Дрёмов С.В., Сёмин И.Р. - Измененные состояния сознания
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34
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35
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
5 @28-9-11G, 3/+46/, 1/C/8/=+9-46/0 /6*546+ 4+1D*/,5 /7?-- 3*-D4.528-1+- / ./,, 9./ 4+1- D*/, 4 /3*-D-8-11/4.AH ,/I-. @65CG25.A 8+<A 15 ./. +8+ +1/0 *-=+4.*, 15 .@ +8+ +1@H 4.-3-1A =8@7+1G @*/21; 4/C151+;, 4.51/2+.4; 954.1/4.AH. :/.;, 656 43*52-D8+2/ /.,-95H. . . /*1--
./2 + . . ',-8-2 (1996, 4.3-4), "2 4+1D*/,- 8/658+C@-.4; +1B/*,5F+; 656 / 3*/<8/,, .56 + / 15- 4./;?-, + 7@D@?-,", 3*+ +C/8+*/2511/ 68+1+9-46/, 3/D:/D- ,1/=//7*5C+- 3*+9+1 + B56./*/2, 3*+2/D;?+: 6 2G42/7/ID-1+H 4/D-*I51+; ./=/ +8+ +1/=/ @*/21;, 2/C,/I1G- 3-*43-6.+2G *5C2+-
.+; 4+1D*/,5 *544,5.*+25H.4;, 46/*--, 2 +468H9+.-8A1G: 48@95;:. ./ 34+:/.+9-465; B-1/,-- 1/8/=+; @*/21; -?- 1- -4.A 23+4G25-,G0 2 1/C/=*5B+H 34+:/C, 3*/4./ C57G25-.4;.
D-4A 2/C,/I-1 @3*-6 2 +465I-11/0 +1.-*3*-.5F++ D+5=1/4.+9-46/0 3*/F-D@*G. G ,/I-, @4- 8G<5.A, 9./ =*5,/.1G0 34+:+5.* ;6/7G @4.51528+25-. 158+9+- 34+:+9-46/=/ *544.*/04.25 1- 15 /41/251++ /.D-8A1/=/ 4+1D*/,5, 5 2G;28;; 4+1D*/,/6/,38-64 - =*@33@ 4+1D*/,/2, /.1/4;?+:4; 6 *5C1G, @*/21;, 4/C151+; + 544/F++*/2511G: 2 /D1/, 4.5.@4-. 5, E./ ./, 9./ D/8I1/ 7G.A, 1/ 1-
./, 9./ -4.A. D-04.2+.-8A1/4.+ 35./8/=+; 6/14.5.+*@-.4; 3*+ 2G;28-1++ /D1/=/--D+14.2-11/=/ (1+ 4 9-, 1- 544/F++*/2511/=/) 4+1D*/,5. *+,-*/, ./,@ 48@I+. 4+1D*/, 34+:+9-46/=/ 52./,5-
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.G /3*-D-8;H.4; 3*+2-*I-11/4.AH +448-D/25.-8; ./,@ +8+ +1/,@ 21@.*+35*5D+=,5.+9-46/,@ 153*528-1+H. /3*/4 / D+5=1/C-, 6 3*+,-*@, <+C/B*-1+; E./ +8+ 5BB-6.+21G- *544.*/04.25, *-<5-.4; 2 C52+4+,/4.+ /. 954.1G: 68+1+9-46+: 3*-D3/9.-1+0 65ID/=/ +448-D/25.-8;, /. -=/ 52-
37
./*+.-.5 + D5I- /. /*5./*46/=/ +46@44.25. -ID@ .-,, *5C=*51+9-1+- 1/*,G + 35./8/=++ + 6/1- 6*-.1G0 D+5=1/C, 656 3*-D4.528;-.4;, 1- D/8I1G C52+4-.A 1+ /. 35*5D+=,G, 3*-D4.528;H?-0 4/- 7/0 ,5*=+158A1/- 68+1+9-46/- ,+*/2/CC*-1+-, 1+ /. /.D-8A1/0 <6/8G, 1+ /. 8+91/4.+ +448-D/- 25.-8;. 56 42+D-.-8A4.2@H. *57/.G E.1/8/=/2, 2 /7?-4.25:, 6/14.+.@58+C+*@H?+: + 3*+1+- ,5H?+: 1/*,5.+21/4.A 4/D-*I51+; 85.-1.1G: @*/21-0 4/C151+;, 34+:+9-46+- 52./,5.+C,G, 2/4- 3*+1+,5;4A 2 4/2-*<-11/ +1/, 6/1.-64.-, C159+.-8A1/ *-I- C56519+25H.4; 34+:+9-46/0 D-C+1.-- =*5F+-0. 56+, /7*5C/,, 4@?-4.2@-. 3*+1F+3+58A15; 2/C,/I1/4.A 21-34+:/35./8/=+9-46/=/ *5C- 2+.+; +C,-1-1+0 4/C151+;, D5I- -48+ /1+ + 4/3*/2/ID5H.4; +C2-4.1G,+ 68+1+9-46+,+ B-1/,-- 15,+. @?-4.2-11G, 3*-D4.528;-.4; ./. B56., 9./ 15 D+15,+6- 465CG25H.4; 1- ./8A6/ 15958A1G- 3*+9+11/ D-04.2@H?+- B56./*G, 1/ + 4/F+/6@8A.@*1G- @48/2+;. *-D+ E.+: @48/2+0 1-- ,58/25I1@H */8A +=*5-. 5D-625.1/ 4B/*,@8+*/25115; 4+4.-,5 /F-1/6, 3*+1;.+- ./=/ +8+ +1/=/ +C,-1-11/=/ 4/4./;1+; 4/C151+; 656 35./8/=+9-46/=/ +8+ 1/*,5.+21/=/.
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
.-/*++ ;28;H.4; E8-,-1./, 4/F+58A1/0 :5*56.-*+4.+6+ *-58A1/4.+" (1967; F+.. 3/: /8,E1, 1996).
C2-4.1/, 9./ 4B/*,+*/25115; 2 68+1+9-46/0 35*5D+=,- 21@.*-11;; 65*.+15 7/8-C1+ ,/I-. 4.5.A 2./*/0 15.@*/0 9-8/2-65 +, 656 3/65C58+ ,1/=/9+48-11G- 1578HD-1+;, 43/4/715 28+;.A 15 *5C2+-
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
38
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
, 656 15, 3*-D4.528;-.4;, 1@ID5-.4; 2 3*-D3/4G865:, C5D511G: 1- 35*5D+=,58A1G,+ .*5D+- F+;,+, 5 /7R-6.+21/0 D511/4.AH 4.*@6.@*1/-B@16F+/158A1G: 543-6./2 4/C151+;. /7*5.1/, 48@- 95- *544@ID-1+; / =@,511/4.+ 2 34+:+5.*++ /4.5H.4; D-685*5F+;,+.
511G- C5*@7-I1/0 8+.-*5.@*G (Fillips, 1967; Hernacka, Zakowska-Dqbrowska, 1979) + 3*/2-D-1-
1G15,+ +448-D/251+; ( €,+1, =5*6/2, 1997) 42+D-.-8A4.2@H., 9./ 3/2G<-1+- 34+:+5.*+9-46/0 =*5,/.1/4.+, ..-. @42/-1+- 3*-DC5D511G: 68+1+9-46/0 35*5D+=,/0 4+,3./,/2, @,-1+- *543/C15.A +:, 7-C =@,51+C5F++ /7?-4.25, 7-C 3-*-/F-16+ + D/8I1/=/ 3/1+,51+; E6C+4.-1F+58A1/0 4+.@5F++ D@<-21/7/8A1G: 43/4/74.2@H. 8+<A @,-1A<-1+H .-*3+,/=/ /.1/<-1+; 6 35F+-1.5,.
C,-1-1+- 4+.@5F++, 3/ 6*501-0 ,-*-, /3*-D-8-1+- .-/*-.+9-46+: 3*-D3/4G8/6 6 E./,@, .*-7@-. /7*5?-1+; 6 F-11/4.1G, 3*/78-,5,. -/7:/D+,/ 3*-/D/8-.A 48/I+2<--4; 3*-D4.528-1+- /
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
..-. /3*-D-8+.A D/8H 3*+21-4-11G: 2 1-- 4@7R-6.+21G: ,/.+2/2, C52+4+. /7R-6.+21/4.A /F-16+.
-/4/C15115; *-C+1A;F+; 3-*-D E.+, 2/3*/4/, 2-D-. 6 /.65C@ /. 3/+465 4,G485 2 4/D-*I51++ 85-
.-1.1G: @*/21-0 4/C151+;, 6 /7/C159-1+H 3/48-D1+: 4 3/,/?AH B+6.+21/-/6/195.-8A1G: 3*-D- 4.528-1+0 / 7/8-C1+ + 6 3/DD-*I51+H *543*/4.*51-11/=/ @7-ID-1+; 2 4@?-4.2/251++ 654.G 34+- :+5.*/2, 3/C152<+: 4@?1/4.A 7/8-C1+ + 43/4/71G: 4 1-0 43*52+.A4;. 1@.*-11;; 1-@2-*-11/4.A 5D-3./2 .56/=/ 3/D:/D5 /.,-9-15 2 :@D/I-4.2-11/0 8+.-*5.@*-: " / 2/. C2/1/6 2 3-*-D1-0. 2/4A D/6./*. /91/, E./ D/6./*, 42-I+0, 7/D*G0, I+*1G0, 2-4-8G0, 4 .-, 2G*5I-1+-, - 9./ 2G .5, 9-=/-
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39
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