7. What …the time, please? – Two o’clock. 8. The game … not worth the candle. 9. Two heads … better than one. 10. Coffee … very expensive this week. 11. What … the weather forecast for tomorrow? 12. Art … long, life … short. 13. You … the best friend I’ve ever had.

Exercise 4 Ask questions about the subject or attribute.

Model: 1. My sister often goes to the pictures. (Who?)

Who often goes to the pictures?

2. Their friends speak English well. (Whose?)

Whose friends speak English well?

1. Bad students never work hard. (What?)

2. We listen to the news in the evening. (Who?)

3. My parents usually spend their holiday at the sea side. (Whose?)

4. His wife goes to the office in the morning. (Who?)

5. My friend learns French. (Whose?)

6. They watch television every evening. (Who?)

7. Students frequently make mistakes in the use of tenses. (Who?)

Exercise 5 Form special questions:

Model: They love to go to the pictures. (Where?)

Where do they love to go?

1. The Smiths live in that white house. (Where?)

2. These men go to town every day. (How often?)

3. Mary does her work quickly. (How?)

4. She travels a lot in summer. (What?)

5. Mother wakes him up at seven o’clock. (When?)

6. They want to buy some toys for their children. (For whom?)

7. We always do English on Mondays. (On what days?)

8. I like that green hat best. (Which?)

9. The book costs two dollars. (How much?)

10. She reads much because she wants to know the language. (Why?)

Exercise 6 Give a negative ending to the sentence according to the

model:

Model: Gim speaks German … (Polish).

Gim speaks German, but he doesn’t speak Polish.

1. Mr. Cook writes newspaper reports … (book).

2. Grandmother does all the cooking … (the shopping).

3. Brian drives a motor-cycle … (a car).

4. My sister plays tennis, … (basketball).

5. I like serious music … (jazz).

6. These workers build blocks of flats, … (factories).

Exercise 7 Agree with the following statements.

Model: 1.She wants to go to the pictures. – So she does.

2. Mike is a good student. – Yes, he is.

1. He knows English well. So … . 2. My wife likes to play the piano. So … . 3. The dress looks well. Yes, … . 4. This picture is very beautiful. Yes, … . 5. My wife is very fond of music. So … . 6. Under the window there is a radiator. Yes, … . 7. Dick is an inventor. So … . 8. This man lives next door to me. Yes, ... .

Exercise 8 Put the verbs in brackets into Present Indefinite.

1. Anything that he (to say) (to be) worth listening to. 2. Our friends (to live) in a house that (to stand) on a hill that (to overlook) the Dnipro which (to be) so beautiful. 3. What this sentence (to mean)? 4. Nick (to be) one of the cleverest boys that we (to have). 5. My working day (to begin) at seven o’clock. 6. It usually (to take) me fifteen minutes to get to work. 7. My father and I (to leave) home very early. He (to take) a bus to his factory, I (to go) on foot. 8. Jane (to be) fond of sports. 9. She (to do) her morning exercises every day. 10. For breakfast she (to have) two eggs and a cup of tea. 11. He normally (not to have) breakfast. 12. What time Andrea usually (to get) up? 13. When she (to catch) the bus? 14. She (to take) a shower in the morning? 15. When she (to go) swimming? 16. How she (to get) to the pool? 17. What she (to do) on Saturday evenings?

Exercise 9 Translate into English.

1. Я студент. Я з України. 2. Ти також студент? – Так. Де ти навчаєшся? – В університеті. 3. Моя сестра вдома, а де твоя сестра? 4. Це моя сумка. В ній багато олівців. 5. Ми працюємо, а вона – ні. 6. Мій брат не навчається. Він працює. 7. Коли у тебе наступні канікули? – В січні. 8. Мій дядя – інженер. Його робочий тиждень починається рано вранці. Він встає о сьомій годині, вмивається, одягається і снідає. Після сніданку він іде на роботу. 9. Ти інженер. 10. Ви інженери. 11. Він хворіє, а ти не хворієш? – Ні, я не хворію.

The Past Indefinite Tense

Affirmative Negative

I worked I didn’t work

You worked You didn’t work

He worked He didn’t work

She worked Interrogative

It worked Did I work?

We worked Did you work?

You worked Did he work?

They worked

Exercise 1 Put the verb “to be” in Past Indefinite.

My aunt … very depressed last Sunday. The weather … terrible. It … cold and rainy. Her husband … not at home. He … at hospital because he … sick. Her children … not at school. They … not in the yard, they … in the living room. The TV … broken. The children … not only upset, they … very angry. The neighbors … not happy because her children … too noisy and their house … not clean. There ... dirty dishes on the kitchen table and in the sink. There … not even bread in the house. The aunt … tired and hungry.

Exercise 2 Put the sentences into the interrogative form:

Model: He learned English at school. (Where?)

Where did he learn English?

1. It rained heavily during the night. (When?)

2. We had supper at 8 o’clock. (What time?)

3. I drank two cups of coffee. (How much?)

4. He wrote three letters last night. (How many?)

5. My sister read a book yesterday. (What?)

6. They took a plane because it was faster than a train. (Who?)

7. I used Kate’s book. (Whose?)

8. They traveled by sea. (How?)

9. He stayed in London only for two days. (How long?)

Exercise 3 Answer negatively.

Model: Did you take my pencil? (No / your pen)

No, I didn’t I took your pen.

1. Did you have coffee for dinner? (No / tea)

2. Did they eat meat at supper? (No / fish)

3. Did she go by car? (No / by train)

4. Did they read Byron in class? (No / Shelly)

5. Did Mother buy any apples? (No / oranges)

6. Did you swim in the river? (No / in the lake)

7. Did they find her at home? (No / in the library)

8. Did he leave his bicycle in the yard? (No / in the garden)

9. Did you meet her on Monday? (No / on Friday)

10. Did you send Polly to aunt Kate? (No / to Uncle Jack)

Exercise 4 Change the place of the direct and the indirect.

Model: 1. He lent me a book. He lent a book to me.

2. She bought me a tie. She bought a tie for me.

1. He sent his mother a present.

2. She handed me the prize.

3. We bought her this bunch of flowers.

4. She showed her friend her new flat.

5. He gave me some advice.

6. He wrote me a long letter.

Exercise 5 Write the text in the Past Indefinite Tense. Retell it.

On Tuesday I get up at half past six. I jump out of bed and run to the bathroom where I wash my face and hands and clean my teeth. Then I dress, go to the kitchen and cook breakfast for my family. My brother gets up when it is already quite light and he has just time to take a cold shower and drink a glass of tea with bread and butter. He is in a hurry to catch the eight o’clock bus. He has five lessons at school. The first lesson is Ukrainian. At this lesson the pupils write a dictation and do some exercises. Nick goes to the blackboard and answers well. I don’t work in the morning. I work in the afternoon and in the evening I am at home. We watch TV, read newspapers and do some work about the house.

Exercise 6 Use the Past Indefinite Tense:

1. What your neighbors (to do) yesterday? 2. Her brothers (to shout) at her. 3. She (to bake) a delicious apple pie. 4. I (not to drink) coffee in the morning. 5. I (to go) to the library and (to take) a book. 6. I (to be) the captain of the tennis team last year. 7. They (to be) there less that nine months ago. 8. He (to come) to see me the day before yesterday. 9. I (to see) a light in your house as I (to pass). 10. When Andrew (to return) home he (to meet) John, (to look) at him, (to stand) for a moment, (to turn) and (to go) away.

Exercise 7 Use Present or Past Indefinite:

1. His sister (to study) English every day. 2. She (to study) English two hours ago. 3. You (to come) home at six o’clock yesterday? – No, I … . Yesterday I (to come) home at seven. I (to be) very tired. I (to have) dinner with my family. After dinner I (to be) very thirsty. I (to drink) two cups of tea. Then I (to rest). 4. I (to go) to bed at ten o’clock every day. 5. I (not to have) history lessons every day. 6. We (not to rest) yesterday. 7. My mother always (to take) a bus to get to work, but yesterday she (not to take) a bus, she (to walk) to her office. 8. You (to talk) to the members of your family every day? – Yes, I … . But yesterday I (not to talk) to them: I (to be) very busy yesterday. 9. Your sister (to go) to school every day? – Yes, she … . 10. Mary (to like) writing stories. 11. Last week she (to write) a funny story about her pet. 12. We (to like) to go to the beach. We (to enjoy) swimming in the ocean last weekend.

Exercise 8 Use Present or Past Indefinite.

1. Tom always (to eat) breakfast. 2. Yesterday he (not to eat) breakfast because he (to get) up late. 3. We (to like) to cook but we (not to like) to wash the dishes. 4. He never (to shout) at his students. He (to be) a wonderful teacher, I remember. 5. My friend (to know) French very well. 6. Who (to ring) you up an hour ago? 7. He (to live) on the third floor. 8. It (to take) you long to find his house yesterday? 9. When your lessons (to be) over on Monday? 10. I (not to have) dinner with my family yesterday. 11. You always (to get) up at seven o’clock? – No, sometimes I (to get) up at half past seven. 12. Who (to paint) the world-known picture “Mona Lisa”? 13. Steven’s friends (to come) to his birthday party last night and (to give) him wonderful presents. His parents (to cook) a special dinner for him. His girlfriend (to promise) to come, but she (not to be) there. He (to try) to phone. He (to be) really upset. Only she (not to wish) him a Happy Birthday.

Exercise 9 Translate into English:

1. Я зустріла його завдяки своїм батькам. 2. Я не бачила її, коли була у Києві. 3. Що з вами учора трапилось? 4. Вони повернулись додому о 6 годині ранку. 5. Чому ви вчасно не прийшли на лекцію? 6. Коли ви почали вивчати англійську мову? 7. Вона сіла в автобус чи в машину? 8. Погода була чудова. Було тепло і сонячно. 9. Мої діти були у школі, а чоловік – на роботі. 10. Я була у саду. Там було багато красивих квітів. Це було у травні. Я була щаслива.

The Future Indefinite Tense

Affirmative Negative

I shall work I shan’t work

You will work You won’t work

He will work He won’t work

She will work

It will work Interrogative

We shall work Shall I work?

You will work Will he work?

They will work Will you work?

Exercise 1 Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Indefi-

nite Tense.

1. I (to know) the result in a week. 2. You (to be) in Kyiv tonight? 3. You (to have) time to help me tomorrow. 4. I want to get a medical checkup. I (to go) to my doctor tomorrow. 5. He (to give) you the article if you ask him. 6. I am sure that you (to like) our new house. 7. You (to need) a visa if you are going to England. 8. It (to rain). Look at those clouds. 9. I (not to stay) here another minute. 10. I (to stop) here for a moment to get some petrol. 11. Your brother (to go) to the exhibition next Sunday? 12. We (to go) to the zoo tomorrow? 13. If you translate this article into English, I (to use) it in my report. 14. I (to be able) to translate this article if you give me a dictionary.

Exercise 2 Use “to be going” + Indefinite form in the following sen-

tences.

Model: I’ll see you tomorrow.

I’m going to see you tomorrow.

1. We shall choose some new books in this shop. 2. I shall have holidays in winter. 3. Will you order lunch for two? 4. He’ll show you round the campus. 5. She’ll be married in spring. 6. I won’t be present at the party. 7. Will he go to the airport soon? 8. She will buy a return ticket to Glasgow.

Exercise 3 Write down the answers to the following questions using the

word combinations in brackets as in the model:

Model: What will you do when you have spare time? (to go to the cinema)

When I have spare time I shall go to the cinema.

1. What will you do if you get a new flat? (to buy a set of furniture)

2. What will she do when she graduates from the University? (to work at a plant)

3. Where will they live when they get married? (in London)

4. What will you do after you pass the exams? (to go to a concert)

5. What will he do if his TV-set is out of order? (to buy a new one)

6. What will she do if she doesn’t find them at home? (to ring them up later on)

Exercise 4 Read the dialogues and learn them by heart.

1) I’ll be happy to show you round my Я буду щасливий показати

city. тобі моє місто.

That’ll be nice of you. Це буде люб’язно з твого боку

2) What about a cup of tea? А як щодо чаю?

Yes, that would be nice. Так, це було б добре.

I’ll go and put the kettle on. Я піду поставлю чайник.

You sit down. I’ll do it. Ти сиди, я це зроблю.

Where shall I put the cups? Куди поставити чашки?

On the little table, I think. Гадаю, на маленький стіл.

3) Where will I find you? Де я тебе знайду?

I’ll wait for you in the hall. Я почекаю тебе у холі.

Don’t be long. Не затримуйся.

I’ll come as soon as I can. Я прийду, як тільки зможу.

I don’t think I’ll be long. Не думаю, що дуже затрима-

юсь.

4) Do you want to go to the party Ти не хочеш піти зі мною на

with me? вечоринку?

Yes, I’d love to. Так, залюбки.

Where and when shall we meet? Де і коли ми зустрінемось?

At the entrance at 6 p.m. На вході о 6 годині вечора.

Does it suit you? Тебе це влаштовує?

Yes, certainly. – By the way, what Так, звичайно. – Між іншим,

did you do on the weekend? що ти робив у вихідні?

I went to see some friends and Я був у друзів і дивився телеві-

watched TV. зор.

Who was with you? Хто був з тобою?

My elder brother was. Мій старший брат.

What was the weather like? А яка була погода?

It was fine. Чудова.

I see. Зрозуміло.

Exercise 5 Translate into English:

1. Цікаво, коли вони повернуться? 2. Ви відразу впізнаєте його, як тільки побачите. 3. Я повідомлю йому цю новину, як тільки він сюди прийде. 4. Я не пам’ятаю, коли вони повернуться. 5. Якщо він запізниться, ми підемо без нього. 6. Якщо ви зразу не підете, ви запізнитесь на потяг. 7. Ви не будете знати англійської мови, поки не почнете багато працювати. 8. Як тільки я приїду додому, я обов’язково вам напишу. 9. Коли стемніє, ми включимо світло.

Revision of Present, Past, Future Indefinite Tenses

Exercise 1 Fill in the gaps, using the verb “to be”.

1. The students … in the History Museum. 2. Last month they … in Lviv. There … an interesting exhibition there. 3. In two weeks they … in our capital. They … lucky. 4. My father … a teacher. 5. He … a pupil twenty years ago. 6. I … a doctor when I grow up. 7. My sister … not … at home tomorrow. 8. She … at school tomorrow. 9. … you … at home tomorrow? 10. … your father at work yesterday? 11. My sister … ill last week. 12. She … not ill now. 13. Yesterday we … at the theatre. 14. Where … you yesterday? – I … at the cinema. 16. When I come home tomorrow, all my family … at home. 17. … your little sister in bed now? – Yes, she … . 18. … you … at the University tomorrow? – Yes, I … . 19. When my granny … young, she … an actress. 20. My friend … in Lviv now. 21. He … in London tomorrow. 22. Where … your books now? – They … in my bag.

Exercise 2 Put the verb “to be” into Present, Past and Future Indefinite.

Ronald Frank … a managing director. He … always on a business trip. Yesterday he … in Geneva. Tomorrow he … in London. Last week he … in Chicago. Next week he … in New Orleans. At the moment he … in Amsterdam. In two hours he … in Canada. Three days ago he … in Paris. At the end of the trip he … usually very tired but happy. He … with his family now. His sons … so much excited. They … glad to see father at home again.

Exercise 3 Translate into English:

1. Вони вчора були у бібліотеці. 2. Зараз вони в університеті. 3. Завтра вони поїдуть за місто. 4. На даний час його тут немає. 5. У неділю вони будуть на концерті. 6. Мій брат зараз на роботі. 7. Вчора він був у кіно зі своїм другом. 8. Завтра він буде вдома. 9. А ти будеш завтра вдома? 10. Він зараз на концерті? 11. Де папа? 12. Де ви були вчора? 13. Де він буде завтра? 14. Мої книги були на столі. Де вони зараз? 15. Моя мама не була вчора на роботі. Вона була вдома. 16. Мій друг не на стадіоні. Він у парку. 17. Коли твоя сестра буде вдома? 18. Минулого року Ольга була студенткою, а зараз вона лікар. – Ти також будеш лікарем? – Ні, я буду інженером. 19. Яка була погода два тижні тому? 20. Скоро погода буде кращою.

Exercise 4 Compare Present, Past, Future Indefinite:

1. I (to go) to bed at ten o’clock every day. 2. I (to go) to bed at 11 o’clock yesterday. 3. I (to go) to bed at 10 o’clock tomorrow. 4. I (not to go) to the cinema every day. 5. I (not to go) to the theatre yesterday. 6. I (not to go) to the party tomorrow. 7. You (to watch) TV every day? 8. You (to watch) TV yesterday? 9. You (to watch) TV tomorrow? 10. When you (to leave) home for work every day? 11. When you (to leave) home for work yesterday? 12. When you (to leave) home for work tomorrow? 13. My brother (to go) to work every day. He (to leave) home at a quarter past eight. As the office he (to work) at (to be) near our house, he (to walk) there. 14. You (to read) a new book yesterday? – No, I … . 15. What you (to buy) at the shop yesterday? – I (to buy) a book. 16. Yesterday my father (not to read) newspapers because he (to be) very busy. He (to read ) newspapers tomorrow.

Exercise 5 Put the verbs into the Present, Past or Future Indefinite Tense.

1. He (to turn) on the television to watch cartoons every morning. 2. He (to turn) on the television to watch cartoons yesterday morning. 3. He (to turn) on the television to watch cartoons tomorrow morning. 4. I always (to go) to the country to visit my relatives there. 5. I (to be) very busy last summer and I (not to go) there. 6. I (not to go) there next year because it (to cost) a lot of money and I can’t afford it. 7. They (to enjoy) themselves at the symphony yesterday evening? 8. Who (to take) care of the child in the future? 9. How often you (to go) to the dentist’s? 10. We (not to have) very good weather, but we still (to have) a good time during our short stay in London. 11. She (to do) all the washing in their house.12. He even (not to know) how to use the washing machine. 13. Two years ago they (to be) rich and money (to be) never a problem. 14. You (to think) you (to be) happy in your new family? 15. When the cabbage soup (to be) ready? 16. When (to be) your birthday? 17. When you (to get) your watch? 18. Who (to create) Mickey Mouse? 19. The customs officers at the airport (to arrest) that young man when he (to arrive).

Modal Verbs

can – could – to be able

(Здатність, можливість або дозвіл здійснити дію)

Can I have breakfast in my room? Можу я поснідати у себе в номері?

You can do it by phone. Ви можете зробити це по телефону.

I couldn't sleep last night. Я не міг спати минулої ночі.

may

(Дозвіл або припущення з невеликим ступенем впевненості)

May I have a word with you? Можна мені поговорити з вами?

It may rain Можливо, буде дощ.

must

(Зобов’язання або припущення з досить високим ступенем впевненості)

You must do it at once. Ви повинні зробити це зараз же.

She must be at home now. Вона, напевне, зараз вдома.

*May I take these papers? Можна мені взяти ці папери?

Yes, you may. – Так , можна. No, you mustn’t. – Ні, не можна.

Yes, you'd better. – Так, було б добре.

Must I do it at once? Чи повинен я зробити це відразу?

No, you needn't. – Ні, не потрібно. (Немає необхідності)

*Could може виразити прохання у ввічливій формі.

Could you spell your name, please? = Не могли б ви сказати

своє ім’я по літерам?

Модальні дієслова і їхні еквіваленти	Значення	Present	Past	Future
can	можливість, здібність здійснення дії	can	could	--
to be able (to)		am is able are (to)	was able were (to)	be shall able will (to)
may	можливість здійснення в залежності від дозволу чи імовірність	may	might
to be allowed (to)		am, is, are ↓ allowed (to)	was, were ↓ allowed (to)	shall, will ↓ be allowed (to)
must	необхідність здійснення дії	must	--	--
to have (to)	необхідність здійснення дії в залежності від обставин	have (to) has	had (to)	shall, will, ↓ have (to)
to be (to)	необхідність здійснення дії заздалегідь запланованої чи за домовленістю	am is (to) are	was (to) were	--

should	необхідність здійснення дії	should	--	--
ought (to)	моральна необхідність здійснення дії	ought (to)	--	--
to be obliged (to)	бути змушеним що-небудь зробити	Am, is, are obliged (to)	was, were obliged (to)	shall, will be obliged (to)

Exercise 1 Translate into Ukrainian:

1. His sister can speak German fluently 2. Her daughter is only five but she can already read. 3. Nick can swim fast. 4. I couldn’t come to your place yesterday. 5. Can Tom bring me his work? 6. She can’t play the piano. 7. Can you go to have dinner with me? – I’m sorry, I can’t. 8. I can sing, but I cannot dance. 9. Can’t you wait till tomorrow morning? – I can wait, but my toothache can’t. 10. He will be able to do it tomorrow. 11. He was able to do it yesterday. 12. He is able to do it now. 13. Cannot he help you?

Exercise 2 Fill in the gaps with can, can’t, could, to be able to.

1. Ann … speak English but she … speak French. 2. Mrs. White … draw but she … draw well. 3. I … visit you last week but I … to visit you next week. 4. I … do it for you, but I … do it now. 5. You … go to the park but you … go now. It’s snowing hard. 6. Mr. Brown … sing two years ago but he … to sing well soon.

Exercise 3 Translate into English:

1. Він ще не може читати такі складні книги, а ти можеш? 2. Я не міг перекласти текст без словника. 3. Він може купити вам декілька книг? – Думаю, що може. 4. Він зможе купити вам книги у найближчий час? 5. Я не можу закінчити цю роботу сьогодні. 6. Коли він приїхав до Лондону, він зміг спілкуватися без перекладача. 7. Вона могла добре співати у дитинстві. 8. Не може бути, щоб він так думав. 9. Не може бути, щоб він не вмів плавати. 10. Чи він вміє добре розмовляти англійською мовою?

may – might – to be allowed to

Exercise 1 Translate into Ukrainian:

1. You may take any book you like. 2. May I try on your hat? 3. Children may not play with matches. 4. May I have a smoke here? 5. May I open the window? 6. You may listen to music but not very loudly. 7. Mother said that we might go to the skating-rink. 8. The train may be late. 9. Revise these rules, you may make bad mistakes. 10. They are allowed to go to the cinema. 11. They were allowed to go to the cinema. 12. They will be allowed to go to the cinema. 13. She told him that he might go home. 14. I gave him the text-book so that he might learn his lesson. 15. He might be ill now, but I am not sure. 16. He might help you.

Exercise 2 Translate, using the verbs may, might:

1. Не йди з дому: мати може скоро прийти. 2. Він сказав мені бути вдома, бо мати могла скоро прийти. 3. Він може забути про це. 4. Будь обережним: ти можеш впасти. 5. Я думав, що можу дивитися телевізор. 6. Доктор сказав, що я вже можу гуляти. 7. Якщо хочете, ви можете йти зараз. 8. Де вони зараз живуть? – Вони, мабуть, і живуть зараз у старому домі, але я не дуже впевнений. 9. Може так бути, що він і знає її адресу. 10. Можливо, що вони і прийдуть сьогодні. 11. Можливо, вона тобі і допоможе.

Exercise 3 Translate, using to be allowed to.

1. Нам дозволяють залишитись вдома. 2. Нам дозволяли залишитись вдома. 3. Нам дозволять залишитись вдома. 4. Йому не дозволили курити у приміщенні. 5. Йому ще не можна ходити на прогулянки. 6. Тобі дозволили брати книги? 7. Не думаю, що їм дозволять самим зробити цю роботу. 8. Мені дозволять скласти іспит у травні.

must – have to – to be to

Exercise 1 Translate into Ukrainian.

1. You must respect your parents. 2. You must not go there. 3. Must I learn it by heart? 4. It must be cold outside. 5. Must I go there? 6. He must be in the library now. 7. I have to go there. 8. Will you have to get up early tomorrow? 9. Do you usually have to get up early? 10. Did you have to get up early yesterday? 11. I had to go to hospital to visit my aunt. 12. He had to translate this article himself. 13. They will have to translate this article themselves. 14. He was to meet her at 5 o’clock. 15. We were to help him, but he refused. 16. They are to go to the birthday party today. 17. Nick was to show us his pictures. 18. The train is to arrive at 7 o’clock.

Exercise 2 Put the modal verbs to have to or to be to:

1. I have no time to speak to you, I … to hurry home. 2. The letter will … found. 3. She … be very careful. 4. Now I … to go away. 5. The train … leave at midnight. 6. He … to come here at night. 7. He … to go there yesterday. 8. They … to call the doctor because the grandmother was ill. 9. Why did you … to stay at home yesterday? 10. I couldn’t come yesterday because I … to do a lot at home.

Exercise 3 Translate into English using must, to have to, to be to:

1. Він повинен був приїхати вчора. 2. Ви не знаєте, коли повинен прийти доктор? 3. Вона сказала, що він повинен бути вдома увечері. 4. Ви повинні знати все про цього чоловіка. 5. Вона повинна подзвонити мені о восьмій годині. 6. Мені прийдеться написати листа брату. 7. Йому прийшлось зварити обід. 8. Що ви повинні зробити сьогодні? 9. Що вам прийдеться зробити завтра? 10. Що вам прийшлось зробити учора?

Exercise 4 Fill in the gaps with can, may, must.

1. … I come in? 2. You … not smoke here. 3. ...I take your book? – I am afraid not: I need it. 4. He … not speak English yet. 5. I have very little time: I … go. 6. They … not go to the park today because they are busy. 7. You … read this text: it is easy enough. 8. What … we see on this map? 9. … you speak Spanish? – No, I … . 10. At what time … you come to work? 11. She … still live in Paris. 12. He is busy. He … be writing a book. 13. He is happy. He … enjoy life. 14. My friend Danielle … also paint icons. I … only admire her beautiful pictures. She … be a woman of great talents. She … speak German and French. She … also teach these languages at school.

Exercise 5 Translate into Ukrainian the modal verbs “can” and

“need”.

Model: You cannot do it. – Ти не можеш робити цього.

You need not do it. – Ти можеш не робити цього.

1. You cannot read so many books. 2. You need not read so many books. 3. They cannot translate this article. 4. They need not translate this article. 5. My sister cannot write this letter: she is very busy. 6. My sister need not write this letter: I shall phone them. 7. She cannot buy bread. 8. She need not buy bread.

Exercise 6 Translate into Ukrainian the modal verb “should”.

Model: You should help him.

Тобі слід допомогти йому (зараз).

You should have helped him.

Тобі слід було б допомогти йому (раніше).

1. You should have come in time. 2. You shouldn’t have said that. 3. Why should I suffer from his mistakes? 4. You should speak to her about this matter. 5. You shouldn’t miss the chance. 6. You should ring him up till seven. 7. I should have rung her up yesterday, but I returned home late.

Exercise 7 Translate into Ukrainian sentences with the modal verb

“ought to”.

1.2He ought to help his friend. 2. He ought to be more careful. 3. You ought to have done it yesterday. 4. I’m sorry I ought to have phoned to tell you I was coming. 5. He ought not to have sent that telegram.

Exercise 8 Fill in the gaps using must, may, can, need, to have to, to

be able to, to be to, should.

1. You … not come to help them tomorrow: the work is done. 2. You … not change the whole text as the beginning is all right. You … only rewrite the second part of it. 3. … you help me now? – I am afraid not. Come to my place at about eight and I … help you. 4. John … not tell us the rules of the game: we know them. 5. … I return the book to you on Friday? I am afraid I … not finish it before. – You … bring it to me later than Wednesday. 6. It is already six o’clock. We … hurry if we don’t want to be late. 7. … you translate this text into English? – I think I … . 8. They spent all the morning on the river bank. Only Ann … return home as she … not stay in the sun for such a long time. 9. He … to come here at five o’clock today. 10. They planned that the roses … to be planted round the pond. 11. You … not speak so rudely with her. 12. The child … have been punished. 13. She … decorate a room nicely. 14. We … not afford to pay the bill. 15. Ann … not go to the party yesterday because she ... go to the dentist. 16. You … take medicine three times a day before meals. You … not stop taking it. You … drink water as much as you … . You … get up tomorrow if you like. You … not stay in bed all the time. But you … not do any work at all.

Exercise 9 Read the following sentences and fill in with required modal

verbs

A. How many people can the room seat?

B. The room …seat 30 people.

A. Can your brother read English books without using a dictionary?

B. Yes, he ….He knows English well.

A. May we use the glass tubes for the tests with these liquids?

B. No, you … … .

A. May we cross the street here?

B. Oh, you … … do this. It is very dangerous.

A. Is this line to connect the two industrial centres?

B. Yes, it … .

A. Does your friend have to read for his seminars?

B. Yes, he does. He … … prepare for his report there.

Exercise 10 Translate into English using modal verbs must, may or can

1. Можна мені узяти вашу книгу? 2. На уроці англійської мови ви повинні розмовляти англійською мовою. 3. Ми повинні сьогодні здати зошити? 4. Можна мені задати вам питання? – Будь ласка. 5. Я не можу піти з вами у кіно, бо я дуже зайнятий. 6. Чи можна тут палити? – Будь ласка. 7. Він зараз повинен бути у себе в кабінеті. Ви можете побалакати з ним. 8. Можна увійти? – Будь ласка. 9. Ви повинні прочитати цей текст. 10. Чи може він перевірити це завдання? 11. Я мушу поговорити сьогодні зі своїм другом. 12. Ми повинні заплатити за електрику у кінці місяцю. 13. Ця жінка – чудовий водій. Вона навіть вміє водити автобус. 14. Можна мені бутерброд з рибою та чашечкою кави?