Спряжение глагола to be в Present, Past,

Future Simple Tenses

	Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма	Краткая отрицательная форма
Present	I am busy. You are busy. He (she, it) is busy. We are busy. They are busy.	Am I busy? Yes, I am. Are you busy? Yes, you are. Is he (she, it) busy? Yes, he is. Are we busy? Yes, we are. Are they busy? Yes, they are.	I am not busy. You are not busy He is not busy. We are not busy. They are not busy.	I ain’t busy. You aren’t busy. He isn’t busy. We aren’t busy. They aren’t busy.
Past	I was busy. You were busy. He (she, it) was busy. We were busy. They were busy.	Was I busy? Yes, I was. Were you busy? Yes, you were. Was he (she, it) busy? Yes, he was. Were we busy? Yes, we were. Were they busy? Yes, they were.	I was not busy. You were not busy. He was not busy. We were not busy. They were not busy.	I wasn’t busy. You weren’t busy. He wasn’t busy. We weren’t busy. They weren’t busy.
Future	I shall be busy. You will be busy. He (she, it) will be busy. We shall be busy. They will be busy.	Shall I be busy? Yes, I shall. Will you be busy? Yes, you will. Will he be busy? Yes, he will. Shall we be busy? Yes, we shall. Will they be busy? Yes, they will.	I shall not be busy. You will not be busy. He will not be busy. We shall not be busy. They will not be busy.	I shan’t be busy. You won’t be busy. He won’t be busy. We shan’t be busy. They won’t be busy.

Использование глагола «to be»

1. Смысловой глагол (быть, находиться).

He is at the University now.

Сейчас он (находится) в университете.

2. Глагол-связка (являться, состоять, заключаться).

He is a first-year student.

Он (является) студент(ом) первого курса.

His aim is to study.

Его цель состоит в том, чтобы учиться.

В значении «быть», «являться», находиться глагол «tobe» никогда не опускается в отличие от русского языка.

3. Вспомогательный глагол для образования Continuous Tenses и Passive Voice.

She is doing research in the field of physics.

Она проводит исследования в области физики.

Research is done in the field of physics.

Исследование проводится в области физики.

4. Модальный глагол («должен» по плану договоренности, т.е. «предстоит»).

She is to complete her research by 2005.

Она должна завершить исследование к 2005 году.

Exercise 14. Переведите на русский язык.

1. Mercury is the only common metal that is liquid at ordinary temperature.

2. The only way to solve the problem is to make some experiments.

3. The idea is to make sure that the company has serious intentions.

4. The main objective of the group is to organize its activities around the world.

5. Heat is radiated by the Sun to the Earth, but the land, the sea and the air are affected differently by this radiation.

6. The engineers are designing a new radio-set of much lighter weight and much smaller size.

7. Electronics is becoming increasingly important in all branches of production.

8. This reaction is similar to that observed by us.

9. The ionization current or charge is to be measured.

10. It is another isotope of hydrogen, tritium that was found in 1934.

11. It is the energy produced by the splitting of the nucleus of an atom that is called nuclear or atomic energy.